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micro - parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

protozoa causing GI infections and transmission

A

giardia lamblia, emtamoeba histolytica, cryptosporidium **all transmitted by cysts in water
GECko

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2
Q

giardia lamblia dx

A

trophozoites or cysts in stool

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3
Q

giardia lamblia tx

A

metronidazole

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4
Q

giardisis

A

bloating, flatulence, FOUL-SMELLING FATTY DIARRHEA

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5
Q

giardia lamblia associated with

A

campers/hikers

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6
Q

entamoeba histolytica dx

A

serology or trophozoites (RBC in cytoplasm) or cysts (multiple nuclei) in stool

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7
Q

amebiasis

A 
entamoeba histolytica
blood diarrhea (dysentry), liver abscess, RUQ pain
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8
Q

achovy past exudate

A

liver abscess in entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

flask-shaped ulcer

A

submucosal abscess of colon rupture in entamoeba histolytica

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10
Q

entamoeba histolytica tx

A

metronidazole

asx cyst passers - idoquinol

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11
Q

cryptosporidium dx

A

cysts on acid-fast stain

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12
Q

cryptosporidium disease

A

AIDS - severe diarrhea

non IC - mild watery diarrhea

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13
Q

cyrptosporidium prevention

A

filter city water supplies

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14
Q

cryptosporidium tx

A

immunocompetent (water diarrhea) - nitazoxanide

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15
Q

protozoa causing CNS infections

A

TNT - toxoplasma gondii, naegleria fowleri, trypanosoma brucei

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16
Q

ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI

A

toxoplasma gondii - brain abscess in HIV

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17
Q

congenital toxoplasmosis triad

A

CHICk

chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus and intracranial calcifications

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18
Q

toxoplasma gondii transmission

A

cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces

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19
Q

why should pregnant women avoid cats

A

because toxoplasmosis gondii crosses the placenta and can be transmitted via oocysts in cat feces

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20
Q

toxoplasma gondii tx

A

sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

naegleria fowleri disease

A

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

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22
Q

naegleria fowleri transmission

A

swimming in freshwater lakes

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23
Q

naegleria fowleri dx

A

amoebas in spinal fluid

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24
Q

naegleria fowleri tx

A

amphotericin

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25
Q

trypanosoma brucei

A

african sleeping sickness - enlarged LN, recurring fever (antigenic variation), somnolence + coma

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26
Q

transmission of trypanosoma brucei

A

tsetse fly - painful bite

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27
Q

trypanosoma brucei dx

A

blood smear

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28
Q

trypanosoma brucei tx

A

suramin - blood borne disease

melarsoprol - CNS penetrations

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29
Q

cause of recurring fever in trypanosoma brucei

A

antigenic variation

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30
Q

protozoa causing hematologic infections

A

PB&J - plasmodium + babesia

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31
Q

babesiosis

A

fever + hemolytic anemia

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32
Q

babesia location

A

northeastern US

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33
Q

what increases risk of severe disease in babesia infection

A

asplenia

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34
Q

tranmission of babebsia

A

ixodes tick (may coinfect w/ lyme disease since same tick)

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35
Q

maltese cross

A

babesia

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36
Q

babesia tx

A

atovaquone + azithromycin

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37
Q

malaria bug and disease

A

plasmodium

fever, headache, anema, splenomegaly (FlASH)

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38
Q

plasmodium tranmission

A

mosquito (anopheles)

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39
Q

RBC shizont with merozoites

A

plasmodium

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40
Q

plasmodium vivax/ovale

A

48 hour cycle

hypnozoite - dormant form in liver

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41
Q

plasmodium falciparum

A

severe - irregular fever

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42
Q

cerebral malaria

A

plasmodium falciparum

parasitized RBC occlude cappilaries in brain (also kidneys + lungs)

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43
Q

plasmodium malariae

A

72 hour cycle

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44
Q

plasmodium tx

A

chloroquine - blocks plasmodium heme polymerase

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45
Q

resistant plasmodium tx

A

mefloquine

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46
Q

life-threatening plasmodium tx

A

IV quinidine - test for G6P deficiency

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47
Q

plasmodium vivax/ovale tx

A

add primaquine for hypnozoite (also test G6PD)

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48
Q

chagas disease bug

A

trypanosoma cruzi

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49
Q

chagas disease sx

A

dilated cardiomyopathy, megacolon, megaesophagus

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50
Q

chagas disease location

A

south america

51
Q

reduviid bug (kissing bug)

A

trypanosoma cruzi

52
Q

trypanosoma cruzi tx

A

nifurtimox

53
Q

leishmania donovani

A

visceral leishmanaiasis - spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia

54
Q

transmission of lesihmania donovani

55
Q

tx leishmania donovani

A

sodium stibogluconate

56
Q

leishmania donovani dx

A

macrophages containing amastigotes

57
Q

trichomonas vaginalis

A

STD causing vaginitis - foul-smelling greenish discharge, itch + burn; sexual transmission

58
Q

trichomonas vaginalis dx

A

trophozoites (motile) on wet mounth

59
Q

trichomonas vaginalis tx

A

metronidazole for patient + partner

60
Q

enterobius vermicularis

61
Q

enterobius vermicularis transmission

A

food contaminated with eggs - fecal/oral

62
Q

enterobius vermicularis sx

A

anal pruritis

63
Q

enterobius vermicularis dx

A

scotch tape test

64
Q

enterobius vermicularis tx

A

BENDY PRURITIS

bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

65
Q

ascaris lumbricoides transmission

A

fecal-oral - can see eggs in feces

66
Q

ascaris lumbricoides tx

A

bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

67
Q

nematodes (round worms) causing intestinal infection

A

enteroius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides, stronglydoides stercoralis, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus
all tx with bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate except strongyloides stercoralis

68
Q

strongyloides stercoralis transmission

A

larvae in soil penetrate skin

69
Q

strongyloides stercoralis sx

A

vomit, diarrhea, anemia

70
Q

strongyloides stercoralis tx

A

ivermectin or albendazole

71
Q

ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus (hookworm) tranmission

A

larvae penetrate skin

72
Q

ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus sx

A

anemia by sucking blood from intestinal walls

73
Q

ancylostoma duodenale / necator americanus tx

A

bendaozoles or pyrantel pamoate

74
Q

dranculus medinensis transmission

A

drinking water

75
Q

dranculus medinensis sx

A

skin inflammation and necrosis

76
Q

dranculus medinensis tx

A

slow extraction of worm

77
Q

onchocerca volvulus transmision

A

female blackfly bite

78
Q

onchocerca volvulus sx

A

BLACK - flies, skin nodules + sight

hyperpigmented skin + river blindness

79
Q

onchocerca volvulus tx

A

ivermectine (RIVER - IVER)

80
Q

loa loa transmission

A

deer, horse or mango fly

81
Q

loa loa sx

A

swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

82
Q

loa loa tx

A

diethylcarbamazine

83
Q

wuchereria bancrofti transmission

A

female mosquito

84
Q

wuchereria bancrofti sx

A

block lymphatic vessels –> elephantiasis

85
Q

how long does it take to become sx with wucheriria bancrofti

A

9 months - 1 year

86
Q

wuchereria bancrofti tx

A

diethylcarbamazine

87
Q

toxocara canis transnmission

A

fecal oral - food contaminated with eggs

88
Q

toxocara canis sx

A

visceral larva migrans

89
Q

toxocara canis tx

A

albendazole or mebendazole

90
Q

nematodes ingested –> infection

A

EAT - enterobius, ascaris, trichinella

91
Q

nematodes cutanous –> infection

A

SAND - strongyloides, ancylostoma, nectar

92
Q

tapeworms - cestodes

A

taenia solium, diphyllobothrium latum, echinococcus granulosus

93
Q

taenia solium transmission

A

ingest larvae encysted in undercooked pork

ingest eggs

94
Q

taenia solium dz

A

pork - intestinal

eggs - cysicercosis, neurocysicercosis

95
Q

taenia solium tx

A

praziquantel

96
Q

neurocysticercosis tx

A

bendazoles

97
Q

diphyllobacterium latum transmission

A

ingest larvae from raw freshwater fish

98
Q

diphyllobacterium latum disease

A

vitamin B12 deficiency –> anemia

99
Q

diphyllobacterium latum tx

A

praziquantel

100
Q

echinococcus granulosus transmission

A

ingest eggs from dog geces

101
Q

echinococcus granulosus disease

A

cysts in liver –> anaphylaxis if agents released (preinject with ethanol to kill cysts before removal)

102
Q

echinococcus granulosus tx

A

bendazoles

103
Q

trematodes (flukes)

A

schistosoma, clonorchis sinensis, paragonimus westermanni **alll treated with praziquantel!!

104
Q

schistosoma transmission

A

host = snail

cercariae penetrate skin of humans

105
Q

schistosoma disease

A

liver + spleen granulomas, fribrosis + inflammation

106
Q

what does chronic infection with schistosoma haemotobium possibly lead to

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

107
Q

schistosoma tx

A

praziquantel

108
Q

clonorchis sinensis transmission

A

undercooked fish

109
Q

clonorchis sinensis disease

A

biliary tract inflammation –> pigmented gallstones

110
Q

clonorchis sinensis associated with what

A

cholangiocarcinoma

111
Q

clonorchis sinensis tx

A

praziquantel

112
Q

paragonimus westermani transmission

A

undercooked crab meat

113
Q

paragonimus westermani disease

A

lung inflammation and secondary bacterial infeciton w/ hemoptysis

114
Q

paragonimus westermani tx

A

praziquantel

115
Q

brain cysts + seizures

A

taenia solium (cysticercosis)

116
Q

liver cysts

A

echnococcus granulosus

117
Q

vitamin B12 deficiency

A

diphyllobothrium latum

118
Q

biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma

A

clonorchis sinensis

119
Q

hemoptysis

A

paragonimus westermani

120
Q

portal hypertension

A

schistosoma mansoni

121
Q

hematuria, bladder cancer

A

schistosoma haematobium

122
Q

microcytic anemia

A

ancylostoma, necator

123
Q

perianal pruritis

A

enterobius vermicularis - pinworm

FA (13 decks)

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