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Micro - Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

cell wall with thick peptidoglycan

lipoteic acid –> TNF + IL1

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2
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

outer membrane with LPS endotoxin
lipid A –> TNF + IL1
periplasm - beta lactamase

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3
Q

bacterial ribosomes

A

protein synthesis - 30S + 50S

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4
Q

bacterial capsule function and composition

A

vs phagocytosis

composed of polysaccharide

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5
Q

bacteria with poly D glutamate capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

pilus/fimbrae function

A

adherence

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7
Q

flagellum function

A

motility

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8
Q

used for adhere to foreign surfaces

A

glycocalyx

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9
Q

circular/coccus bacteria

A

gram positive = staph + strep

gram negative = neisseria

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10
Q

spiral bacteria

A

gram negative = BLT –> borrelia (GIEMSA), leptospira, treponema

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11
Q

branching filaments

A

gram positive = actinomyces and nocardia

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12
Q

bacteria with no cell wall

A

mycoplasma - does not gram stain, contains sterols

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13
Q

mycobacterium

A

mycolic acid with high lipids

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14
Q

pleomorphic bacteria

A

gram negative = ricketsia and chlamydia

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15
Q

bacteria that do not gram stain well

A

these rascalls may microscopically lack color - treponema, ricketsia, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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16
Q

GIEMSA stain

A

TRBPC - tay’s really banging popcorn club

trypanosomes, ricketsia, borrelia, chlamydia, plasmodium

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17
Q

PAS stain

A

pass the sugar or I’ll whip you - stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides for whipples disease

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18
Q

ziehl-neelson

A

runs really fast - acid fast stain nocardia + mycobacterium

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19
Q

india ink

A

indian babies doing the crypt walk - cryptococcus neoformans

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20
Q

silver stain

A

FLasHy - fungi, legionella, h. pylori

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21
Q

capsule

A

positive quellung reaction; antiphagocytic VF; asplenics vaccine SHiN
SHiNE SKiS - step pneumo, h. flu type B, neisseria meningitis, e. coli, salmonella, klebsiella, group B strep
vaccine antigen = capsule + protein conjugate

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22
Q

H flu

A

chocolate agar - factor V (NAD+) + X (hematin)

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23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea or meningitidis

A

thayer martin agar - VPN (vancomycin - gram positive, polymyxin - gram neg except N, nystatin - fungi)

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24
Q

B. pertussis

A

bordet-gengou (potato) agar

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25
Q

C. diptheria

A

TELL us about the time you DIPPED into the pool with your LOFFLERS
tellurite plate, lofflers media

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26
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein Jensen agar

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27
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia

A

eatons agar

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28
Q

lactose fermenting enterics

A

pink on MacConkey’s agar

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29
Q

Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar

A

E. coli - green metallic sheen

30
Q

Legionella

A

charcoal yeast with cystine and iron

31
Q

Sabourads agar

32
Q

obligate aerobes

A

mOp - O2 dependent to –> ATP
myco tb - most o2 in apex of lung
pseudomonas AERiginosa - burn, diabetes, nosocomial and CF pneumo, can use N

33
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

cant breathe - lack catalase/superoxide dismutase (ox damage susceptible); foul smell; diff to culture; produce gas in tissue; NF in GI tract
clostridium + bacteriodes

34
Q

obligate intracellular

A

rickettsia and chlamydia

35
Q

aminoglycosides ineffective vs these bacteria

A

obligate anaerobics (bacterioides + clostridium) bc require O2 to enter cell

36
Q

bacteria in burns, diabetes, nosocomial and CF pneumonia

A

pseudomonas - obligate aerobes (MOP)

37
Q

facultative intracellular bacteria

A

some nasty bugs may live facultatively - salmonella,neisseria, brucella, mycobacterium, listeria, francisella, legionella, yersinia pests

38
Q

catalase positive bugs

A

PLACESS for cats - psuedonomas, listeria, aspergillus, candidia, e coli, staph auerus, serratia
catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be degraded by myeloperoxidase to microbicidal products
CGD (NADPH oxidase deficient) susceptible to catalase positive because they degrade the limited H2O2

39
Q

vaccines

A 
protein conjugated to polysaccharide capsule antigen --> T cell activation - class switching
conjugated = prevnar
no conjugated protein = pneumovax
conjugated vaccines = H flu type B + meningococcal
40
Q

urea positive bugs

A

CHunk’s PUNKSS

cryptococcus, h pylori, proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, klebsiella, s. epidermidis + saprophyticius

41
Q

yellow pigment

A

staph aureus

42
Q

red pigment

A

serratia marcescens

43
Q

yellow sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelii

44
Q

blue-green pigment

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

45
Q

protein A

A

staph aureus

binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization/phagocytosis

46
Q

IgA proteus

A

SHiN - strep pneumo, h. flu type B, neisseria

cleaves IgA to colonize resp mucosa

47
Q

M protein

A

group A strep

prevents phagocytosis

48
Q

Endotoxin (Lipid A)

A

activates macrophages - IL1 (fever), TNF (fever/hypotension), NO (hypotension)
activates complement - C3A (edema/hypotension) + C5A (neutrophil chemotaxis)
activates TF - coag cascade (DIC)

49
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria
inhibits protein synthesis - inhibits EF2
pharyngitis w/ throat pseudomembrane and lymphadenopathy (bull neck)

50
Q

Exotoxin A

A

Psuedonomas Aeruginosa: inhibits protein synthesis - inhibits EF2 *host cell death
Strep Pyogenes: MHC II + TCR –> IFNy + IL2 –> shock *TSS = fever, rash, shock

51
Q

Shiga-Toxin

A

Shigella
inhibits protein synthesis - inactivates 60S
GI mucosal damage –> dysentry
enhances cytokine release - HUS

52
Q

Shiga-like Toxin

A

EHEC (O157:H7)
inhibits protein synthesis - inactivates 60S
enhances cytokine release - HUS

53
Q

Heat-labile toxin

A

ETEC - labile in the air -> watery diarrhea

increase fluid secretion -AC/cAMP - increase chloride secretion in gut and water efflux

54
Q

Heat-stabile toxin

A

ETEC - stable on the ground -> watery diarrhea

increase fluid secretion - GC/gCMP - decrease NaCl/water resorption in gut

55
Q

Edema factor

A

Bacillus anthracis
increase fluid secretion - mimics AC enzyme
edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax

56
Q

cholera toxin

A

Vibrio cholerae
increase fluid secretion - same as HLT (Gs)
VOLUMINOUS RICE WATER DIARRHEA

57
Q

pertussis toxin

A

Bordetella pertussis
inhibit phagocytic ability - disable Gi and overactive AC/cAMP
WHOOPING COUGH

58
Q

tetanospasmin

A

Clostridium tetani - TIGHT
cleave SNARE protein req for nt release
inhibit release of GABA/glycine (inhib)
lock jaw + muscle rigidity

59
Q

botulinum toxin

A

Clostrium botulinum - floppy Baby
cleave SNARE protein req for nt release
inhibit release of Ach (stim) at NMJ
flaccid paralysis

60
Q

alpha toxin

A

Clostdium perfringes
phospholipase degrades tissue and cell membranes
degrade phospholipid C –> myonerosis (gas gangrene) + hemolysis (doubel zone of hemolysis on blood agar)

61
Q

streptolysin O

A

Strep pyogenes
protein degrades cell membranes
lyse RBC, B-hemolysis
anti-ASO ab = RF

62
Q

TSST-1

A

Staph Aereus
MHCII + TCR –> IFN-y and IL2 –> shock
TSS - fever, rash, shock

63
Q

Bacterial growth curve

A

lag phase - metabolic activity without division
exponential growth phase - rapid cell division
stationary phase - nutrient depletion slows growth
death phase - prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products

64
Q

what two drugs act on exponential growth phase

A

penicillins and cephalosporins - as peptidoglycans are being made

65
Q

which phase does spore formation occur

A

stationary phase

66
Q

ability to take up naked DNA from environment

A

transformation

67
Q

conjugation

A

F+ x F- = replicate/ transfer plasmid (dsDNA) from F+ cell through pilus
HFr X F- = transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes

68
Q

segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another

A

transposition

69
Q

generalized transduction

A

packaging event = lytic phage –> cleaves bacterial DNA

70
Q

specialized transduction

A

excision event = lysogenic phase –> viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chrom
ABCDE - shigAlike toxin, botulinum toxin, cholera toxin, diptheria toxin, erythrogenic toxin (strep pyogenes)

FA (13 decks)

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