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Micro - Basic Bacteriology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

cell wall with thick peptidoglycan

lipoteic acid –> TNF + IL1

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2
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

outer membrane with LPS endotoxin
lipid A –> TNF + IL1
periplasm - beta lactamase

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3
Q

bacterial ribosomes

A

protein synthesis - 30S + 50S

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4
Q

bacterial capsule function and composition

A

vs phagocytosis

composed of polysaccharide

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5
Q

bacteria with poly D glutamate capsule

A

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

pilus/fimbrae function

A

adherence

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7
Q

flagellum function

A

motility

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8
Q

used for adhere to foreign surfaces

A

glycocalyx

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9
Q

circular/coccus bacteria

A

gram positive = staph + strep

gram negative = neisseria

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10
Q

spiral bacteria

A

gram negative = BLT –> borrelia (GIEMSA), leptospira, treponema

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11
Q

branching filaments

A

gram positive = actinomyces and nocardia

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12
Q

bacteria with no cell wall

A

mycoplasma - does not gram stain, contains sterols

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13
Q

mycobacterium

A

mycolic acid with high lipids

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14
Q

pleomorphic bacteria

A

gram negative = ricketsia and chlamydia

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15
Q

bacteria that do not gram stain well

A

these rascalls may microscopically lack color - treponema, ricketsia, mycobacteria, mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia

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16
Q

GIEMSA stain

A

TRBPC - tay’s really banging popcorn club

trypanosomes, ricketsia, borrelia, chlamydia, plasmodium

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17
Q

PAS stain

A

pass the sugar or I’ll whip you - stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides for whipples disease

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18
Q

ziehl-neelson

A

runs really fast - acid fast stain nocardia + mycobacterium

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19
Q

india ink

A

indian babies doing the crypt walk - cryptococcus neoformans

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20
Q

silver stain

A

FLasHy - fungi, legionella, h. pylori

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21
Q

capsule

A

positive quellung reaction; antiphagocytic VF; asplenics vaccine SHiN
SHiNE SKiS - step pneumo, h. flu type B, neisseria meningitis, e. coli, salmonella, klebsiella, group B strep
vaccine antigen = capsule + protein conjugate

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22
Q

H flu

A

chocolate agar - factor V (NAD+) + X (hematin)

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23
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea or meningitidis

A

thayer martin agar - VPN (vancomycin - gram positive, polymyxin - gram neg except N, nystatin - fungi)

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24
Q

B. pertussis

A

bordet-gengou (potato) agar

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25
C. diptheria
TELL us about the time you DIPPED into the pool with your LOFFLERS tellurite plate, lofflers media
26
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lowenstein Jensen agar
27
Mycoplasma pneumonia
eatons agar
28
lactose fermenting enterics
pink on MacConkey's agar
29
Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar
E. coli - green metallic sheen
30
Legionella
charcoal yeast with cystine and iron
31
Sabourads agar
fungi
32
obligate aerobes
mOp - O2 dependent to --> ATP myco tb - most o2 in apex of lung pseudomonas AERiginosa - burn, diabetes, nosocomial and CF pneumo, can use N
33
obligate anaerobes
cant breathe - lack catalase/superoxide dismutase (ox damage susceptible); foul smell; diff to culture; produce gas in tissue; NF in GI tract clostridium + bacteriodes
34
obligate intracellular
rickettsia and chlamydia
35
aminoglycosides ineffective vs these bacteria
obligate anaerobics (bacterioides + clostridium) bc require O2 to enter cell
36
bacteria in burns, diabetes, nosocomial and CF pneumonia
pseudomonas - obligate aerobes (MOP)
37
facultative intracellular bacteria
some nasty bugs may live facultatively - salmonella,neisseria, brucella, mycobacterium, listeria, francisella, legionella, yersinia pests
38
catalase positive bugs
PLACESS for cats - psuedonomas, listeria, aspergillus, candidia, e coli, staph auerus, serratia catalase degrades H2O2 before it can be degraded by myeloperoxidase to microbicidal products CGD (NADPH oxidase deficient) susceptible to catalase positive because they degrade the limited H2O2
39
vaccines
``` protein conjugated to polysaccharide capsule antigen --> T cell activation - class switching conjugated = prevnar no conjugated protein = pneumovax conjugated vaccines = H flu type B + meningococcal ```
40
urea positive bugs
CHunk's PUNKSS | cryptococcus, h pylori, proteus, ureaplasma, nocardia, klebsiella, s. epidermidis + saprophyticius
41
yellow pigment
staph aureus
42
red pigment
serratia marcescens
43
yellow sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
44
blue-green pigment
pseudomonas aeruginosa
45
protein A
staph aureus | binds Fc region of Ig - prevents opsonization/phagocytosis
46
IgA proteus
SHiN - strep pneumo, h. flu type B, neisseria | cleaves IgA to colonize resp mucosa
47
M protein
group A strep | prevents phagocytosis
48
Endotoxin (Lipid A)
activates macrophages - IL1 (fever), TNF (fever/hypotension), NO (hypotension) activates complement - C3A (edema/hypotension) + C5A (neutrophil chemotaxis) activates TF - coag cascade (DIC)
49
Diptheria toxin
Corynebacterium diphtheria inhibits protein synthesis - inhibits EF2 pharyngitis w/ throat pseudomembrane and lymphadenopathy (bull neck)
50
Exotoxin A
Psuedonomas Aeruginosa: inhibits protein synthesis - inhibits EF2 *host cell death Strep Pyogenes: MHC II + TCR --> IFNy + IL2 --> shock *TSS = fever, rash, shock
51
Shiga-Toxin
Shigella inhibits protein synthesis - inactivates 60S GI mucosal damage --> dysentry enhances cytokine release - HUS
52
Shiga-like Toxin
EHEC (O157:H7) inhibits protein synthesis - inactivates 60S enhances cytokine release - HUS
53
Heat-labile toxin
ETEC - labile in the air -> watery diarrhea | increase fluid secretion -AC/cAMP - increase chloride secretion in gut and water efflux
54
Heat-stabile toxin
ETEC - stable on the ground -> watery diarrhea | increase fluid secretion - GC/gCMP - decrease NaCl/water resorption in gut
55
Edema factor
Bacillus anthracis increase fluid secretion - mimics AC enzyme edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax
56
cholera toxin
Vibrio cholerae increase fluid secretion - same as HLT (Gs) VOLUMINOUS RICE WATER DIARRHEA
57
pertussis toxin
Bordetella pertussis inhibit phagocytic ability - disable Gi and overactive AC/cAMP WHOOPING COUGH
58
tetanospasmin
Clostridium tetani - TIGHT cleave SNARE protein req for nt release inhibit release of GABA/glycine (inhib) lock jaw + muscle rigidity
59
botulinum toxin
Clostrium botulinum - floppy Baby cleave SNARE protein req for nt release inhibit release of Ach (stim) at NMJ flaccid paralysis
60
alpha toxin
Clostdium perfringes phospholipase degrades tissue and cell membranes degrade phospholipid C --> myonerosis (gas gangrene) + hemolysis (doubel zone of hemolysis on blood agar)
61
streptolysin O
Strep pyogenes protein degrades cell membranes lyse RBC, B-hemolysis anti-ASO ab = RF
62
TSST-1
Staph Aereus MHCII + TCR --> IFN-y and IL2 --> shock TSS - fever, rash, shock
63
Bacterial growth curve
lag phase - metabolic activity without division exponential growth phase - rapid cell division stationary phase - nutrient depletion slows growth death phase - prolonged nutrient depletion and buildup of waste products
64
what two drugs act on exponential growth phase
penicillins and cephalosporins - as peptidoglycans are being made
65
which phase does spore formation occur
stationary phase
66
ability to take up naked DNA from environment
transformation
67
conjugation
F+ x F- = replicate/ transfer plasmid (dsDNA) from F+ cell through pilus HFr X F- = transfer of plasmid and chromosomal genes
68
segment of DNA that can jump from one location to another
transposition
69
generalized transduction
packaging event = lytic phage --> cleaves bacterial DNA
70
specialized transduction
excision event = lysogenic phase --> viral DNA incorporates into bacterial chrom ABCDE - shigAlike toxin, botulinum toxin, cholera toxin, diptheria toxin, erythrogenic toxin (strep pyogenes)

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