Micro - mycology

Question 1

systemic mycoses general diseases

Answer 1

can cause pneumonia and can disseminate

can mimic TB (granuloma formation) but NO person-person transmission here

Question 2

systemic mycoses causes

Answer 2

dimorphic fungi - yeast in the beast (37degC), mold in the cold (20degC)

Question 3

the only systemic mycoses that is a spherule in the tissue

Answer 3

coccidiodomycosis

Question 4

systemic mycoses tx for local infection

Answer 4

fluconazole or itraconazole

Question 5

systemic mycoses tx for systemic infection

Answer 5

amphotericin B

Question 6

bird or bat droppings

Answer 6

histoplasmosis

Question 7

location of histoplasmosis

Answer 7

ohio and misissipi river valleys

Question 8

histoplasmosis causes and dx

Answer 8

pneuomnia

histo HIDES within the macrophages

Question 9

broad-base budding

Answer 9

blastomyces

Question 10

blastomycosis location

Answer 10

east of mississippi river and central america

Question 11

blastomycosis diseases

Answer 11

inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone
forms granulomatous nodules

Question 12

coccidioidomycosis location

Answer 12

SW US, cali

Question 13

coccidioidomycosis diseases

Answer 13

pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bones and skin

Question 14

case rate increases after earthquakes

Answer 14

coccidioidomycosis

spores in dust thrown up in air –> spherules in lungs

Question 15

san joaquin valley or desert (desert bumps) “valley fever”

Answer 15

coccidioidomycosis

Question 16

coccidiodomycosis dx

Answer 16

spherule filled with endospores (much larger than RBC)

Coccidio crowds

Question 17

paracoccidioidomycosis location

Answer 17

latin america

Question 18

captains wheel

Answer 18

paracoccidiodomycosis

Question 19

tinea versicolor bug

Answer 19

malassezia furfur

Question 20

tinea versicolor dx

Answer 20

spaghetti and meatball apperance on KOH prep

Question 21

tinea versicolor disease

Answer 21

degradation of lipids –> acids damage melanocytes –> hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches *hot, humid weather

Question 22

tinea versicolor tx

Answer 22

topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (selsun)

Question 23

tinea pedis

Answer 23

foot

Question 24

tinea cruris

Answer 24

groin

Question 25

tinea corporis

Answer 25

ringworm on body

Question 26

tinea capitis

Answer 26

head, scalp

Question 27

tinea unguium

Answer 27

onchymycosis, fingernails

Question 28

tineae

Answer 28

dermatophytes --> pruritic lesions w/ central clearing resembling a ring **mold hyphae in KOH prep

Question 29

candida albicans dx

Answer 29

alba = white | dimorphic yeast, pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20degC --> systemic or superficial fungal infection

Question 30

candida albicans diseases

Answer 30

canadian american - Erick DeCker on TV endocarditis (IVDA), diaper rash, disseminated cadidiases, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, thrust (esoph/oral in IC), vulvovaginitis (diabetes, ab)

Question 31

vaginal candida albicans dz tx

Answer 31

topical azole

Question 32

oral/esophageal c. albicans dz tx

Answer 32

flucanozole or capsofungin

Question 33

systemic c. albicans tx

Answer 33

flucanozole, amphotericin B, capsofungin

Question 34

aspergillus fumigatus

Answer 34

invasive aspergillosis - IC + CGD ABPA - asthma/CF TB infections --> aspergillomas in lung catvities

Question 35

aflatoxin

Answer 35

produced by some aspergillus | causes hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 36

aspergillus fumigatus dx

Answer 36

acute angles - septate hyphae branch at 45 degrees

Question 37

ACUTE ANGLE BRANCHING

Answer 37

aspergillosis

Question 38

india ink

Answer 38

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 39

soap bubble lesions in brain

Answer 39

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 40

cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 40

heavily encapsulated yeast | found in soil / pigeon droppings

Question 41

cryptococcus neoformans transmission

Answer 41

inhalation w/ hematogenous dissemination --> meninges

Question 42

cryptoccocus neoformas culture and stain

Answer 42

culture - sabourads agar stain - india ink latex agglutination test - polysaccharide capsular ag (specific)

Question 43

ketoacidotic diabetics

Answer 43

mucor

Question 44

mucormycosis

Answer 44

fungi prolif in BV w/ excess ketone/glucose --> cribiform plate --> brain **rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses

Question 45

black necrotic eschar on face

Answer 45

mucor

Question 46

pneumocystis jirovecii

Answer 46

PCP - diffuse interstitial pneumonia yeast - inhaled - asx predisposition = immunosuppresion (AIDS)

Question 47

pneuomcystis jirovecii dx

Answer 47

lung biopsy or lavage | dx - disc-shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

Question 48

CXR apperance of pneumocystic jirovecii

Answer 48

diffuse bilateral

Question 49

pneuomcystis jirovecii tx

Answer 49

TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone | prophylaxis CD4 < 200 in HIV

Question 50

sporothrix schenckii

Answer 50

dimporphic cigar-shaped budding yeast lives on vegetation

Question 51

rose gardeners disease

Answer 51

sporothrix schenckii - spores traumatically introduced into skin via thorn -> local pustule/ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics **ascending lympangitis

Question 52

sporothrix schenckii tx

Answer 52

plant a rose in the pot | itraconazole or potassium iodide