Micro - mycology Flashcards
systemic mycoses general diseases
can cause pneumonia and can disseminate
can mimic TB (granuloma formation) but NO person-person transmission here
systemic mycoses causes
dimorphic fungi - yeast in the beast (37degC), mold in the cold (20degC)
the only systemic mycoses that is a spherule in the tissue
coccidiodomycosis
systemic mycoses tx for local infection
fluconazole or itraconazole
systemic mycoses tx for systemic infection
amphotericin B
bird or bat droppings
histoplasmosis
location of histoplasmosis
ohio and misissipi river valleys
histoplasmosis causes and dx
pneuomnia
histo HIDES within the macrophages
broad-base budding
blastomyces
blastomycosis location
east of mississippi river and central america
blastomycosis diseases
inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone
forms granulomatous nodules
coccidioidomycosis location
SW US, cali
coccidioidomycosis diseases
pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bones and skin
case rate increases after earthquakes
coccidioidomycosis
spores in dust thrown up in air –> spherules in lungs
san joaquin valley or desert (desert bumps) “valley fever”
coccidioidomycosis
coccidiodomycosis dx
spherule filled with endospores (much larger than RBC)
Coccidio crowds
paracoccidioidomycosis location
latin america
captains wheel
paracoccidiodomycosis
tinea versicolor bug
malassezia furfur
tinea versicolor dx
spaghetti and meatball apperance on KOH prep
tinea versicolor disease
degradation of lipids –> acids damage melanocytes –> hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches *hot, humid weather
tinea versicolor tx
topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (selsun)
tinea pedis
foot
tinea cruris
groin
tinea corporis
ringworm on body
tinea capitis
head, scalp
tinea unguium
onchymycosis, fingernails
tineae
dermatophytes –> pruritic lesions w/ central clearing resembling a ring **mold hyphae in KOH prep
candida albicans dx
alba = white
dimorphic yeast, pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20degC –> systemic or superficial fungal infection
candida albicans diseases
canadian american - Erick DeCker on TV
endocarditis (IVDA), diaper rash, disseminated cadidiases, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, thrust (esoph/oral in IC), vulvovaginitis (diabetes, ab)
vaginal candida albicans dz tx
topical azole
oral/esophageal c. albicans dz tx
flucanozole or capsofungin
systemic c. albicans tx
flucanozole, amphotericin B, capsofungin
aspergillus fumigatus
invasive aspergillosis - IC + CGD
ABPA - asthma/CF
TB infections –> aspergillomas in lung catvities
aflatoxin
produced by some aspergillus
causes hepatocellular carcinoma
aspergillus fumigatus dx
acute angles - septate hyphae branch at 45 degrees
ACUTE ANGLE BRANCHING
aspergillosis
india ink
cryptococcus neoformans
soap bubble lesions in brain
cryptococcus neoformans
cryptococcus neoformans
heavily encapsulated yeast
found in soil / pigeon droppings
cryptococcus neoformans transmission
inhalation w/ hematogenous dissemination –> meninges
cryptoccocus neoformas culture and stain
culture - sabourads agar
stain - india ink
latex agglutination test - polysaccharide capsular ag (specific)
ketoacidotic diabetics
mucor
mucormycosis
fungi prolif in BV w/ excess ketone/glucose –> cribiform plate –> brain **rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses
black necrotic eschar on face
mucor
pneumocystis jirovecii
PCP - diffuse interstitial pneumonia
yeast - inhaled - asx
predisposition = immunosuppresion (AIDS)
pneuomcystis jirovecii dx
lung biopsy or lavage
dx - disc-shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue
CXR apperance of pneumocystic jirovecii
diffuse bilateral
pneuomcystis jirovecii tx
TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone
prophylaxis CD4 < 200 in HIV
sporothrix schenckii
dimporphic cigar-shaped budding yeast lives on vegetation
rose gardeners disease
sporothrix schenckii - spores traumatically introduced into skin via thorn -> local pustule/ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics **ascending lympangitis
sporothrix schenckii tx
plant a rose in the pot
itraconazole or potassium iodide