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Micro - mycology Flashcards

1
Q

systemic mycoses general diseases

A

can cause pneumonia and can disseminate

can mimic TB (granuloma formation) but NO person-person transmission here

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2
Q

systemic mycoses causes

A

dimorphic fungi - yeast in the beast (37degC), mold in the cold (20degC)

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3
Q

the only systemic mycoses that is a spherule in the tissue

A

coccidiodomycosis

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4
Q

systemic mycoses tx for local infection

A

fluconazole or itraconazole

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5
Q

systemic mycoses tx for systemic infection

A

amphotericin B

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6
Q

bird or bat droppings

A

histoplasmosis

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7
Q

location of histoplasmosis

A

ohio and misissipi river valleys

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8
Q

histoplasmosis causes and dx

A

pneuomnia

histo HIDES within the macrophages

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9
Q

broad-base budding

A

blastomyces

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10
Q

blastomycosis location

A

east of mississippi river and central america

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11
Q

blastomycosis diseases

A

inflammatory lung disease and can disseminate to skin and bone
forms granulomatous nodules

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12
Q

coccidioidomycosis location

A

SW US, cali

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13
Q

coccidioidomycosis diseases

A

pneumonia and meningitis; can disseminate to bones and skin

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14
Q

case rate increases after earthquakes

A

coccidioidomycosis

spores in dust thrown up in air –> spherules in lungs

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15
Q

san joaquin valley or desert (desert bumps) “valley fever”

A

coccidioidomycosis

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16
Q

coccidiodomycosis dx

A

spherule filled with endospores (much larger than RBC)

Coccidio crowds

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17
Q

paracoccidioidomycosis location

A

latin america

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18
Q

captains wheel

A

paracoccidiodomycosis

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19
Q

tinea versicolor bug

A

malassezia furfur

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20
Q

tinea versicolor dx

A

spaghetti and meatball apperance on KOH prep

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21
Q

tinea versicolor disease

A

degradation of lipids –> acids damage melanocytes –> hypopigmented/hyperpigmented patches *hot, humid weather

22
Q

tinea versicolor tx

A

topical miconazole, selenium sulfide (selsun)

23
Q

tinea pedis

24
Q

tinea cruris

25
Q

tinea corporis

A

ringworm on body

26
Q

tinea capitis

A

head, scalp

27
Q

tinea unguium

A

onchymycosis, fingernails

28
Q

tineae

A

dermatophytes –> pruritic lesions w/ central clearing resembling a ring **mold hyphae in KOH prep

29
Q

candida albicans dx

A

alba = white

dimorphic yeast, pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20degC –> systemic or superficial fungal infection

30
Q

candida albicans diseases

A

canadian american - Erick DeCker on TV
endocarditis (IVDA), diaper rash, disseminated cadidiases, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, thrust (esoph/oral in IC), vulvovaginitis (diabetes, ab)

31
Q

vaginal candida albicans dz tx

A

topical azole

32
Q

oral/esophageal c. albicans dz tx

A

flucanozole or capsofungin

33
Q

systemic c. albicans tx

A

flucanozole, amphotericin B, capsofungin

34
Q

aspergillus fumigatus

A

invasive aspergillosis - IC + CGD
ABPA - asthma/CF
TB infections –> aspergillomas in lung catvities

35
Q

aflatoxin

A

produced by some aspergillus

causes hepatocellular carcinoma

36
Q

aspergillus fumigatus dx

A

acute angles - septate hyphae branch at 45 degrees

37
Q

ACUTE ANGLE BRANCHING

A

aspergillosis

38
Q

india ink

A

cryptococcus neoformans

39
Q

soap bubble lesions in brain

A

cryptococcus neoformans

40
Q

cryptococcus neoformans

A

heavily encapsulated yeast

found in soil / pigeon droppings

41
Q

cryptococcus neoformans transmission

A

inhalation w/ hematogenous dissemination –> meninges

42
Q

cryptoccocus neoformas culture and stain

A

culture - sabourads agar
stain - india ink
latex agglutination test - polysaccharide capsular ag (specific)

43
Q

ketoacidotic diabetics

44
Q

mucormycosis

A

fungi prolif in BV w/ excess ketone/glucose –> cribiform plate –> brain **rhinocerebral, frontal lobe abscesses

45
Q

black necrotic eschar on face

46
Q

pneumocystis jirovecii

A

PCP - diffuse interstitial pneumonia
yeast - inhaled - asx
predisposition = immunosuppresion (AIDS)

47
Q

pneuomcystis jirovecii dx

A

lung biopsy or lavage

dx - disc-shaped yeast on methenamine silver stain of lung tissue

48
Q

CXR apperance of pneumocystic jirovecii

A

diffuse bilateral

49
Q

pneuomcystis jirovecii tx

A

TMP-SMX, pentamidine, dapsone

prophylaxis CD4 < 200 in HIV

50
Q

sporothrix schenckii

A

dimporphic cigar-shaped budding yeast lives on vegetation

51
Q

rose gardeners disease

A

sporothrix schenckii - spores traumatically introduced into skin via thorn -> local pustule/ulcer w/ nodules along draining lymphatics **ascending lympangitis

52
Q

sporothrix schenckii tx

A

plant a rose in the pot

itraconazole or potassium iodide

FA (13 decks)

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