Micro p. 182-186

Question 1

Antib. used prior to surgery to prevent S. aureus wound infections?

Answer 1

Cefazolin

Question 2

Antib. used for serious gram-negative infections resistant to other β-lactams?

Answer 2

ceftriaxone,
cefotaxime,
ceftazidime

Question 3

Antib. used for meningitis, gonorrhea,disseminated Lyme disease?

Answer 3

Ceftriaxone

Question 4

Antib. used against Pseudomonas?

Answer 4

Ceftazidime

Question 5

Antib. used for gram-negative organisms, with  activity against Pseudomonas and gram-positive organisms?

Answer 5

cefepime

Question 6

Antib. used for broad gram-positive and gram-negative organism coverage, including MRSA; does not cover
Pseudomonas?

Answer 6

ceftaroline

Question 7

Antib. that are β-lactam drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis but are less susceptible to penicillinases and
Bactericidal?

Answer 7

Cephalosporins

Question 8

Organisms typically not covered by cephalosporins are LAME:

Answer 8

Listeria, 
Atypicals
(Chlamydia, Mycoplasma), 
MRSA, 
Enterococci

Question 9

Mechanism of resistance of cephalosporins?

Answer 9

Structural change in penicillin-binding proteins

transpeptidases

Question 10

Antib. that is a broad-spectrum, β-lactamase–

resistant carbapenem?

Answer 10

Imipenem

Question 11

Inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase I?

Answer 11

cilastatin

Question 12

When are Carbapenems used and what do they cover?

Answer 12

life-threatening infections or after other drugs have failed. Gram-positive cocci, gram-negative rods, and
anaerobes

Question 13

which drug decr inactivation of drug in renal tubules?

Answer 13

cilastatin

Question 14

which Carbapenem has a low risk of seizures and is stable to dehydropeptidase I?

Answer 14

Meropenem

Question 15

Antib. for penicillin-allergic patients and those with renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycosides?

Answer 15

Aztreonam

Question 16

Aztreonam prevents peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to —-

Answer 16

penicillinbinding protein 3

Question 17

T or F? Aztreonam is synergistic with aminoglycosides and more susceptible to β-lactamases.

Answer 17

F. it is less susceptible to β-lactamases.

Question 18

T ot F? Aztreonam covers Gram-negative rods and has gram-positives or anaerobes.

Answer 18

F. Gram-negative rods only!

Question 19

T or F? Vancomycin treats Gram-positive and negative bugs and serious, multidrug-resistant organisms

Answer 19

F. treats only G + bugs only

Question 20

VRSA modifies which amino acid to which?

Answer 20

D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac.

Question 21

Which Antib. causes can cause misreading of mRNA and blocks translocation?

Answer 21

Aminoglycosides

Question 22

T ot F? Aminoglycosides reversibly inhibit initiation

complex through binding of the 30S subunit.

Answer 22

F. its irreversible

Question 23

Name all 3 MOA of Tobramycin:

Answer 23

• irreversible inhibition of initiation complex through binding of the 30S subunit.
• misreading of mRNA.
• Also block translocation.

Question 24

Which Aminoglycoside is used for bowel surgery?

Answer 24

Neomycin

Question 25

Aminoglycosides cover what kind of bugs?

Answer 25

Severe gram-negative rod infections

Question 26

Resistance against Aminoglycosides by bacterial transferase enzymes causes inactivation of 3 processes:

Answer 26

acetylation
phosphorylation
adenylation

Question 27

Which Antib. bind to 30S and prevent attachment of aminoacyl-tRNA?

Answer 27

Tetracyclines

Question 28

Why Tetracyclines are effective against Rickettsia and Chlamydia?

Answer 28

Drugs’ ability to accumulate intracellularly

Question 29

How is Doxycycline eliminated and what pts can benefit from it?

Answer 29

is fecally eliminated and can be used in patients with renal failure

Question 30

Tetracyclines should be avoided with what kind of products?

Answer 30

Do not take with:
milk (Ca2+),
antacids (Ca2+ or Mg2+),
iron-containing preparations

Question 31

—- can inhibit Tetracycline absorption in the gut.

Answer 31

divalent cations (like Ca2+, Mg2+,…)

Question 32

Tetracyclines can be resisted by decr uptake or incr efflux out of bacterial cells by —–

Answer 32

plasmid-encoded transport pumps

Question 33

Antib. that blocks peptide transfer (translocation) at 50S

ribosomal subunit?

Answer 33

Clindamycin

Question 34

Antib. that blocks peptidyltransferase (at 50S ribosomal subunit?

Answer 34

Chloramphenicol

Question 35

Tx for aspiration pneumonia, lung abscesses, oral

infections and invasive group A streptococcal infection?

Answer 35

Clindamycin

Question 36

—- treats anaerobic infections above the diaphragm
vs. —– anaerobic infections below
diaphragm.

Answer 36

Clindamycin, Metronidazole

Question 37

Mechanism of resistance against Chloramphenicol?

Answer 37

Plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase which inactivates drug.

Question 38

E. coli, Kelbsiella and all G+ bugs that produce B-lactamase can be treated with:

Answer 38

Imipenem

Question 39

2 Newer Carbapenems include:

Answer 39

Ertapenem

Doripenem

Question 40

MOA of quinupristin dalfopristin:

why used together?

Answer 40

Quinupristin: binds 50S => blocks elongation

Dalfopristin: binds 23S (of 50S) => changes conformation of ribosome => enhances binding to Quinpristin

Question 41

SE of Quinupristin Dalfopristin:

Answer 41

GI disturbance

muscle weakness