GI p. 342-346 Flashcards
extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds but not covered by peritoneum is called?
Gastroschisis
Foregut encompasses what structures?
pharynx to duodenum.
Midgut encompasses what structures?
duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
Hindgut encompasses what structures?
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line
persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum is called?
Omphalocele
(omphalocele) and gastroschisis are both due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal
wall?
Lateral fold closure
T or F? prox 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line is Forgot.
F. Hindgut
Pectus excavatum due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal wall?
Rostral fold closure
intestinal obstruction in newborn babies who have Down synd is due to failure to?
Duodenal atresia due to failure to recanalize. double buble sign.
—– to 2nd duodenum is Foregut.
pharynx
Ectopia vesicae is due to:
bladder exstrophy is due to Caudal fold closure failure
Bonus q: polyhydramnios is seen with which congenital intestinal abnormalities? (DM mother)
- Anenecephaly
- facial cleft
- Duodenal atresia
- Esophageal atresia
- Tracheoesophageal fistula
- Diaphragmatic hernias
—– to proximal 2/3 of —- is Midgut
Duodenum
transverse colon
Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with what other congenital anomaly?
Epispadias.
After delivery of a cyanotic baby, doctor fails to pass nasogastric tube into stomach.
Clinical test for TEF
At — midgut herniates through umbilical ring.
6th week
Cyanosis in TEF is 2° — to avoid reflux-related aspiration.
laryngospasm
At — midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around —-.
10th week
SMA
vascular accident can cause what 3 GI paths?
Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia
What is visible in abdomen as a result of TEF on CXR? why?
Air, bc air can enter stomach.
Which Tracheoesophageal anomalies shows gasless abdomen on CXR?
In pure EA
3 Pathologys due to malrotation of midgut,
- intestinal atresia or stenosis,
- volvulus
—- abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; Annular pancreas
ventral pancreatic bud
Pancreas divisum—ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at—–.
8 weeks
Spleen—arises in mesentery of stomach hence is —- but is supplied by —-.
mesodermal
foregut, celiac artery.
Retroperitoneal structures include —-
that lack a —- and non-GI structures.
GI structures
mesentery
what structures contribute to the pancreatic head?
Both the ventral and dorsal buds
Circumferential ectopic pancreatic tissue can cause what?
Stenosis of second part of duodenum
The dorsal pancreatic becomes what structures?
body, tail
isthmus
accessory pancreatic duct
what does SAD PUCKER stand for?
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands Aorta and IVC Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts) Pancreas (except tail) Ureters Colon (descending and ascending) Kidneys Esophagus (thoracic portion) Rectum (partially)
what part of pancreas is not a retroperitoneal structure?
Tail
Hepatoduodenal ligament encompasses what structures?
Portal triad:
Proper hepatic artery
Common bile duct
Portal vein
—- ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the right and — ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the Left.
Gastrohepatic
GastrospLenic
Describe the Pringle maneuver?
Hepatoduodenal ligament compressed between
thumb and index finger at the lesser border of omental foramen to control bleeding.
What structures are likely injured if the bleeding continues after pringe maneuver?
inferior vena cava or the hepatic vein
Which ligament may be cut during surgery to access lesser sac?
Gastrohepatic
Which ligament contains the tail of pancreas?
Splenorenal
This layer is called Serosa when its —-, Adventitia when it is —-.
intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
Layer containing muscularis mucosa?
Mucosa
Layer that contains Meissner nerve plexus and secretes fluid?
Submucosa
layer that contains Auerbach and is for motility?
Muscularis externa (Myenteric nerve plexus)
which GI structure has the fastest frequency of basal electric rhythm?
Duodenum—12 waves/min
T or F? Brunner glands are only found in duodenum.
T (hypertrophy)
Ulcers can extend into —- , inner or outer —–layer.
submucosa, muscular
which GI structure has the slowest frequency of basal electric rhythm?
Stomach—3 waves/min
Erosions are in which layer/s?
mucosal layer only
The only 2 digestive organs not containing crypts of Lieberkühn?
stomach and esophagus
Brunner glands location and function?
HCO3 secreting cells of submucosa
Which structure has the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine?
Illum
T or F? Peyer patches are found in the same structure as where vit B12 is absorbed.
T
which structure has crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi?
Colon
Describe the Superior mesenteric artery syndrome?
occurs when the transverse portion (third part)
of the duodenum is entrapped between SMA
and aorta, causing intestinal obstruction.
“Bifourcation” of abdominal aorta happens at what level?
L4
Arteries supplying GI structures branch —-. Arteries supplying non-GI structures branch —- .
anteriorly
laterally
Level of transverse portion (third part) of the duodenum?
L1 (Superior mesenteric artery syndrome)
Level Inferior mesenteric artery?
L3
Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse
colon is of which embryonic region?
Midgut
Which nerve is affected in chagas dz?
parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve
PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION of vagus nerve is at which levels?
T12 - L1
spleen is supplied by which artery?
Celiac
splenic flexure is a watershed region between — and —-.
SMA and IMA
Pharynx is only innervated by?
vagus nerve
upper portion of rectum is supplied by which artery?
IMA
Which structures in the intestine contain stem cells?
crypts of Lieberkühn
