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M2015/16 > GI p. 342-346 > Flashcards

GI p. 342-346 Flashcards

1
Q

extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds but not covered by peritoneum is called?

A

Gastroschisis

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2
Q

Foregut encompasses what structures?

A

pharynx to duodenum.

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3
Q

Midgut encompasses what structures?

A

duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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4
Q

Hindgut encompasses what structures?

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line

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5
Q

persistence of herniation of abdominal contents into umbilical cord, sealed by peritoneum is called?

A

Omphalocele

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6
Q

(omphalocele) and gastroschisis are both due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal
wall?

A

Lateral fold closure

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7
Q

T or F? prox 1/3 of transverse colon to anal canal above pectinate line is Forgot.

A

F. Hindgut

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8
Q

Pectus excavatum due to what type of defective closure of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Rostral fold closure

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9
Q

intestinal obstruction in newborn babies who have Down synd is due to failure to?

A

Duodenal atresia due to failure to recanalize. double buble sign.

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10
Q

—– to 2nd duodenum is Foregut.

A

pharynx

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11
Q

Ectopia vesicae is due to:

A

bladder exstrophy is due to Caudal fold closure failure

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12
Q

Bonus q: polyhydramnios is seen with which congenital intestinal abnormalities? (DM mother)

A
  • Anenecephaly
  • facial cleft
  • Duodenal atresia
  • Esophageal atresia
  • Tracheoesophageal fistula
  • Diaphragmatic hernias
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13
Q

—– to proximal 2/3 of —- is Midgut

A

Duodenum

transverse colon

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14
Q

Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with what other congenital anomaly?

A

Epispadias.

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15
Q

After delivery of a cyanotic baby, doctor fails to pass nasogastric tube into stomach.

A

Clinical test for TEF

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16
Q

At — midgut herniates through umbilical ring.

A

6th week

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17
Q

Cyanosis in TEF is 2° — to avoid reflux-related aspiration.

A

laryngospasm

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18
Q

At — midgut returns to abdominal cavity + rotates around —-.

A

10th week

SMA

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19
Q

vascular accident can cause what 3 GI paths?

A

Jejunal, ileal, colonic atresia

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20
Q

What is visible in abdomen as a result of TEF on CXR? why?

A

Air, bc air can enter stomach.

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21
Q

Which Tracheoesophageal anomalies shows gasless abdomen on CXR?

A

In pure EA

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22
Q

3 Pathologys due to malrotation of midgut,

A
  • intestinal atresia or stenosis,

- volvulus

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23
Q

—- abnormally encircles 2nd part of duodenum; Annular pancreas

A

ventral pancreatic bud

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24
Q

Pancreas divisum—ventral and dorsal parts fail to fuse at—–.

A

8 weeks

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25
Q

Spleen—arises in mesentery of stomach hence is —- but is supplied by —-.

A

mesodermal

foregut, celiac artery.

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26
Q

Retroperitoneal structures include —-

that lack a —- and non-GI structures.

A

GI structures

mesentery

27
Q

what structures contribute to the pancreatic head?

A

Both the ventral and dorsal buds

28
Q

Circumferential ectopic pancreatic tissue can cause what?

A

Stenosis of second part of duodenum

29
Q

The dorsal pancreatic becomes what structures?

A

body, tail
isthmus
accessory pancreatic duct

30
Q

what does SAD PUCKER stand for?

A 
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands 
Aorta and IVC
Duodenum (2nd through 4th parts)
Pancreas (except tail)
Ureters 
Colon (descending and ascending)
Kidneys
Esophagus (thoracic portion) 
Rectum (partially)
31
Q

what part of pancreas is not a retroperitoneal structure?

A

Tail

32
Q

Hepatoduodenal ligament encompasses what structures?

A

Portal triad:
Proper hepatic artery
Common bile duct
Portal vein

33
Q

—- ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the right and — ligament separates greater and lesser sacs on the Left.

A

Gastrohepatic

GastrospLenic

34
Q

Describe the Pringle maneuver?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament compressed between

thumb and index finger at the lesser border of omental foramen to control bleeding.

35
Q

What structures are likely injured if the bleeding continues after pringe maneuver?

A

inferior vena cava or the hepatic vein

36
Q

Which ligament may be cut during surgery to access lesser sac?

A

Gastrohepatic

37
Q

Which ligament contains the tail of pancreas?

A

Splenorenal

38
Q

This layer is called Serosa when its —-, Adventitia when it is —-.

A

intraperitoneal

retroperitoneal

39
Q

Layer containing muscularis mucosa?

A

Mucosa

40
Q

Layer that contains Meissner nerve plexus and secretes fluid?

A

Submucosa

41
Q

layer that contains Auerbach and is for motility?

A

Muscularis externa (Myenteric nerve plexus)

42
Q

which GI structure has the fastest frequency of basal electric rhythm?

A

Duodenum—12 waves/min

43
Q

T or F? Brunner glands are only found in duodenum.

A

T (hypertrophy)

44
Q

Ulcers can extend into —- , inner or outer —–layer.

A

submucosa, muscular

45
Q

which GI structure has the slowest frequency of basal electric rhythm?

A

Stomach—3 waves/min

46
Q

Erosions are in which layer/s?

A

mucosal layer only

47
Q

The only 2 digestive organs not containing crypts of Lieberkühn?

A

stomach and esophagus

48
Q

Brunner glands location and function?

A

HCO3 secreting cells of submucosa

49
Q

Which structure has the largest number of goblet cells in the small intestine?

A

Illum

50
Q

T or F? Peyer patches are found in the same structure as where vit B12 is absorbed.

A

T

51
Q

which structure has crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi?

A

Colon

52
Q

Describe the Superior mesenteric artery syndrome?

A

occurs when the transverse portion (third part)
of the duodenum is entrapped between SMA
and aorta, causing intestinal obstruction.

53
Q

“Bifourcation” of abdominal aorta happens at what level?

A

L4

54
Q

Arteries supplying GI structures branch —-. Arteries supplying non-GI structures branch —- .

A

anteriorly

laterally

55
Q

Level of transverse portion (third part) of the duodenum?

A

L1 (Superior mesenteric artery syndrome)

56
Q

Level Inferior mesenteric artery?

A

L3

57
Q

Distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse

colon is of which embryonic region?

A

Midgut

58
Q

Which nerve is affected in chagas dz?

A

parasympathetic branches of the vagus nerve

59
Q

PARASYMPATHETIC INNERVATION of vagus nerve is at which levels?

A

T12 - L1

60
Q

spleen is supplied by which artery?

A

Celiac

61
Q

splenic flexure is a watershed region between — and —-.

A

SMA and IMA

62
Q

Pharynx is only innervated by?

A

vagus nerve

63
Q

upper portion of rectum is supplied by which artery?

A

IMA

64
Q

Which structures in the intestine contain stem cells?

A

crypts of Lieberkühn

M2015/16 (27 decks)

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