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micro and A+P > micro lab 10-12 > Flashcards

micro lab 10-12 Flashcards

1
Q

This bacterium is the #1 most common cause of

food poisoning in our country:

A

Salmonella

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2
Q

This bacterium is #2–the second most common

cause of food poisoning in our country:

A

Campylobacter

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3
Q

Which G- rod causes a kind of food poisoning

called gastroenteritis?

A

Salmonella

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4
Q

Which G- rod causes a condition called

bacillary dysentery?

A

Shigella

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5
Q

What ingredients make MacConkey agar selective?

A

crystal violet and bile salts

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6
Q

What ingredients make MacConkey agar differential?

A

lactose and neutral red

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7
Q

What is the pH indicator used in MacConkey agar?

A

neutral red

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8
Q

MacConkey agar results:

growth and pink colonies

Conclusion?

A

-the bacterium must be G- because it grew

-the bacterium can break down lactose because

of the color change to pink

-the bacterium could be E. coli

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9
Q

MacConkey agar results:

growth and clear colonies

A

-the bacterium must be G- because it grew

-the bacterium cannot break down lactose because

there was no color change to pink

-the bacterum could be Salmonella enteritidis

or Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

What is the pH indicator used in TSI agar?

A

phenol red

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11
Q

In a TSI slant, how do you read these test results?

Glucose Lactose/Sucrose Gas H2S gas

A

Glucose: the bottom of the tube turns yellow if the bacteria

can break down glucose.

Lactose/Sucrose: the slant on top turns yellow if the

bacteria can break down lactose and sucrose.

Gas: bubbles and gas pockets are seen if the bacteria

produce a lot of hydrogen gas (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

H2S gas: a black color forms if the bacteria produce

H2S gas.

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12
Q

TSI slant results for E. coli:

Glucose

Lactose/Sucrose

Gas

H2S

A

E. coli:

Glucose: +

Lactose/Sucrose: +

Gas: +

H2S: -

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13
Q

TSI slant results:

bottom of the tube: yellow

slant: yellow

bubbles/gas pockets: yes

black color: no

A

The G- rod is E. coli.

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14
Q

TSI slant results for Salmonella enteritidis:

Glucose

Lactose/Sucrose

Gas

H2S

A

Salmonella enteritidis:

Glucose: +

Lactose/Sucrose: -

Gas: +

H2S: +

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15
Q

TSI slant results:

bottom of the tube: yellow

slant: red

bubbles/gas pockets: yes

black color: yes

A

The G- rod is Salmonella enteritidis.

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16
Q

TSI slant results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Glucose

Lactose/Sucrose

Gas

H2S

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa:

Glucose: -

Lactose/Sucrose: -

Gas: -

H2S: -

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17
Q

TSI slant results:

bottom of the tube: red

slant: red

bubbles/gas pockets: no

black color: no

A

The G- rod is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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18
Q

Tuberculosis: cause

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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19
Q

Acid-fast results: from sputum

Bacteria stained red

A

The patient has tuberculosis.

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20
Q

Acid-fast results: from sputum

bacteria stained blue

A

The patient has some type of pneumonia.

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21
Q

HIV testing: Indirect ELISA

A

Tests the patient for HIV antibodies in

their serum (plasma).

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22
Q

HIV testing: Western blot

A

Tests the patient for HIV epitopes in their blood.

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23
Q

HIV testing: Oral test

A

A home kit that is an indirect test. It uses a

swab specimen from the patient’s gums to

test for HIV antibodies.

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24
Q

HIV testing: Saliva test

A

A home kit that is an indirect test. It uses

a drop of saliva to test the patient for

HIV antibodies.

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25
Q

Alpha hemolysis: definition

A

Incomplete hemolysis; some RBC in the area have

been made to burst

26
Q

Alpha hemolysis: appearance

A

It appears discolored/greenish on a blood agar plate

where the bacteria are growing.

27
Q

Alpha hemolysis: example

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

28
Q

Beta hemolysis: definition

A

Complete hemolysis: all RBCs in the area have

been made to burst.

29
Q

Beta hemolysis: appearance

A

It appears clear on a blood agar plate where the

bacteria are growing.

30
Q

Beta hemolysis: example

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

31
Q

Nonhemolytic: definition

A

The bacteria do no hemolysis at all;

no RBCs are made to burst.

32
Q

Nonhemolytic: appearance

A

It still appears blood red on a blood agar plate

where the bacteria are growing.

33
Q

Nonhemolytic: example

A

Enterococcus

34
Q

Gram stain: Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

G+ coccus in pairs

35
Q

Gram stain: Streptococcus pyogenes

A

G+ coccus in chains

36
Q

Gram stain: Enterococcus

A

G+ coccus in chains

37
Q

Optochin test: clear zone

A

It is Streptococcus pneumoniae

38
Q

Optochin test: no clear zone

A

It is not Streptococcus pneumoniae.

39
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae: clinical significance

A

pneumonia, meningitis, middle ear infections

40
Q

Bacitracin test: clear zone

A

It is Streptococcus pyogenes

41
Q

Bacitracin test: no clear zone

A

It is not Streptococcus pyogenes.

42
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes: clinical significance

A

Strep throat, scarlet fever, Rheumatic fever

43
Q

Bile esculin test: growth, black

A

It is Enterococcus.

44
Q

Bile esculin test: no growth, no black

A

It is not Enterococcus.

45
Q

Enterococcus: clinical significance

A

UTI, Bacterial endocarditis

46
Q

Mannitol Salt agar: What ingredient(s) make it selective?

A

Salt (NaCl)

47
Q

Mannitol Salt agar: What ingredient(s) make it differential?

A

Mannitol sugar, phenol red

48
Q

Mannitol Salt agar results:

-Growth, stays red

A

-It must be a Staphylococcus because it grew

-It cannot break down mannitol sugar because it did not turn yellow.

-It must be Staphylococcus epidermidis.

49
Q

Mannitol Salt agar results:

Growth, turned yellow

A

-Must be a Staphylococcus because it grew

-It can break down mannitol sugar because it

did turn yellow.

-It could be Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus saprophyticus

50
Q

Gram stain: Staphylococcus epidermidis,

Staphylococcus aureus,

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

A

All species of Staphylococcus are a G+ coccus in clusters.

51
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis: Mannitol Salt agar results

A

-It grows because it is a Staphylococcus

-It stays red because it cannot break down Mannitol sugar

52
Q

Staphylococcus epidermidis: clinical significance

A

UTI and blood infections

53
Q

Staphylococcus aureus: Mannitol Salt agar results

A

-It grows because it is a Staphylococcus

-It turns yellow because it can break down mannitol sugar

54
Q

Staphylococcus aureus: Coagulase

A

Staphylococcus aureus is the only Staph that produces the

enzyme coagulase, which makes plasma clot.

55
Q

Coagulase test results: plasma clotted

A

It is Staphylococcus aureus

56
Q

Coagulase test results: plasma not clotted

A

It could be Staphylococcus epidermidis or

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

57
Q

Staphylococcus aureus: clinical significance

A

pimples, boils, skin abscess, food poisoning,

pneumonia, blood infections

58
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Mannitol Salt agar results

A

-It grows because it is a Staphylococcus.

-It turns yellow because it can break down Mannitol sugar

59
Q

Novobiocin test: clear zone

A

It could be Staphylococcus epidermidis or

Staphylococcus aureus.

60
Q

Novobiocin test: no clear zone

A

It must be Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

61
Q

Staphylococcus saprophyticus: clinical significance

A

UTI in females

micro and A+P (13 decks)

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