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micro and A+P > micro LAB 1 (1-3) > Flashcards

micro LAB 1 (1-3) Flashcards

1
Q

The prefix kilo means:

A

1,000 (one thousand)

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2
Q

The prefix centi means:

A

.01 (a hundredth)

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3
Q

The prefix milli means:

A

.001 (a thousandth)

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4
Q

The prefix micro means:

A

.000001 (a millionth)

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5
Q

The prefix nano means:

A

.000000001 (a billionth)

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6
Q

1 mL = ___________L

A

.001L

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7
Q

1 mg = _________ g

A

.001g

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8
Q

1 ug = ______________ g

A

.000001g

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9
Q

How many grams in a pound?

A

about 454

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10
Q

1 cm = _________m

A

.01m

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11
Q

1 mm = ___________ m

A

.001m

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12
Q

1 um = _______________m

A

.000001m

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13
Q

How many centimeters (cm) in an inch?

A

2.54

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14
Q

What is the size range (diameter) for bacteria?

A

.3-1.0 um

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15
Q

What is the size range (diameter) for viruses?

A

.02-.3 um

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16
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

186,000 miles/second

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17
Q

What unit is used to measure the wavelength

of light?

A

nanometers (nm)

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18
Q

The ocular magnifies

A

10x

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19
Q

The ______ focuses light rays to illuminate the specimen

A

Function: condenser

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20
Q

controls the amount of light reaching the specimen.

A

Function: iris diaphragm

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21
Q

improves the resolving power,

A

Function: violet filter

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22
Q

Magnification by itself: scanning objective

A

4X

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23
Q

Magnification by itself: low power objective

A

10X

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24
Q

Magnification by itself: high power objective

A

40X

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25
Q

Magnification by itself: oil objective

A

100X

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26
Q

Total magnification: scanning objective

A

40X

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27
Q

Total magnification: low power objective

A

100X

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28
Q

Total magnification: high power objective

A

400X

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29
Q

Total magnification: oil objective

A

1,000X

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30
Q

The image is both upside down and backwards

compared to the specimen.

A

Inversion: definition

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31
Q

Always move the slide in the exact opposite direction

you want the image to move.

A

Inversion: rule

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32
Q

As the magnification increases, the

field of view size decreases.

A

Field of view size: definition

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33
Q

Before you change to a higher power, you must center the image.

A

Field of view size: rule

34
Q

How well two adjacent points can be seen as

separate in a microscope.

A

Resolving power: definition

35
Q

What two things do we use to improve

the resolving power of our microscopes?

A

violet filter and oil

36
Q

In microscopes, the _____________ the wavelength,

the better the resolving power

A

lower

37
Q

What wavelength of light do we use for the slides

on our microscopes?

A

400 nm (violet light)

38
Q

What is the resolving power of our microscopes?

A

.2 um

39
Q

What does the resolving power calculation

actually mean?

A

It is the minimum distance two images must be

apart to be seen as separate.

40
Q

On our microscopes, two bacteria are .1 um apart.

What will we see?

A

They look like one big bacterium because they appear

muddled together.

41
Q

On our microscopes, two bacteria are .2 um apart.

What will we see?

A

Two separate bacteria like we are supposed to.

42
Q

On our microscopes, two bacteria are .3 um apart.

What will we see?

A

Two separate bacteria like we are supposed to.

43
Q

Darkfield microscope: how is it used

A

To see live microorganisms really well.

44
Q

Phase-contrast micoscope: how is it used

A

To see live microorganisms really well.

45
Q

Transmission electron microscope: 2 main uses

A

1) to study internal cell structures like mitochondria

2) to study viruses

46
Q

Scanning electron microscope: how is it used

A

To study external cell structures like cilia and flagella.

47
Q

Paramecium: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

48
Q

Paramecium: Kingdom

A

Kingdom Protista

49
Q

Paramecium: Group

A

Protozoans

50
Q

Paramecium: reproduce

A

An asexual process called binary fission

51
Q

Paramecium: move

A

cilia

52
Q

Paramecium: get food

A

by way of their oral groove

53
Q

Kingdom, Group, Genus, Reproduce

A

Kingdom: Protista

Group: Protozoans

Genus: Paramecium

Reproduce: an asexual process called binary fission

54
Q

Candida albicans: Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?

A

Eukaryotic

55
Q

Candida albicans: Kingdom

A

Kingdom: Fungi

56
Q

Candida albicans: reproduces

A

by an asexual process called budding

57
Q

Candida albicans: pseudohyphae

A

Pseudohyphae have no known function but only

one yeast produces pseudohyphae, and that

is Candida albicans.

58
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Coccus: a pair of cells

59
Q

Coccus: a chain of cells

A

Streptococcus

60
Q

Coccus: a cluster of cells

A

Staphylococcus

61
Q

Coccus: % motility of the group

A

0%

62
Q

Kingdom, Group, % motility of the group,

Scientific name

A

Kingdom: Monera Group: Coccus

% motility of the group: 0%

Scientific name: Staphylococcus epidermidis

63
Q

Kingdom, Group, % motility of the group,

Scientific name

A

Kingdom: Monera Group: Coccus

% motility of the group: 0%

Scientific name: Streptococcus pyogenes

64
Q

Bacillus: individual cells

A

E. coli

65
Q

Bacillus: a chain of cells

A

Bacillus cereus

66
Q

Bacillus: % motility of the group

A

50%

67
Q

Kingdom, Group, % motility of the group,

Scientific name

A

Kingdom: Monera Group: Bacillus

% motility of the group: 50%

Scientific name: Bacillus cereus

68
Q

Spiral: 1 arrangement

A

individual cells

69
Q

Spiral: % motility of the group

A

100%

70
Q

Sub-group Spirillum: motility, example

A

Motility: flagella

Example: Spirillum volutans

71
Q

Sub-group spirochetes: motility, example

A

Motility: axial filament

Example: Borrelia burgdorferi

72
Q

Kingdom, Group, Sub-group, Motility,

Scientific name

A

Kingdom: Monera Group: Spiral

Sub-Group: Spirillum Motility: flagella

Scientific name: Spirillum volutans

73
Q

Kingdom, Group, Sub-group, Motility,

Scientific name

A

Kingdom: Monera Group: Spiral

Sub-group: Spirochetes Motility: axial filament

Scientific name: Borrelia burgdorferi

74
Q

Endospores: function

A

To survive harsh conditions.

75
Q

Endospores can survive which harsh conditions?

A

Boiling water, no nutrients for years,

the home canning process

76
Q

Which 2 genus of bacteria produce endospores?

A

Bacillus and Clostridium

77
Q

Vegetative cell: definition

A

The entire bacterium which tends to

contain an endospore.

78
Q

Germination: definition

A

An endospore use DNA instructions and enzymes

to turn back into a vegetative cell.

79
Q

Can endospores secrete toxin?

A

no

80
Q

Can vegetative cells secrete toxin?

A

Yes

81
Q

The cold temperature of the refrigerator prevents

what two processes from happening?

A

Binary fission and the germination of endospores.

82
Q

What is the advantage of reheating

leftovers really well?

A

Reheating leftovers really well destroys all of

the toxin that causes food poisoning symptoms.

micro and A+P (13 decks)

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