micro exam 3 pq Flashcards
Which of the following is an example of amensalism?
streptomyces producing an antibiotic that that inhibits the growth of other microorganisms
Which of the following is the correct definition of therapeutic index?
ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose
Which of the following is FALSE about Clostrium difficile?
TcdC promotes expression of toxins A and B, TcdN is a negative regulator of toxins A and B
Describe the sporulation pathway with as few word as possible
Signaling cascade results in differentation of the mother cell into the forespore and the development of the spore structure
If region 2 of the RNA pairs with regions 3 of the RNA, then _____ stem loop forms.
nonterminating
If region 3 of RNA pairs with region 4 of the RNA, then _______ stem loops forms
Transcription terminates
Which are the four major cytokines, and what are their functions?
chemokines
hematopoietins
interleukins
tumor necrosis factor
Indicate the term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans?
parasitism
Describe what are the cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs)?
Three classes
1.linear, alpha helical peptides. Lack cysteine
2.definsins: open ended, rich in arginine and cysteine and disulfide linked; in neutrophils, intestinal paneth cells, and epithelial cells
3.larger peptides enriched in specific amino acids and repeats
What are the primary difference between Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like Receptors (NLRs)?
TLRs recognize extracellular PAMPs, NLRs recognize intracellular PAMPs
What is lysozyme and how does it exert its antimicrobial activity?
Lysozyme is an enzyme found i various bodily secretions. Natural antimicrobial agent.
involve its ability to hydrolyze peptidoglycan.
Name examples of Toll-like receptors are examples which of the following?
Describe the cationic antimicrobial pepetides (CAMPs) with as few words:
positively charged amino acids that inhibit bacterial growth
Name and describe antibody functions when encountering bacterial pathogens and or antigens
Describe the different mechanisms that drive antibody diversity
Class switching (IgM to IgG) splice site-variability (V1 V2 V3) somatic hypermutation