Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

spring 2024 > bich 2 exam final topics > Flashcards

bich 2 exam final topics Flashcards

1
Q

draw isopentyl pyrophosphate and what is the initial substrate?

A

one doc : initial substrate is Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and why it is a drug target for cholesterol-lowering medications

A

Inactivated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation (this is activated by glucagon (response to low blood glucose)
Protein degradation: high cholesterol increases the rate of degradation
Gene expression: mRNA levels depend on cholesterol: high cholesterol = low mRNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Structure of the lipoprotein complex that transports fat and cholesterol (powerpoint)

A

on doc
LDL transports lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

function of VLDL

A

(very low density lipoprotein) – carry lipids from liver to target sites (muscle and adipose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of LDL

A

(low density lipoprotein; highest in cholesterol) - major circulatory complex of cholesterol
and its esters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of HDL

A

(high density lipoprotein; smallest and densest; highest in protein) - mainly formed in ER
of liver cells (and some in intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

good vs bad chloesterol

A

High [HDL]: very little cholesterol or fatty acids requires pickup and disposal: Good!
High [LDL]: too much cholesterol and fatty acids are left over: Bad!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

recognize derivatives of cholestrol

A

look on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

draw glutamate dehydrogenase

A

on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

draw glutamine synthesis

A

on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the purpose of the urea cycle?

A

Uric cycle eliminates excess nitrogen from consumption and catabolism of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

draw the structure of urea and carbamoyl phosphate

A

on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the regulation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I?

A

Regulation: allosteric activation by N-acetylglutamate which is made through N-acetyl Glu synthesis caused by
Increased [glu] (by enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Purpose and reaction of aminotransferases in amino acid synthesis

A

converts an alpha-keto acid into an amino acid
shown on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

draw methionine metabolisms

A

on doc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does S-adenosylmethionine do?

A

universal methyl donor

17
Q

Function of tetrahydrofolate in methionine and serine metabolism

A

5-methyl-THF adds the methyl group back to methionine to remake methionine and make it a cycle.
In serine metabolism : THF accepts CH2OH to make 10-CH2OH-THF which is used in the adenosine synthesis pathway.

18
Q

name the three coenzymes that are used to transfer single carbons and state the type of reaction
they carry out

A

Tetrahydrofolate– carry different oxidation states: methyl, methylene, formyl

Biotin- carboxylation

S-adenosylmethionine- Methylation

19
Q

draw guanine and write where each atom came from on it

A

on doc

20
Q

Know the difference between de novo purine synthesis and purine salvage

A

De novo the purines are made as shown above (put together from parts of the reaction)

Salvage purines are free purinse recycled from diet and nucleic acid degradation

21
Q

Draw the reaction of adenine phophoribosyltransferase

A

on doc

22
Q

Draw the reactions (2) of hypoxanthine-guanine

A

on doc

23
Q

Draw Ribose 5’-phosphate

A

on doc

24
Q

Draw PRPP

A

on doc

25
Q

what does PRPP stand for?

A

5-phosphoribosyl-a(alpha)-pyrophosphate

26
Q

Draw the reaction of adenosine deaminase

A

on doc

27
Q

draw uric acid

A

on doc

28
Q

draw the reaction of ribonucleotide reductase

A

on slide

29
Q

what is the regulation and activity and specificity of ribonucleotide reductase?

A

Allosteric site::
ATP bound: ON
dATP bould: OFF
Substrate specificity: achieving optimal ratio of four dNTPs
Memorize specificity on doc!!!!

30
Q

Draw reaction of thymidylate synthase

A

on doc

31
Q

Draw reaction of dihydrofolate reductase

A

on doc

32
Q

Be able to explain why thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase are good drug targets for treating
cancer and microbial infections

A

Reduce dTTP availability → reduces DNA replication → stops rapidly dividing cells

33
Q

Lesh-Nyhan syndrome

A

X-linked recessive
Involuntary self harm
HGPRT deficiency (less salvage of guanine)
**over production of uric acid and entrance through de novo synthesis
Allopurinol inhibits degradation

34
Q

Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Mutation in adenosine deaminase that prevents adenosine degradation
Converted into dAMP into DATP which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase which makes dNTPs so cells
Divides until DNA synthesis is complete, no proliferation in response to pathogens
Bone marrow infusions

35
Q

Gout

A

Excess uric acid accumulation
Arthritis (3% of population)
Allopurinol (analog that inhibit xanthine oxidase (degradation)

spring 2024 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions