bich 2 exam final topics Flashcards
draw isopentyl pyrophosphate and what is the initial substrate?
one doc : initial substrate is Acetyl-CoA
Regulation of HMG-CoA reductase and why it is a drug target for cholesterol-lowering medications
Inactivated by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation (this is activated by glucagon (response to low blood glucose)
Protein degradation: high cholesterol increases the rate of degradation
Gene expression: mRNA levels depend on cholesterol: high cholesterol = low mRNA synthesis
Structure of the lipoprotein complex that transports fat and cholesterol (powerpoint)
on doc
LDL transports lipids
function of VLDL
(very low density lipoprotein) – carry lipids from liver to target sites (muscle and adipose)
function of LDL
(low density lipoprotein; highest in cholesterol) - major circulatory complex of cholesterol
and its esters
function of HDL
(high density lipoprotein; smallest and densest; highest in protein) - mainly formed in ER
of liver cells (and some in intestine)
good vs bad chloesterol
High [HDL]: very little cholesterol or fatty acids requires pickup and disposal: Good!
High [LDL]: too much cholesterol and fatty acids are left over: Bad!
recognize derivatives of cholestrol
look on doc
draw glutamate dehydrogenase
on doc
draw glutamine synthesis
on doc
what is the purpose of the urea cycle?
Uric cycle eliminates excess nitrogen from consumption and catabolism of amino acids
draw the structure of urea and carbamoyl phosphate
on doc
what is the regulation of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I?
Regulation: allosteric activation by N-acetylglutamate which is made through N-acetyl Glu synthesis caused by
Increased [glu] (by enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase and aminotransferases.
Purpose and reaction of aminotransferases in amino acid synthesis
converts an alpha-keto acid into an amino acid
shown on doc
draw methionine metabolisms
on doc