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My MOD 1 > Micro Basics > Flashcards

Micro Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive

A

look blue with crystal violet stain

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2
Q

Gram negative

A

look red from crystal violet stain and instead absorb safranin from the counterstain

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3
Q

Gram positive layers

A

2 layers: inner cytoplasmic membrane, outer peptidoglycan layer thick with extensive AA cross-linking
outer cell wall with complex cross-linked proteoglycan, teichoic acid, polysaccharides, and other proteins

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4
Q

Gram positive is missing…

A

NO endotoxin
NO periplasmic space
NO porin channel

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5
Q

Gram positive high or low lipid content?

A

Low

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6
Q

What kind of attacks are gram positive vulnerable to?

A

lysozyme and penicillin

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7
Q

Gram negative layers

A

3
inner cytoplasmic membrane
thin peptidoglycan layer with minimal AA cross linking
outer membrane with LPS

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8
Q

Gram negative high or low lipid content?

A

High

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9
Q

What do gram negative organisms have that gram positive ones do not?

A

endotoxin-LPS
periplasmic space
porin proteins

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10
Q

Gram negative LPS layers

A

outer: specific side chain (made of oligosaccharides) that are useful for Ags for the immune system to respond to
water soluble core polysaccharide
lipid A that is toxic to humans as the gram negative endotoxin; released as our immune system lyses the cells and allows it to be released

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11
Q

What kind of attacks are gram negative organisms resistant to?

A

lysozyme and penicillin

opposite of gram positive which is vulnerable to these attacks

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12
Q

Clinical relevance of the difference between gram +/-

A

gram + cell membranes have the ability to allow low molecular weight substances through like dyes and antibiotics, while the gram - does not, making them more resistant

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13
Q

4 main shapes of bacteria

A

cocci
bacilli
spiral forms
pleomorphic

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14
Q

Cocci

A

spherical

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15
Q

Bacilli

A

Rods

short rods are coccobacilli

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16
Q

Spiral forms

A

comma shaped, S-shaped, or spiral shaped

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17
Q

Pleomorphic

A

lacking a distinct shape (like jello)

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18
Q

7 classic gram positive bugs in humans

A 
Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Staphylococcus
Bacillus
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Listeria
19
Q

Gram positive cocci in humans

A

Form strips–>streptococcus, enterococcus

form clusters–>staphylococcus

20
Q

Gram positive rods in humans

A

produce spores–>bacillus, clostridium

no spores–>corynebacterium, listeria

21
Q

Gram negative cocci in humans

A

diplococcic
Neisseria
Moraxella

22
Q

Gram negative spiral shaped in humans

A

treponema
sorrelia
leptospira

23
Q

Other gram negatives in humans

A

rods or pleomorphic

24
Q

Mycobacteria

A

weakly gram +, stain better with acid fast

25
Q

Spirochetes

A

have a gram - cell wall, too small to be seen on light microscope, better with dark field
have a few exposed membrane proteins and hidden internal periplasmic flagella

26
Q

Mycoplasma

A

no cell wall, only cell membrane so are neither gram - or +

27
Q

Bacterial DNA

A

circular and can send out small circles called plasmids

28
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes

A

70S with a 50S and 30S subunit

29
Q

Eukaryotic ribosomes

A

80S

30
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

use all of the same O2 energy gaining mechanisms that humans use
possess catalase, SOD, and peroxidase

31
Q

Facultative anaerobes

A

prefer to use O2 like humans, but can also go to fermentation if need be to live
possess catalase and SOD

32
Q

Microaerophilic

A

use only fermentation and can only survive a little O2 with the help of SOD

33
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

have no defense against O2

34
Q

Catalase

A

allows for H2O2 to be broken down to water and O2

35
Q

All staph related to Catalse

A

catalase positive

36
Q

All strep related to Catalase

A

catalase negative

37
Q

Gram positive facultative aerobes

A

bacillus cereus

38
Q

Gram positive facultative anaerobes

A

staph
bacillus antracis
cornyebacterium
listeria

39
Q

Gram positive microaerophilic

A

enterococcus

strep (some are facultative)

40
Q

Gram positive obligate aerobes

A

clostridium

prefer puncture wounds

41
Q

Gram negative obligate aerobes

A 
Neisseria
pseudomonas
bordetella
legionella
brucella
42
Q

Gram - facultative anaerobes

A

most other gram - rods

43
Q

Gram - microaerophilic

A

spirochetes–>treponema, borrelia, leptospira

campylobacter

44
Q

Gram - obligate anaerobes

A

bacteroides

My MOD 1 (13 decks)

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