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My MOD 1 > Chapter 1 GF's and Receptors > Flashcards

Chapter 1 GF's and Receptors Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Growth factors

A

stimulate activity of genes that are required for growth and division

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2
Q

Non-growth activities of growth factors

A

migration, differentiation, synthetic capacity

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3
Q

What produces EGF and TGF alpha

A

macrophages, epithelial cells, salivary glands, keratinocytes

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4
Q

Receptors for EGF and TGF alpha contain what

A

intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity

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5
Q

EGFR1 (ERB-B1)

A

transmembrane receptor located on surface of epithelial cells
binds EGF and TGF alpha
once bound, regulates cell proliferation and differentiation

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6
Q

Mutations of EGFR1

A

can lead to lung, head, neck, breast, and brain cancers

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7
Q

ERB-B2 (HER2)

A

overexpressed in breast cancers

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8
Q

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) functions

A

mitogenic for keratinocytes and fibroblasts
stimulates keratinocyte migration
stimulates formation of granulation tissue

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9
Q

Functions of TGF alpha

A

stimulates proliferation of hepatocytes

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10
Q

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) production

A

aka scatter factor
produced by fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, endothelium, and non-hepatocyte liver cells
synthesized as a precursor pro-HGF activated by serine proteases released at sites of injury

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11
Q

What is the receptor for HGF?

A

MET
has intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity
overexpressed or mutated in renal tumors and thyroid papillary carcinomas

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12
Q

HGF functions

A

enhances proliferation of hepatocytes
increases cell motility
causes tissue differentiation during development (morphogen)
enhances hepatocyte survival

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13
Q

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms

A

AA, AB, BB–>always ctive

CC, DD must be activated via proteolytic cleavage

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14
Q

PDGF storage and release

A

stored in platelet granules and released when platelets are activated

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15
Q

PDGF production

A

platelets, activated macrophages, endothelium, tumors, keratinocytes

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16
Q

2 PDGF receptors

A

PDGFR alpha and beta

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17
Q

PDGF functions

A

chemotactic for neutrophils, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (recruitment after injury)
activates and stimulates proliferation of fibroblasts and endothelial cells
stimulates ECM protein synthesis

18
Q

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production

A

mesenchymal cells

19
Q

Isoforms of VEGF

A

A, B, C, D, and PIGF (placental growth factor)

homodimeric proteins

20
Q

VEGF-A

A

major angiogenic factor after injury and for tumors

induces angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and formation of vascular lumen

21
Q

VEGF-B and PIGF

A

important for embryological vessel development

22
Q

VEGF-C/D

A

important for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis

23
Q

What is the most potent inducer for VEGF production?

A

hypoxia via hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1)

other inducing factors at sites of injury are PDGF and TGF-alpha

24
Q

Receptors for VEGF

A

VEGFR-1,2,3 (RTK’s)

VEGFR-2 is found in the endothelium and is the most important for angiogenesis

25
Q

When is VEGF production targeted?

A

cancers, macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and diabetic macular edema
anti-VEGF used in macular degeneration

26
Q

What can soluble versions of VEGF lead to?

A

preeclampsia

27
Q

VEGF functions

A

stimulates proliferation of fenestrated endothelial cells

increases vascular permeability

28
Q

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)

A

associated with heparan sulface once released into the ECM and wait there for injury to occur

29
Q

FGF production

A

macrophages, mast cells, and endothelial cells

30
Q

FGF receptor

A

FGFR 1-4

31
Q

2 types of FGF

A

FGF-1: acidic

FGF-2: basic

32
Q

KGF/FGF-7

A

also a kerinocyte
produced from fibroblasts
stimulates keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and differentiation

33
Q

FGF functions

A

chemotactic and mitogenic for fibroblasts
stimulates angiogenesis
stimulates ECM protein synthesis for wound healing
hematopoeisis
development

34
Q

TGF-beta isoforms

A

1,2,3, but TGF-Beta 1 is the most widespread

35
Q

TGF-beta production

A

platelets, endothelium, mononuclear inflammatory cells, T cells, macrophages, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells

36
Q

Does TGF-beta require proteolysis to become active?

A

yes

37
Q

2 receptors of TGF-beta

A

TGF-beta receptor I and II
have threonine/serine kinase activity
cause activation of tumor factors called smads via phosphorylation
activated smads–>smad4 heterodimer: allows for nuclear translocation for suppression/activation of DNA

38
Q

TGF-beta pleiotropic activity

A

can cause actions that contradict each other

39
Q

TGF-beta functions

A

drives scar formation

wound healing

40
Q

Scar formation via TGF-beta

A

stimulates production of collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans, inhibit collagen degradation, increase tissue inhibitors of proteases (TIMPs)

41
Q

Wound healing via TGF-beta

A

chemotactic for leukocytes and fibroblasts
stimulates ECM protein synthesis
suppresses acute inflammation–>limits inflammatory response

My MOD 1 (13 decks)

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