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My MOD 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins

A 
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
inhibits PCP (transpeptidase) which cross-links in the cell wall
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2
Q

PBP

A

Penicillin binding protein

Transpeptidase

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3
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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4
Q

Penicillinase resistant penicillins

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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5
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

A

piperacillin
always paired with tazobactam
cell wall synthesis inhibitors
competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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6
Q

first gen cephalosporins

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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7
Q

When do first gen cephalosporins work best?

A

rapidly proliferating bacteria

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8
Q

Second gen cephalosporins

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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9
Q

Cephamycins

A

classified with 2nd gen cephalosporins

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10
Q

Third gen cephalosporins

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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11
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

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12
Q

Fourth gen cephalosporin

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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13
Q

Cefepime

A

4th gen cephalosporin

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14
Q

Fifth gen cephalosporins

A

same as others

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15
Q

Carbapenems

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors; competitively inhibit transpeptidase

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16
Q

Monobactams

A

binds and inhibits gram (-) specific sub-type of transpeptidase; cell wall synthesis inhibited

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17
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Bind D-alanyl-D-alanine terminus of cell wall precursor units, inhibiting transglycosylase and preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycans
damages cell wall

18
Q

Vancomycin

A

glycopeptide

19
Q

Lipoglycopeptides

A

same as glycopeptides, but also dimerize and embed their lipid structure into the bacterial cell membrane
get improved binding and increased potency

20
Q

Oritavancin/telavancin

A

lipoglycopeptide; directly disrupt cell membrane; act faster

21
Q

Beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Not actually antibiotics; inhibit beta lactamase

22
Q

Tazobactam

A

beta lactamase inhibitor

23
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

protein synthesis inhibitor
bind the P site on 50s ribosomal subunit, prevents initiation via prevention of fMET
Bacteriostatic

24
Q

Macrolides

A

bind reversibly to 50s subunit preventing translocation of tRNA from A to P site–>halts protein synthesis
induce conformational change to inhibit transpeptidation
inhibit formation of 50s
bacteriostatic

25
Q

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, azithromycin, fidaxomicin

A

Macrolides

26
Q

Ketolides

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

27
Q

Streptogramins

A

inhibit protein synthesis
bind 50S
inhibits elongation and induces early termination
conformational change

28
Q

Tetracyclines

A

inhibit protein synthesis
bind 30S and prevents aminoacyl tRNA from entering A site
prevents elongatin
Bacteriostatic

29
Q

Glycycyclines

A

same as tetracyclines

30
Q

Aminoglycosides

A 
inhibit protein synthesis
fix 50S and 30S to AUG
inhibit translation
promote early termination
induce errors
bactericidal
31
Q

What do all aminoglycosides end in?

A

-mycin

32
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit transcription and replication by inhibiting bacterial topoisomerase II-gram (+) bacteria
block cell division by inhibiting DNA topoisomerase IV-Gram (-) bacteria

33
Q

What do all fluoroquinolones end in?

A

-oxacin

34
Q

Sulfonamides

A

acts as a competitive mimic of PABA to inhibit dihydropteroate synthase–>cannot make dihydrofolic acid from PABA
bacteriostatic

35
Q

Benzylpyrimidines

A

comp inhibitor of dyhydrofolate reductase, which converts dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
disrupts purine synthesis/bacterial DNA

36
Q

Bactrim

A

Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

37
Q

Polymixins

A

disrupt gram (-) membrane
act as cationic detergents
bind and inactive endotoxin
Bactericidal

38
Q

What are all of the bacteriostatic drug classes?

A 
Oxazolidinones
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Glycylcyclines
Aminoglycosides
Sulfonamides
Polymixins
39
Q

What is the primary abx for staph once MRSA is ruled out?

A 
Penicillinase resistant penicillin
poor gram (+) coverage
40
Q

What do 3rd gen cephalosporins cover more of?

A

Gram (-), so less gram (+)

41
Q

What does 4th gen cephalosporins also cover on top of 3rd?

A

P. aeruginosa

42
Q

What drugs are bactericidal against strep?

A

Oxazolidinones

Streptogramins

My MOD 1 (13 decks)

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