Micro - Adenovirus

Question 1

Key characteristic of adenovirus

Answer 1

Respiratory, ocular, GI infections

Question 2

Which AdV infection occurs in isolation of the other two?

Answer 2

GI infection 
(can have pharyngotracheal infections but GI serotypes don't cause respiratory/ocular sx)

Question 3

AdV is (enveloped, nonenveloped) (RNA+, RNA-, DNA)

Answer 3

Nonenveloped DNA

only AdV and rhinovirus aren’t enveloped

Question 4

Seasonality of AdV

Answer 4

Winter to spring

like flu and hPIV3

Question 5

Consequence of AdV being nonenveloped?

Answer 5

Resistant to detergent, low pH of stomach, alcohol, and can live for long time outside body in water

Question 6

Transmission of AdV

Answer 6

Water droplets via inhalation, fecal-oral route, direct inoculation

Question 7

AdV 4-7

Answer 7

Linked to ARDS in military recruits; only strains for which there is a vaccine

Question 8

AdV 36-37

Answer 8

May cause obesity

Question 9

AdV 40-41

Answer 9

Linked to GI infections

Question 10

Eye + nose symptoms =

Answer 10

AdV!!!

Question 11

What is unique about recovery from AdV infection?

Answer 11

AdV can persist in lymphoid tissues, i.e. tonsils, ADENOids, Peyer’s patches for 6-18 months

Question 12

What kind of tissue damage does AdV cause?

Answer 12

Epithelial cell necrosis and inflammation

Question 13

2 virulence factors of AdV

Answer 13

1. Capsid penton protein - attachment protein responsible for toxic effects
2. Hexon protein - elicits complement-fixing Abs but doesn’t confer immunity, just aids in testing

Question 14

What is significant about penton-specific Abs?

Answer 14

Confer immunity for life + can be used diagnostically to determine serotype of AdV

Question 15

Sx of respiratory AdV infx?

Answer 15

Fever, cough, sore throat

Question 16

Sx of ocular AdV infx?

Answer 16

Sand in eyes + runny nose

Question 17

Sx of GI AdV infx?

Answer 17

N/V

Diarrhea

Question 18

How to dx AdV

Answer 18

1. Culture
2. Penton-specfic Abs = serotype
3. Complement fixation assay for hexon-specific Abs = whether it’s AdV
4. Hemagglutinin inhibition assay

Question 19

Why do hemagglutinin inhibition assay for AdV?

Answer 19

Some serotypes have penton proteins that can cause RBCs to clump

Question 20

Tx of AdV?

Answer 20

Supportive

Live attenuated vaccin of AdV 4-7 to prevent ARD in military recruits only

Question 21

Who does AdV most commonly infect?

Answer 21

Young children

Question 22

Where does AdV replication occur?

Answer 22

Nucleus, initially at site of infx (pharynx, conjunctivae, intestine)
(same as influenza)

Question 23

What defines an AdV serotype?

Answer 23

Type of penton protein

Question 24

Where would one contract AdV that causes conjunctivitis?

Answer 24

Inadequately chlorinated swimming pool

Question 25

Who gets GI infection from AdV?

Answer 25

Kids

Question 26

Where would one contract AdV that causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis?

Answer 26

Contaminated eye drops

Question 27

Who is at greatest risk for respiratory illness caused by AdV?

Answer 27

Children < 3 yo

Question 28

Sore throat + inflamed eye =

Answer 28

Pharyngoconjunctival fever

Question 29

AdV is second most common cause of:

Answer 29

GI tract infx in kids, behind rotavirus

Question 30

Characteristic of AdV in culture?

Answer 30

Severe cytopathic effects on cells within 2-5 days

Question 31

Why is it difficult to determine AdV as cause of infection?

Answer 31

It can persist for months, so detection of AdV doesn’t necessarily mean it’s the cause of current infection

Question 32

What is required to etermine AdV as cause of infection?

Answer 32

Comparison of acute vs. convalescent serum with titer 4x higher in convalescent serum

Question 33

How is AdV vaccine formulated?

Answer 33

Enveloped so it’s released slowly from GI tract to cause subclinical infection so immunity is built