Micro - Acinetobacter baumannii Flashcards
Good vs. bad thing about opportunistic infections
Low virulence but hard to eradicate
When should Abx not be used?
When a strain is colonizing but not infecting
Acinetobacter baumannii is (G+, G-) (aerobic, anaerobic) (shape)
G-, aerboic, bacillus
Where do most A. baumannii infections occur?
Hospital
Where do community-acquired A. baumannii infections occur?
Southeast Asia and Australia (in pt with COPD, DM, renal failure, smoking or acoholic hx)
Where does Acinetobacter live?
Water sources (think IV/irrigation devices)
What is unique about Acinetobacter?
INHERENTLY multi-drug resistant
Virulence factor of A. baumennii
OMP38 (outer membrane protein 38, remember it’s G-) –> causes apoptosis of laryngeal epithelial cells by releasing cytochrome c and apoptosis inducible factor –> cytochrome c and AIF enter epithelial cell nucleus and degrade DNA
5 diseases caused by A. baumannii
- Pneumomia
- UTI
- Skin wound
- Bacteremia
- Meningitis
3 ways in which A. baumannii is untreatable
- Inherent multi-drug resistance
- Efflux pumps
- Integrons with potential to confer more drug resistance
Ways in which A. baumannii can enter body
- Inhalation (Wind = ventilator)
- Skin (Wound)
- Blood (Wire = catheter)
- Urinary tract (Water = catheter)
- Surgery, shunt, drain leading to meningitis
Sx of Acinetobacter infection
- Fever
- Stiff neck, sleepiness, HA (meningitis)
- CP, dyspnea, cough (pneumonia)
- Redness, swelling, pain, heat of skin (wound)
- Dysuria (UTI)
- Area of orange, bumpy blisters
Where does A. baumannii typically colonize a human?
Skin
colonization of nares, throat, GI rare
Who is susceptible to HA Acinetobacter?
Elderly, critically ill, trauma, burn, those in hospitals which frequently prescribe Abx, invasive procedures, ventilators, extended stays
3 ways to diagnose A. baumannii
- Culture (blood, sputum, wound)
- CXR
- Lumbar puncture (meningitis)
