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Medical Imaging > Mi 116 Unit 4 > Flashcards

Mi 116 Unit 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Social determinants of health ( sodh)

A

The conditions in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and qualify of life outcomes and risks

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2
Q

5 domains of SODH

A

Economic stability
Education access and quality
Health care access and quality
Neighborhood and built environment
Social and community context

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

Relative constancy in the internal environment of the body
Naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival
( heartbeat, bp, body temp, electrolyte balance )

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4
Q

When are vital signs needed for RTs

A

Change in condition, suspected dye reaction, following a fall

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5
Q

What are the oral, rectal, and axillary tempts

A

Oral- 98. 6
Rectal- 99.6
Axillary - 97.6

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6
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Body’s maintenance of heat production and loss
Hypothalamus plays a role in preservation of heat and heat loss

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7
Q

5 routes for taking temperatures

A

Oral, axillary, rectal, tympanic, temporal

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8
Q

Hyperthermia, hypothermia, and medically induced

A

Hyper- oral temp higher than 99.5
Hypo - temp fall below normal range
Med induced - therapeutically decrease body’s need for oxygen

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9
Q

Ventilation

A

Mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs
The gas exchange is needed for survival
Inspiration (rise) and expiration (fall)

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10
Q

Adult, children, and new born beats per minute

A

Adult- 12-20
Children - 20-30
Babies- 30-60

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11
Q

Significance of respiratory rate abnormality

A

Cellular metabolism increases= demand for O 2 increases= production of CO2 increase= increase respiratory rate
Tachypnea - respiratory rates greater than 20 breaths per minute ( exercise, fever, anxiety )
Bradyphea- decrease in the respiratory rate

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12
Q

Dyspnea

A

Difficulty breathing

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13
Q

Orthophea

A

Difficulty breathing unless sitting up or standing erect

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14
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of spontaneous ventilation
Usually suddenly

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15
Q

Common palpation for pulse

A

Radial artery, brachial artery, carotid artery

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16
Q

How to measure pulse

A

2nd and 3rd digits placed over pulse point ( can’t use thumb)
Normal adult rate is 60-100
Children rate is 70-120

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17
Q

In critical care setting what do you use

A

Use pulse oximeter
use probe
normal value- 95%-100%

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18
Q

Systolic and diastolic

A

Systolic- contraction of heart
Diastolic - relaxation of heart

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19
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Cuff, tubing, a valve, a bulb and a manometer attached to the cuff

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20
Q

How to read bpm

A

Recorded in millimeters of mercury
Systolic/ diastolic
Adult normal values: systolic less then 120 mm HG
Diastolic less then 80 mm HG

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21
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistent elevation of blood pressure above 140/90 mm HG
Moderate degree of hypertension can cause damage to heart, brain, kidneys, lungs, and other organ system
Higher in men then women
Symptoms may not exist

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22
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure
Less than 95/60 mm HG
Concerns: dizziness, confusion, or blurred vision
Usually not problematic
Could be from shock

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23
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

BP that falls 20 mm Hg or more when a patient sits or stands

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24
Q

Pain

A

Pain is protective - warning us of a potential problem/ injury of the body
My pain is different from your pain

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25
Q

Oxygen

A

Oxygen is a drug
Physician must prescribe
Order in liters per minute
Concentration such as 24%
Under no circumstance should O2 be completely removed to take an X-ray

26
Q

Oxygen delivery devices

A

Too much oxygen is not good
Oxygen flow mete - reducing valve that permits flows safe for patient use
Flowmeter- operate the rate of O2 flow in liters per minute to the patient
pressure manometer- indicates pressure or volume of O2 inside the canister
<1000 PSI has to be replaced with a new tank

27
Q

Low flow and high flow

A

Low flow (variable oxygen concentration) - amount of inhaled O2 varies with patient respirations, more concentrated with short shallow breaths
High flow (fixed or precise oxygen concentration)- meets or exceeds oxygen needs of patient

28
Q

Low flow devices, nasal cannula and mask

A

Nasal cannula- short prongs inserted into the nares, usual rates 1-4 LPM, delivers 24%-36% O2-
Mask- simple, nonrebreathing and partial rebreathing, may have to add humidity once we add level 4, delivers 60-80% oxygen (reservoir bag has to be inflated at all times)

29
Q

Nebulizer

A

Aerosol mist with precise O2 concentration
At least 8 LPM (28%-100%)
Can. E used to administer meds

30
Q

Tent and oxyhood

A

Pediatrics
Tent- difficult controlling O2 concentrations (opening and closing )
Oxyhood- used on infants, box that fits over infants head (21%-100%)

31
Q

Ventilator

A

Artificial airway due to a patient being unable to supply adequate O2 to tissues
Delivers a minimum said, respiratory rate present inspiratory, volume inconsistent FiO2
Do you not dislodge airway what position patient do not silence alarms or alter them

32
Q

Oxygen placements

A

Oxygen tanks cannot be stored within 5 feet of an electrical outlet. Tanks
must be secured on a rack or portable carrier,
dropping or cracking tint could be dangerous & never take regular oxygen tank into MRI

33
Q

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

Reveals important information about how well your kidneys and liver are working
Normal adult range: 10-20 mg/dL
Elderly: slightly higher than adult
Infant: 5-18 mg/dL
Newborn: 3-12 mg/dL

34
Q

Creatinine

A

Chemical waste product that’s produced by your muscle metabolism into a smaller extent by eating meat
How much kidney damage there is
Normal: 0.6-1.2 mg/ dL
Critical value >4 mg/dL

35
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

Test use to check how well the kidneys work
Normal: 90-120 mL/min
GFR is used to stage renal disease- less than 15 GFR

36
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Males higher then females
A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

37
Q

Red blood cells

A

What does that tells how many red blood cells do you have
Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells
Female: 4.2-5.4 million cells

38
Q

Oxygen saturation

A

Arterial blood gas test involves inserting a in the needle artery, most of the one in your wrist

39
Q

Prothrombin

A

Test measures how quickly your blood clots
Associate with warfarin if it’s was working properly
Vitamin k
Normal range : 11-13.5

40
Q

Partial thromboplastin time

A

Basically prothrombin
associate with heperin
blood test that looks at how long it takes for a blood to clot it can help tell if you have bleeding or clotting problems 

41
Q

Kidney or renal function

A

How efficiently the kidneys filter blood


42
Q

Cardiac output

A

Vital event necessary to maintain blood flow throughout the cardiovascular system
Need accurate blood volume 

43
Q

Intravenous administration

A

Advantage: instantaneous effect of drug is wanted
Disadvantage: most hazardous route.. difficult to retrieve from circulatory system, drug can be damaging to body tissue if injected into them

44
Q

3 methods of intravenous drug administration

A

Infusion, intermittent infusion, direct injection

45
Q

Infusion

A

Infusion of a large volume of fluid over a certain amount of time
Sometimes called drip

46
Q

Intermittent infusion

A

Main thing about this is timing
Set a fusion of a volume of fluid medication or a set period of time at prescribed intervals, and then stopped until the next dose is required
May be called : piggyback, secondary med, mini bag med

47
Q

Direct injection

A

Used for single administration
Hand injection: pushed in manually by hand
Automatic power injection: used in ct and mri

48
Q

Site of administration

A

Peripheral: IV administration is through a short catheter in a peripheral site (short term use)
Central: IV administration is through a longer catheter that it’s tip end in the SVC(long term use)

49
Q

Veins in antecubital space

A

Advantage: accessible, large and easy
Disadvantage: frequently used and motion of joint could cause dislodgment and injury

50
Q

Syringe

A

Standard hypodermic, insulin, tuberculin , pre-filled syringe
Tip, barrel, and plunger

51
Q

Needle

A

Hub, shaft, bevel
Sized according to length and gauge (hub connects to syringe)

Angiocath, venous catheter - used for repeated or continuous IV use; two part stste

52
Q

Butterfly

A

Short term use, wings aid with insertion and anchoring

53
Q

Hypodermic

A

Single use, small injections

54
Q

Equipment needed for needles

A

Alcohol swab, tourniquet , clean gloves, tape, drug to be administered in vial, saline flush if you didn’t venous catheter

55
Q

Ampules

A

Sealed glass container with scored neck that is weakened so it breaks open easily
Single dose

56
Q

Venipuncture procedure

A

Obtain order, hand hygiene, identify patient, order history, dosage, dose calculation, dose response , patient prep, hold skin taunt and under butterfly needle, release tourniquet, tape needle in place, administer contrast, observe site, remove needle and apply pressure, document all relevant info

57
Q

Infiltration

A

The accidental leakage of non vesicant solutions out of the vein into the surrounding time

58
Q

Phlebitis

A

Mechanical means we didn’t do as good job with the needle tip
Inflammation of vein: mechanical: imitation of catheter due to unskilled insertion, too large of vein, improper anchoring causes movement
Chemical: imitating medication, solution
Bacterial: poor aseptic technique with hand washing etc

59
Q

Embolism

A

A blood clot, or other solid mass, as well as an air bubbles can be delivered into the circulation, do an IV and end up blocking a vessel

60
Q

Drug incompatibility

A

Interactions between two or more substances which lead to changes in chemical physical therapeutic properties of the pharmaceutical dosage form

Medical Imaging (14 decks)

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