MGUS Flashcards
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What is Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy (DIC)?
DIC is an acquired coagulation disorder characterized by widespread activation of the haemostatic mechanisms
What are the clinical features of DIC?
Symptoms include extensive skin and mucosal bleeding
What is the causative organism of genital herpes?
Genital herpes is caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)
What is phimosis and how is it treated?
Phimosis is the inability to retract the prepuce over the glans
What are the common causes of hydrocele?
Hydrocele may result from persistent processus vaginalis (congenital)
What are the main categories of testicular germ cell tumors?
Germ cell tumors are divided into seminomas and non-seminomas
What are the common symptoms of testicular torsion?
Sudden severe testicular pain due to twisting of the spermatic cord
What is Fournier’s gangrene?
It is a necrotizing infection of the scrotum and perineum
What are Schiller-Duval bodies?
Schiller-Duval bodies are structures found in yolk sac tumors
What is the significance of elevated AFP levels in testicular tumors?
Elevated AFP levels are associated with yolk sac tumors and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
What causes lymphogranuloma venereum?
It is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1-L3
What are the features of Peyronie’s disease?
Fibrous plaques on the penis leading to painful curvature during erection.
What organism causes syphilis?
Syphilis is caused by Treponema pallidum
How is invasive squamous carcinoma of the penis diagnosed?
Through biopsy showing squamous cell dysplasia with potential HPV association.
What is the hallmark of testicular seminoma?
A painless
What is the prognosis for spermatocytic seminoma?
It has an excellent prognosis as it does not metastasize and occurs in older men.
What is the treatment approach for DIC?
Addressing the underlying cause
How is scrotal carcinoma historically significant?
It was the first cancer linked to occupational exposure
What is idiopathic granulomatous orchitis?
A chronic testicular inflammation with granuloma formation
What is the most common site for penile carcinoma?
The glans penis or inner prepuce
What is cryptorchidism and its complications?
It is the failure of the testis to descend
What is the most common sexually transmitted infection causing genital warts?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
What are the common presenting symptoms of Leydig cell tumors?
Testicular swelling and gynecomastia
What is the treatment for testicular torsion?
Urgent surgical detorsion and orchiopexy of both testes.
What is the role of serum tumor markers in testicular cancer?
Markers like AFP and HCG help in diagnosis
