GONADAL HORMONES Flashcards
Front
Back
What is the most common cause of male gonadal dysfunction?
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction is the most common cause.
What is Kallmann syndrome?
Kallmann syndrome is a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with anosmia due to GnRH deficiency.
What is the main cause of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS)?
CAIS is caused by mutations in the androgen receptor gene
What hormone regulates spermatogenesis and Leydig cell function?
FSH regulates spermatogenesis via Sertoli cells
What is the significance of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in males?
AMH
What is the role of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle?
FSH promotes follicular growth
What are the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
PCOS is diagnosed by hyperandrogenism
What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea?
Turner syndrome is a frequent cause
What are the effects of menopause on hormone levels?
Menopause leads to reduced estrogen and progesterone levels
What is the most common form of testicular cancer?
Seminoma is the most common testicular germ cell tumor
What is idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH)?
IHH is characterized by low levels of gonadotropins and sex steroids
What is the primary function of testosterone?
Testosterone regulates male secondary sexual characteristics
What is the treatment for testicular torsion?
Surgical detorsion and orchiopexy are required to restore blood flow and prevent recurrence.
What is the primary hormone involved in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
Estrogen dominates the follicular phase
What is hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?
It is primary gonadal failure characterized by high levels of gonadotropins (FSH
What is the pathophysiology of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
CAH involves enzyme deficiencies in adrenal steroidogenesis
What are the primary clinical features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)?
Clinical features include hirsutism
What are the primary causes of female infertility?
Common causes include PCOS
What are the common laboratory tests for assessing male infertility?
Tests include semen analysis
What is the role of estrogen in bone health?
Estrogen reduces bone resorption and maintains bone density by inhibiting osteoclast activity.
How is erectile dysfunction (ED) diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves history
What are the common treatments for gynecomastia?
Treatment includes addressing underlying causes
What is the treatment approach for precocious puberty?
Treatment involves GnRH analogs to suppress premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
