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BLOCK POSTING 5 > CNS INFECTION > Flashcards

CNS INFECTION Flashcards

1
Q

Front

A

Back

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2
Q

What is the most common route of CNS infection?

A

The most common route is hematogenous spread through the blood-brain or blood-CSF barrier.

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3
Q

What are the primary pathogens causing bacterial meningitis?

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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4
Q

What are the features of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

It is a gram-negative

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5
Q

What are the clinical signs of meningococcal meningitis?

A

Signs include fever

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6
Q

What is Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome?

A

It is adrenal gland failure due to bilateral hemorrhage caused by meningococcal sepsis.

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7
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Cryptococcus meningitis?

A

India ink staining and antigen detection in CSF are diagnostic.

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of viral meningitis?

A

Headache

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9
Q

What is the gold-standard treatment for tuberculous meningitis?

A

Combination therapy with isoniazid

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10
Q

What are the clinical features of botulism?

A

Progressive descending paralysis

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11
Q

What is the cause of floppy baby syndrome?

A

Infant botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin from honey or contaminated food.

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12
Q

What is the pathogenesis of tetanus?

A

Tetanospasmin blocks inhibitory neurotransmitters

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13
Q

How is tetanus diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis is clinical based on lockjaw

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14
Q

What vaccines are available for meningococcal prevention?

A

Conjugate vaccines covering serogroups A

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15
Q

What is the hallmark finding in rabies encephalitis?

A

Negri bodies in neurons and hydrophobia are diagnostic hallmarks.

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16
Q

What is the cause of neonatal meningitis?

A

Group B streptococci (Strep. agalactiae) and Escherichia coli are common causes.

17
Q

How is cerebral malaria caused?

A

Plasmodium falciparum adheres to capillaries in the brain

18
Q

What is the treatment for fungal meningitis?

A

Amphotericin B and flucytosine are the recommended treatments.

19
Q

What is the diagnostic method for herpes encephalitis?

A

PCR detection of HSV DNA in CSF is diagnostic.

20
Q

What are the characteristics of poliovirus?

A

It is a small RNA virus from the Enterovirus genus causing motor neuron paralysis.

21
Q

What is the incubation period for rabies?

A

The incubation period is 4–13 weeks

22
Q

What is the primary cause of encephalitis in sub-Saharan Africa?

A

Cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is a leading cause.

23
Q

How is brain abscess diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis is by CT or MRI

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of botulinum toxin?

A

It inhibits acetylcholine release by targeting SNARE proteins

25
Q

What is the first-line treatment for bacterial meningitis?

A

Empiric therapy with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

26
Q

What is the role of the BCG vaccine in meningitis prevention?

A

BCG vaccine provides partial protection against tuberculous meningitis.

BLOCK POSTING 5 (8 decks)

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