GIT infections Flashcards
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What are the most common forms of gastrointestinal infections?
Gastroenteritis, food poisoning, Helicobacter pylori infection, and parasitic infections.
What is the primary mode of transmission for gastrointestinal infections?
Fecal-oral transmission.
Define diarrhea.
Loose, frequent motions classified as acute, persistent, or chronic and mild, moderate, or severe.
Define dysentery.
Abdominal pain, tenesmus, and frequent stools with blood or mucus.
What are major syndromes of gastrointestinal infections?
Watery diarrhea, dysentery, and enteric fever.
Name some bacterial agents causing gastroenteritis.
Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio cholerae.
What are common viral agents of gastroenteritis?
Rotavirus, Norovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and caliciviruses.
Name key parasitic agents in gastrointestinal infections.
Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica.
What fungi are involved in gastrointestinal infections?
Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Mucorales (Zygomycetes).
What causes antibiotic-associated diarrhea?
Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus.
What laboratory tests are used for diagnosing GI infections?
Microscopy, culture, serology, molecular techniques, and radiographic studies.
What are the common complications of gastrointestinal infections?
Dehydration, renal failure, HUS, DIC, and psychosis.
How is Helicobacter pylori diagnosed?
Urease breath test, endoscopic biopsy, stool antigen test, and serology.
What are the key treatments for gastrointestinal infections?
Fluid replacement, antimicrobials, probiotics, and dietary restrictions.
