Meyer 2 Flashcards
You are evaluating a 26 year-old male patient status post arthroscopic surgery. The physician requests that you may evaluate the muscles that insert into the pes anserinus. You may have the patients flex the knee medially rotate the leg while the knee is flexed. Of the muscles listed below, which are you not evaluating?
A. Gracilis
B. Sartorius
C. Semimembranosus
D. Semitendinosus
C. Semimembranosus
The patient who has a lesion of the inferior gluteal nerve is referred to the clinic. Which of the following motions would most likely be affected to the greatest extent secondary to an inferior gluteal nerve lesion?
A. Hip abduction
B. Hip adduction
C. Hip flexion
D. Hip extension
D. Hip extension
You are treating a patient secondary to a foot injury. The patient reports that his podiatrist thought the spring ligament was injured as a result of his fall. Which of the following best describes the spring ligament of foot?
A. It is also called the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament
B. It is called the short plantar ligament
C. It helps to maintain the medial arch of the foot by supporting the head of the talus.
D. The spring ligament is not highly elastic
C. It helps to maintain the medial arch of the foot by supporting the head of the talus.
The physician has sent a patient to the clinic for a brace that will assist in controlling knee rotation and adduction. Which of the following ligaments was not likely injured?
A. Anterior cruciate ligament
B. Posterior cruciate ligament
C. Medial collateral ligament
D. Lateral collateral ligament
D. Lateral collateral ligament
Bursae may be found in most locations within the body. In which of the following anatomical areas would the bursae most likely not be found?
A. Subtendinous
B. Intramuscular
C. Subcutaneous
D. Subfascial
B. Intramuscular
When performing ultrasound on a patient, it is important to be aware of the contraindications for its utilization. One contraindication is performing ultrasound over the epiphyseal or growth plate of a child. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the growth plate?
A. It serves as a site of progressive lengthening that is needed in the long bones
B. It lies between the epiphysis and diaphysis as a transverse disc
C. It is formed of cartilage
D. It is found in all bones
D. It is found in all bones
In a class on clinical pathology, the professor asks you what lupus erythematosus; scleroderma and dermatomycosis have in common. They can best be grouped together as which of the following?
A. Acute infection
B. Acute bacterial diseases
C. Collagen vascular diseases
D. Circulatory disorder
C. Collagen vascular diseases
In clinical pathology class, the professor describes a pathological disease that involves the arteries and veins of the lower extremity. The symptoms are inflammation, venous thrombosis, and ischemia of the feet. Which of the following diseases is being described by the professor?
A. Raynaud’s disease
B. Thromboangiitis obliterans
C. Thrombophlebitis
D. Pitting edema
B. Thromboangiitis obliterans
You are in a cardiology class studying the difference between cardiac muscle versus skeletal muscle. It is known that the cardiac muscle is physiologically different from skeletal muscle. Which of the following statement best describe this?
A. It has no bony attachment
B. The actin and myosin filaments produce a different type of striation
C. It does not develop a length-tension relationship
D. It divides into atrial and ventricular portions.
D. It divides into atrial and ventricular portions.
You are treating a patient who is complaining of right shoulder pain. The patient has been diagnosed with frozen shoulder. Which of the following would describe the capsular pattern of the glenohumeral joint?
A. External rotation, abduction, internal rotation
B. External rotation, internal rotation, abduction
C. Internal rotation, abduction, external rotation
D. Abduction, external rotation, internal rotation
A. External rotation, abduction, internal rotation
A patient is sent to physical therapy secondary to a lower extremity injury. Reading the patient’s past medical history, you note that the superficial peroneal nerve has been severed. Which of the following muscles would be emphasized in your treatment program?
A. Tibialis anterior
B. Peroneus tertius
C. Peroneus brevis
D. Extensor hallucis longus
C. Peroneus brevis
While studying cardiology you are learning about cardiac output. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart in a specific time period. Which of the following best describes cardiac output?
A. Blood pumped by the heart in a 24 hour period
B. Blood pumped by the heart in 1 hour
C. Blood pumped by the heart during a 60 second period
D. Blood pumped by the heart during an 8-hour period.
C. Blood pumped by the heart during a 60 second period
You are working with a patient who has small stroke volume and pulse pressure. Which of the following lesions does the patient most likely have?
A. Arterial sclerotic disease
B. Mitral stenosis
C. Congestive heart failure
D. Myocardial infarction
B. Mitral stenosis
Which of the following is the most common cause of CVA (cerebrovascular accident) in older adults?
A. Aneurysm
B. Hemorrhaging
C. High blood pressure
D. Thrombosis
D. Thrombosis
Which of the following is the most frequent location for a myocardial infarction to occur?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle
B. Left ventricle
Which of the following actions of the drug digitalis is common in a patient with chronic congestive heart failure?
A. A decrease in heart rate
B. An increase in heart rate
C. A decrease in the strength of the contraction
D. No effect on heart rate
A. A decrease in heart rate
You are physical therapist at the site of the football game as a medical staff member. You watch one of the players fall from blow to the head and determined by a field evaluation that he has suffered a concussion. Which of the following best defined as a concussion?
A. Any severe blow to the head
B. A fracture of the skull
C. Swelling of the brain as a result of trauma
D. A temporary state of the paralysis of the nervous function, including loss of consciousness
D. A temporary state of the paralysis of the nervous function, including loss of consciousness
Rheumatoid arthritis can cause many symptoms in its later stages. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be common in patients who has had rheumatoid arthritis for a long period of time?
A. Radial deviation of the finger
B. Enlargement of the Heberden’s nodes
C. Ulnar deviation of the finger
D. Increase muscle strength
C. Ulnar deviation of the finger
You are studying the various types of arthritis, especially rheumatoid arthritis versus osteoarthritis. Which of the following would best describe the etiology of osteoarthritis?
A. Trauma to a joint recently
B. Under weight
C. Degeneration caused by aging
D. Recent injury to the joint.
C. Degeneration caused by aging
You are in physiology class studying tissue excitation. In regard to the strength/duration curve, which of the following is not a true statement?
A. It may be considered valuable in testing for nerve degeneration
B. It may be considered valuable in testing for nerve regeneration
C. It shows the relationship of a current intensity to the duration of the reaching expectation threshold
D. It exhibits development and fatigue during a prolonged stimulation
D. It exhibits development and fatigue during a prolonged stimulation
Which of the following definitions best describes the anatomical dead space?
A. The portion of the pulmonary tree that is inelastic and does not change size with inspiration or expiration
B. An area occupied in the airways that does not permit gas exchange
C. The pulmonary air with the least blood supply
D. The portion of the pulmonary tree that is not supplied with sensory nerves
B. An area occupied in the airways that does not permit gas exchange
In a class on physiology of exercise, you are studying the energy needed for muscle contractions. Which of the following statements is false in regard to energy for muscle contractions?
A. Energy is produced during aerobic metabolism
B. Energy is produced during anaerobic metabolism
C. Energy may be stored as a creatine phosphate
D. Energy is derived from ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
C. Energy may be stored as a creatine phosphate
You are studying diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus in your clinical pathology course. Which of the following statement is not true about diabetes mellitus, but best describes diabetes insipidus?
A. Is a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism
B. It results from insulin deficiency
C. It is associated with the pancreas
D. It is associated with the pituitary gland
D. It is associated with the pituitary gland
Which of the following gestational timeframes is the most susceptible for injury to the fetal cardiovascular system? It is during this timeframe that the fetal cardiovascular system produces most congenital defects.
A. Third month
B. Sixth month
C. Between the 21st and 40th days
D. Conception and the 20th day
C. Between the 21st and 40th days
A patient comes to the clinic with an injury to the skin as a result of exposure to excessive heat. Which of the following listed below will be the first response to this type of skin injury?
A. The fluids will seep into the damaged tissue
B. The blood vessels will become dilated and more permeable secondary to inflammation
C. Phagocytic cells will remove dead cells and debridement of the area will occur
D. Blood clotting will occur
B. The blood vessels will become dilated and more permeable secondary to inflammation
The professor is presenting a lecture on the advantages and disadvantages of the following exercises: Isometric, isokinetic, isotonic, and eccentric contractions. The professor informs the class that some of the disadvantages of a particular exercise are that it loads muscle at the weakest point and the momentum factor in lifting. These disadvantages best describe which of the following classifications of exercise?
A. Isometric
B. Isotonic
C. Isokinetic
D. Free weights
B. Isotonic
The patient has experienced a lesion in the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. Which of the following would most likely be affected?
A. Vision
B. Sensory perception and interpretation
C. Personality and speech
D. Hearing and comprehension of speech
C. Personality and speech
A patient experiences an injury resulting in a lesion of the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemisphere. Which of the following are most likely involved?
A. Vision and interpretation of visual data
B. Sensory perception and interpretation
C. Intelligence and personality
D. Comprehension of speech and memory
A. Vision and interpretation of visual data
An 18-year-old male tests positive for shoulder dislocation. This patient may have complications as a result of this shoulder dislocation. Which of the following would most likely be involved if the patient were to have complications?
A. Axillary artery
B. Axillary nerve
C. Radial artery
D. Radial nerve
B. Axillary nerve
In studying physical therapy you are learning about the differences between various spina bifida disorders. You are specifically studying spina bifida myelocele. Which of the following would best describe this disorder?
A. A soft tissue tumor in the meninges
B. A soft tissue tumor in the spinal cord
C. The most severe form of spina bifida
D. A herniated sac contained within the spinal cord
C. The most severe form of spina bifida
A patient reports to physical therapy with a diagnosis of a lesion in the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following would you most likely detect upon treatment of this patient?
A. Paralysis of the biceps, coracobrachialis, and finger flexors
B. Paralysis of the deltoid
C. Paralysis of wrist extension
D. Paralysis of the hand
A. Paralysis of the biceps, coracobrachialis, and finger flexors
You are performing passive range of motion on a pulmonary patient. What effect will passive range of motion have on this patient’s pulmonary ventilation?
A. No effect
B. An undetermined effect
C. A response proportional to the number of joints involved in passive range of motion
D. A response proportional to the speed and duration of exercises administered
C. A response proportional to the number of joints involved in passive range of motion
In studying the pulmonary system of a patient, you are discussing site of gas exchange in the pulmonary system. Which of the following is the most likely site of gas exchange?
A. Alveoli
B. Bronchi
C. Brachialis
D. Trachea
A. Alveoli
You are performing physical therapy on a patient status post cerebrovascular accident. The patient is having difficulty with trunk control and transfers from supine to sit and left to right sidelying. In performing PNF techniques on this patient, which of the following would be best to utilize to assist this patient?
A. Hold and relax
B. Rhythmic initiation
C. Rhythmic stabilization
D. Slow reversal hold
B. Rhythmic initiation
You have a patient who has episodes of dyspnea and difficulty in expiration. Which of the following would your patient most likely be experiencing?
A. Asthma
B. Bronchitis
C. Emphysema
D. Cystic fibrosis
A. Asthma
The client has been positioned on his side. You would anticipate that which of the following areas would be a pressure point in this position?
A. Sacrum
B. Occiput
C. Ankles
D. Heels
C. Ankles
The patient is a 26-year-old male, status post ankle fracture. The physician orders mobilization to increase joint range of motion. Which of the following is the maximum loose-packed position of the ankle joint?
A. 10° plantar flexion
B. 5° plantar flexion
C. 0° plantar flexion
D. 15° plantar flexion
A. 10° plantar flexion
You are treating a patient status post total hip replacement. You notice in the patient’s chart that the patient has received a cemented total hip replacement. Which of the following is not an advantage of a cemented hip?
A. It allows early weight bearing
B. Surgeons report a 90% success rate
C. There is less postoperative pain
D. It requires less bone tissue removal
D. It requires less bone tissue removal
In class you are studying the elbow joint and optimum force output. Which of the following would be the position for elbow flexion in terms of the greatest advantage of optimum force output?
A. 120° of elbow flexion
B. Flexion supination
C. Mid-position or semi-prone
D. 90° of elbow flexion
C. Mid-position or semi-prone
In anatomy class you are studying the tendinous cuff muscles, also called SITS (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor). Which of the following does the combined action of the tendinous cuff muscles produce?
A. Abduction of the shoulder
B. External rotation of the shoulder
C. Pulling of the humerus upward and outward
D. Depression of the head of the humerus
D. Depression of the head of the humerus
Your patient is a 26-year-old paraplegic. You are observing the patient standing with braces for a prolonged time. For the paraplegic, prolonged standing with braces in a lordotic position may result in which of the following?
A. Stretching of the hip flexors
B. Stretching of the hip extensors
C. Stretching of the hip extensors and iliofemoral ligament
D. Stretching of the ischial femoral ligament
C. Stretching of the hip extensors and iliofemoral ligament
You are in anatomy class studying motions of the wrist. It is known that the motion that the wrist produces is actually a combination of several motions at several different articulations. Which of the following would best describe the axis of motion for the radial and ulnar deviation?
A. It lies in the coronal plane through the lunate
B. It lies in the sagittal plane through the trapezoid
C. It lies in the sagittal plane through the capitate
D. It lies in the coronal plane through the capitates
C. It lies in the sagittal plane through the capitate
On the patient described above, you decide to measure normal expansion at the xiphoid process. Which of the following would be the normal value for expansion when measured at the xiphoid process?
A. 5 to 10 cm
B. 5 to 10 in
C. 5 to 1.0 cm
D. 5 to 1.0 in
A. 5 to 10 cm
You are performing a test on a patient for hip flexor length. Upon testing the hip, the extremity being tested abducts and remains slightly flexed when lowered to the table. Which of the following would you most likely suspect of muscle tightness?
A. Psoas major
B. Tensor fascia latae
C. Semitendinosus
D. Rectus femoris
B. Tensor fascia latae
You are performing a postural examination on a 16-year-old track and field star. Upon posture evaluation you notice that the patient has pronated feet. Which of the following would best describe this condition?
A. Lateral convexity of the Achilles’ tendon due to a medial weight line
B. Eversion of the calcaneus with lateral convexity of the Achilles’ tendon
C. Eversion of the calcaneus with a medial weight line
D. Inversion of the calcaneus with a medial weight line
C. Eversion of the calcaneus with a medial weight line
You are in rheumatology class studying degenerative joint disease. The instructor asks you where Heberden’s nodes are most frequently located as a result of degenerative joint disease. Which of the following is the correct answer?
A. Distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
B. Distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes
C. Distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
D. Distal interphalangeal joints of the toes
C. Distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
You are performing a gait evaluation on a cross-country track runner who pulled a hamstring muscle. During which period of time in the patient’s gait cycle would the hamstring muscle be the most active?
A. Mid-stance to heel-off
B. Swing phase
C. Acceleration to mid-swing
D. Mid-swing to deceleration
D. Mid-swing to deceleration
You are performing palpation on a patient with general lower back pain. Which of the following landmarks would be most helpful to isolate the L4 vertebral level upon palpation of this patient?
A. Anterior superior iliac spine
B. Posterior superior iliac spine
C. Iliac crest
D. Greater trochanter
C. Iliac crest
Your patient is a 56-year-old female with a diagnosis of a herniated disc between vertebrae C6 and C7. During a conversation with the physician, he informs you that the patient has a C7 nerve root impingement. Upon testing this patient, you expect weakness in all of the following motor activities except for which one?
A. Wrist flexion
B. Finger flexion
C. Finger extension
D. Elbow extension
B. Finger flexion
You are performing ultrasound underwater to a patient’s left hand. In performing the ultrasound under water which of the following would be the most important safety factor to be considered?
A. Utilizing a plastic bucket instead of a metal whirlpool
B. Keeping the ultrasound head moving
C. Keeping the ultrasound watts per centimeters squared under 1.0
D. Connecting the ultrasound to a ground fault interruption circuit
D. Connecting the ultrasound to a ground fault interruption circuit
You have been called into the physical therapy department secondary to a patient being brought into the emergency room with severe burns on both posterior lower extremities. The physician instructs you to begin working with this newly admitted burn patient. Which of the following would be your first priority?
A. Performing an evaluation on the wound area
B. Splinting to control contractures and edema
C. Closing the wound
D. Beginning immediate wound cleaning, debridement, and sterile dressing
D. Beginning immediate wound cleaning, debridement, and sterile dressing
The physician has instructed you to perform ultrasound under water secondary to a patient experiencing foot pain in the medial arch. When administering ultrasound under water, which of the following would be the best position for the sound head?
A. The sound head should be in direct contact with the medial arch of the foot
B. The sound head should be approximately 3 inches away from the medial arch of the foot
C. The sound head should be approximately 1 inch away from the medial arch of the foot
D. The sound head should be approximately 9 cm from the medial arch of the foot
C. The sound head should be approximately 1 inch away from the medial arch of the foot
You are a physical therapist who has been instructed by a physician to lead an exercise group of 20 geriatric patients at the community center. The physician suggests that you emphasize areas that typically show reduced range of motion for geriatric patients. Which of the actions listed below would not be an emphasis of your program?
A. Hip flexion
B. Hip extension
C. Pectoralis muscle stretch
D. Chin glides, chin tucks
A. Hip flexion
During the swing phase, acceleration stage, which muscles remain active throughout the entire stage to help shorten the extremity so it can clear the ground by holding the ankle in a neutral position?
A. Tibialis posterior, peroneus brevis
B. Tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius
C. Tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus
D. Tibialis posterior, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus
C. Tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor hallucis longus
During the swing phase, deceleration stage, which muscles contract to slow down the swing phase just prior to heel strike, thus, permitting the heel to strike quietly in a controlled manner?
A. Gluteus medius
B. Gluteus maximus
C. Hamstring
D. Quadriceps
C. Hamstring
On rounds you observe a 72-year-old male with pectus carinatum, more commonly known as pigeon chest. Which of the following best describes his condition?
A. Lower portion of the sternum is depressed
B. Lateral diameter of the chest is increased
C. Sternum is displaced anteriorly, increasing anterior-posterior diameter
D. Sternum is displaced posteriorly, increasing anterior-posterior diameter
C. Sternum is displaced anteriorly, increasing anterior-posterior diameter
Your patient is an 18-year-old male who was seriously injured in a motorcycle accident. The radiology examination reveals a fracture described as one in which the ends are driven into each other. Of the choices listed below, what is the typical name for this type of fracture?
A. Comminuted
B. Impacted
C. Displaced
D. Intraarticular
B. Impacted
Muscular contraction of the cardiac chambers is different from the electrical conduction system. The normal conduction pathway for muscular contraction of the heart to follow is which of the patterns listed below?
A. Left atrium, right atrium, ventricles
B. Right atrium, left atrium, ventricles
C. Right ventricle, left ventricle, atrium
D. Left ventricle, right ventricle, atrium
B. Right atrium, left atrium, ventricles
The sinus node acts as the cardiac pace maker in the heart. The sinus node is a group of cardiac cells that discharges an impulse. Where is the sinus node located in the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
A. Right atrium
A patient enters the clinic with an injury to the brachioradialis muscle of the left forearm. The patient was injured when he was delivering a piano and the lid slammed down on his forearm. The patient now has limited action of the left forearm. With an injury to the brachioradialis muscle, which action/actions would now be limited in this patient?
A. Forearm supination
B. Forearm supination, elbow flexion, wrist flexion
C. Forearm pronation, elbow flexion
D. Forearm pronation, supination, elbow flexion
D. Forearm pronation, supination, elbow flexion
Several muscles in the body have dual innervation, which is innervation by more than one nerve. Which of the following muscles does not have dual innervation?
A. Flexor digitorum profundus
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
C. Flexor pollicis brevis
D. Lumbricals
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
A 16-year-old soccer player enters the emergency room with an anterior tibialis muscle injury sustained during practice. The patient has significant bruising and discoloration in the area. Which nerve innervates the anterior tibialis muscle and may be tested in this patient?
A. Lateral plantar
B. Superficial peroneal
C. Tibial
D. Deep peroneal
D. Deep peroneal
In a class on gross anatomy the professor asks you to dissect the muscles that attach to the ischial tuberosity. Which group of muscles listed below attaches to the ischial tuberosity?
A. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus
B. Semimembranosus, biceps femoris
C. Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
D. Semimembranosus, semitendinosus
C. Semimembranosus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus
During an internship in the neurology unit at a major university hospital, the neurosurgeon asks you to perform the test for reflex C5. Which of the following should be tested to determine the reflex at level CS?
A. Elbow extension
B. Triceps
C. Biceps
D. Brachioradialis
C. Biceps
A patient enters the clinic with a prescription for direct current electrical stimulation. Upon reading the order you notice that the patient’s diagnosis is Bell’s palsy. Of the following, which nerve would you determine to be injured in this patient?
A. Trigeminal
B. Trochlear
C. Facial
D. Vagus
C. Facial
You are evaluating a patient with a repetitive motion injury from work. You have tested the patient’s pronation/supination of the forearm and wrist flexion/extension. Which of the following muscles does not assist in pronation of the radioulnar joint?
A. Brachioradialis
B. Flexor carpi radialis
C. Pronator quadratus
D. Flexor carpi ulnaris
D. Flexor carpi ulnaris
A butcher is responsible for processing meat packaging. In the process of carving the meat he injures the second and third digits of his hand. The hand surgeon reports that the nerves in the second and third digits have been permanently injured. Which nerve/nerves would be injured?
A. Ulnar nerve
B. Median nerve
C. Radial nerve
D. Ulnar/median
B. Median nerve
When studying upper motor neuron lesions in neuroanatomy, you determine that which of the following is not a characteristic typically seen with this type of lesion?
A. Muscle atrophy
B. Spasticity
C. Hyperreflexia
D. Babinski sign possible
A. Muscle atrophy
A 26-year-old triathlete has just completed a competitive event in swimming, biking, and running. The patient has extreme muscle fatigue after this event. Which of the following may build up in the body and cause muscle fatigue?
A. Glycogen
B. Lactic acid
C. Fatty acids
D. Glucose
B. Lactic acid
In determining a target heart rate for a 62-year-old patient, you would use the calculation for maximum heart rate. Which of the following best describes the calculation for maximum heart rate?
A. Pulse rate for 60 seconds
B. Count pulse for 15 seconds x 4, plus age
C. (220 plus age)
D. (220 minus age)
D. (220 minus age)
A patient undergoes open-heart surgery at a prestigious heart hospital. The patient is being evaluated 1 day postoperative for possible placement in the acute inpatient cardiac rehab program. The patient’s blood pressure reading indicates hypertension. Which of the following readings would be considered indicative of hypertension?
A. 120/80
B. Above 120/80
C. Above 140/90
D. Under 120/90
C. Above 140/90
A patient comes to you from the hand surgeon with a request to specifically evaluate the anatomical snuffbox. The hand surgeon is concerned that the patient might have suffered an injury to the nerve crossing the anatomical snuffbox. Of the following nerves which would you need to evaluate?
A. Radial
B. Median
C. Ulnar
D. Musculocutaneous
A. Radial
An 8-year-old male enters the clinic with a diagnosis of fracture of the distal radius. The patient’s mother reports that the patient was riding his bicycle down a steep hill when he fell
off. The physician sends the patient to you for evaluation because he is concerned about possible nerve damage. A fracture of the distal radius will result in possible nerve damage to which nerve?
A. Musculocutaneous
B. Radial
C. Ulnar
D. Median
B. Radial
A patient comes to you status post ankle sprain, which is healing well. The patient needs to increase range of motion to resume full activity. Of the following, which movement will take place in the ankle subtalar joint?
A. Pronation/supination
B. Eversion/inversion
C. Adduction/abduction
D. Dorsiflexion
B. Eversion/inversion
A patient comes to the clinic with a swollen right thumb. He reports that he was at work operating a press machine when the press closed and caught his thumb. The patient will need joint immobilization to restore range of motion; otherwise he has escaped with minimal injury. The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is classified as what type of joint?
A. Uniaxial
B. Biaxial
C. Saddle
D. Hinge
C. Saddle
A muscle is known to have a proximal and distal attachment. It is necessary to know the attachments for palpation and manual muscle tests. Which of the following is the proximal attachment of a limb muscle?
A. Tendon
B. Insertion
C. Belly of muscle
D. Origin
D. Origin
A patient enters the clinic with what appears to be pinched nerves in the cervical spine area. The patient is reporting radiating symptoms into the left upper extremity that follow no particular dermatome pattern. The patient reports that he is going to have a test in which some type of electrodes are inserted into the muscle to test which nerves are injured. Based on this information, which of the following tests is the patient most likely having?
A. Electromyogram
B. Arthroscopy
C. EKG
D. Myelogram
A. Electromyogram
Your neuroanatomy professor lectures on the divisions of the brain. The brain is divided into three major divisions. Which of the following is not one of the three major brain regions?
A. Brainstem
B. Midbrain
C. Cerebellum
D. Cerebrum
B. Midbrain
A pregnant patient is advised to avoid the Valsalva maneuver during her pregnancy. What effect listed below does the Valsalva maneuver have?
A. Increase in intrathoracic pressure
B. Decrease in intrathoracic pressure
C. Pressure remains the same, no effect
D. Increase in inspiration needs
A. Increase in intrathoracic pressure
You are in physiology class studying the difference between erythrocytes and leukocytes in the body. Each one has a primary function to perform so that the body functions normally. Which of the following would be a primary function of erythrocytes in the body?
A. Transport oxygen
B. Carry iron
C. Produce calcium
D. Produce red blood cells
A. Transport oxygen
You are continuing your studies in neurology on abnormal reflexes. You are now focusing on the reflex called the flexor withdrawal. The flexor withdrawal integration level is spinal. Where would the stimulus be applied to test the flexor withdrawal?
A. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in extension
B. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in flexion
C. Forefoot with the lower extremity in extension
D. Forefoot with the lower extremity in flexion
A. Sole of the foot with lower extremity in extension
You are testing the tonic labyrinthine reflex of a patient. You have positioned the patient supine. Which of the following would you consider to be a positive response to this position?
A. Increased extensor tone
B. Increased flexor tone
C. Increased extensor tone in upper extremities and flexor tone
D. Increased flexor tone in upper extremities and extensor tone in lower extremities
A. Increased extensor tone
You have a patient referred to physical therapy with cerebral palsy. Which of the following does not describe what you would typically observe in a cerebral palsy child?
A. The child may be either passive or stiff
B. The child cannot adjust the body position
C. The child can hold or bring the head into a normal position
D. The child may be classified as either spastic or ataxic
C. The child can hold or bring the head into a normal position
You are testing a patient for the negative support reaction. The integration level for the negative support reaction is the brainstem. You bounce the patient several times on the soles of the feet but you do not allow her to bear weight. Which of the following would you anticipate as the patient’s response?
A. Increased extensor tone in lower extremities
B. Increased extensor tone in upper extremities
C. Increased flexor tone in lower extremities
D. Increased extensor tone in upper extremities
C. Increased flexor tone in lower extremities
A physician informs you that he feels that the patient is pretending to be ill to arouse sympathy for his condition. He suspects that the patient is slow to recuperate because he continues to receive benefits from the insurance company during a slow recovery. Which of the following most likely describes this individual?
A. Patient is negligent
B. Patient is a hypochondriac
C. Patient is a malinger
D. Patient is paranoid
C. Patient is a malinger
A patient comes to physical therapy for further instructions on crutch ambulation. Upon observation you notice that the patient moves the left crutch first, then the right leg, then the right crutch, then the left leg. Of the following, which type of crutch gait have you most likely observed?
A. Three point gait
B. Two point gait
C. Swing through
D. Four point gait
D. Four point gait
A patient is referred to physical therapy several months status post hip burn. The patient reports that he had an allograft over the burn area. Which of the following does this describe?
A. The graft skin is from the same species
B. The graft skin is from the same individual
C. The graft skin is from an animal
D. A surgical incision in the form of letter Z, the length of the graft
A. The graft skin is from the same species
You are performing a musculoskeletal examination of a patient’s thoracic lumbar spine. Which of the tests listed below would best determine if there is an impingement of the nerve in the thoracic lumbar root level?
A. Compression test
B. Distraction test
C. Ely’s test
D. Slump test
D. Slump test
You are evaluating a patient with a diagnosis of Marie-Strumpell disease. The physician instructs you to evaluate the patient and determine an appropriate treatment program. Which of the following would be the best treatment program for this patient?
A. Rest and medication
B. Joint mobility, heat, and postural instructions
C. Aspirin in high dosages
D. Resistive exercises and stretching
B. Joint mobility, heat, and postural instructions
You are performing a neurological evaluation on a patient that has had a vascular injury. The patient has the following impairment: loss of consciousness, coma, no ability to speak, and hemiplegia. Based on this information, in which of the following areas does this vascular involvement occur?
A. Anterior cerebral artery
B. Middle cerebral artery
C. Posterior cerebral artery
D. Vertebrobasilar artery
D. Vertebrobasilar artery
You are instructed to perform vascular testing on a 35-year-old female with peripheral vascular disease. The physician sends this patient to your department for evaluation and set-up of an appropriate treatment program. Which of the following tests would be the least important in evaluating this patient’s condition?
A. Rubor test
B. Girth measurements
C. Volumetric measurement
D. Deep pressure test
D. Deep pressure test
You are performing an upper extremity evaluation on a patient with an injury to the right shoulder. You are evaluating the muscles that attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus. In planning this patient’s treatment program, which of the following muscles would not be emphasized?
A. Supraspinatus
B. Infraspinatus
C. Teres minor
D. Subscapularis
D. Subscapularis
According to the American Physical Therapy Association Standard of Care, the initial evaluation should include all of the following except?
A. Diagnosis
B. Social environment needs
C. Functional status
D. Medication
D. Medication
You have a 42-year–old female status post removal of the lymphatic system in the axillary region secondary to cancer. The physician wants you to work on edema through measurement for a pressure garment and massage 1-day post surgery. How should the massage be performed for best results?
A. You decide not to do massage but Jobst compression pump
B. Massage the proximal segment first
C. Massage the distal segment first
D. Order a garment and check on the patient daily
B. Massage the proximal segment first
A patient postoperative removal of the lymphatic system in the axillary region is very concerned about the cancer spreading. You read in her chart that the physician has not removed all of the cancer; it has spread. At the next treatment session she asks you if the surgery was successful. Since the physician is inaccessible, what do you tell her?
A. You are deeply sorry, but it was not 100% successful
B. You are deeply sorry, but you are sure the doctor did the best he could, as he is one of the top surgeons
C. You have no idea whether or not surgery was successful
D. Tell her you are not able to provide that information; she will have to discuss it with her surgeon
D. Tell her you are not able to provide that information; she will have to discuss it with her surgeon
You have a 26-year-old female 2 days post hand laceration. The doctor orders paraffin treatments and range of motion. What should be the typical treatment temperature for paraffin?
A. 50°C
B. 30°C
C. 40°C
D. 126°C
A. 50°C
You are working at a hospital that has not approved the SOAP note format, but instead uses the problem-oriented medical record format. What are the four major components of the POMR format?
A. Subjective, objective, assessment, plan
B. Subjective, objective, progress, potential for rehabilitation
C. Subjective, laboratory test with physician medical history, assessment, prognosis for rehabilitation
D. Subjective, treatment plan, assessment, prognosis
A. Subjective, objective, assessment, plan
In the hospital where you work, the policy states all notes must be written in the SOAP format. Your patient tells you that his chief concern is limited movement or loss of range of motion in the left shoulder. Where does this information go in the SOAP format?
A. Subjective
B. Objective
C. Assessment
D. Plan
A. Subjective
You are given the description of a type of electrical stimulation as follows: medium-frequency current, approximately 4000 Hz, and four electrodes in a crossed pattern on the patient. What type of electrical stimulation is most likely being described?
A. Low-volt electric stimulation
B. High-volt electric stimulation
C. Russian stimulation
D. Interferential current stimulation
D. Interferential current stimulation
This disorder affects bone formation and is transmitted as an autosomal dominant factor. The result is the long bones of the limbs remain short. What is the medical name for this condition?
A. Osteogenesis imperfecta
B. Bone tumor
C. Achondroplasia
D. Fibrous dysplasia
C. Achondroplasia
The chart review reveals a patient with a condition known as thyrotoxicosis. This condition is due to hyperthyroidism. The disease is characterized by an enlargement of the thyroid gland. What is not another more common name for this disease?
A. Grave’s disease
B. Primary hyperthyroidism
C. Secondary hyperthyroidism
D. Fibrous dysplasia
D. Fibrous dysplasia
There is a special type of electrical stimulation whose primary purpose is to alleviate pain for a patient. There are minimal side effects and the patient can utilize this unit 24 hours a day. What is the name for this type of electrical stimulation?
A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
B. High-volt stimulation
C. Low-volt stimulation
D. Russian stimulation
A. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
The hip musculature involves several muscle groups for different actions. Hip abduction takes place with nerve innervation from the superior gluteal nerve. Which muscles compose the hip abductor group?
A. Psoas major, iliacus, sartorius
B. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
C. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, sartorius
D. Gluteus medius, gracilis, pectineus
B. Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae
The patient injured the hip adductor muscles in a track race while jumping hurdles. The patient comes to the clinic with pain in the adductor muscle group. Several nerves innervate the hip adductor muscles?
A. Femoral, tibial
B. Femoral, superior gluteal
C. Femoral, obturator, tibial
D. Femoral, obturator, inferior gluteal
D. Femoral, obturator, inferior gluteal
A patient with inflammation comes to the clinic with evaluation and treatment orders. Which of the following modalities could be utilized to place chemical substances into the body with direct current to decrease inflammation?
A. Myoflex with ultrasound
B. Phonophoresis
C. Iontophoresis
D. Ultrasound
C. Iontophoresis
A 21-year-old female sprains her ankle at a basketball game. You are the medical staff member attending the game. You notice that swelling is beginning but she insists on continuing to play. Which of the following modalities would not decrease swelling?
A. Ice massage
B. Cryopressure
C. Ice towel
D. Evaporative coolants
D. Evaporative coolants
You are working with a physical therapist student when performing short-wave diathermy on a 36-year-old female patient. You explain that this treatment is an example of heat transferred by energy. Which term listed below correctly identifies this type of heat transfer?
A. Conversion
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Radiation
B. Convection
In physical therapy you may utilize physical or mechanical techniques, as well as manual therapy techniques. Which of the following is not example of manual therapy techniques performed by a physical therapist?
A. Grade-one mobilization
B. Grade-two mobilization
C. Grade-three mobilization
D. Grade-five mobilization
D. Grade-five mobilization
Psychology of a patient can play an important part in his or her physical therapy. Physical therapists may treat patients who are in the psychiatric ward of a hospital for a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions. The chart of psychiatric patient you are treating provides the following information: patient exhibits psychotic behavior, suspicious, resentful and rigid. What does this description most likely describe?
A. Hypochondria
B. Hysteria
C. Paranoia
D. Depression
C. Paranoia
Your patient is a 44-year-old female with low back pain resulting from no apparent cause/reason. You decide to set her up in traction with a hold period of 40 seconds, rest period 10 seconds, for 20 minutes at 60 pounds. What type of traction does this best describe?
A. Autotraction
B. Gravity lumbar traction
C. Manual traction
D. Intermittent mechanical traction
D. Intermittent mechanical traction
You have a patient reporting neck pain with a bulging disc at level C6-C7. During the history, the patient tells you that she also suffers from TMJ problems. The physician’s order is for cervical traction. What would be best for this patient?
A. Do not perform cervical traction secondary to medical history
B. Sitting cervical traction
C. Supine cervical traction with cervical spine pillow
D. Saunders cervical traction device
D. Saunders cervical traction device
You are on rounds in the psychiatric ward as a physical therapist intern. You are given the following information on a patient: he is pessimistic, irritable, lacks self-confidence, and has a gloomy outlook on life. What would be the most likely diagnosis, or problem, this patient is experiencing?
A. Hysteria
B. Depression
C. Psychopathy
D. Schizophrenia
B. Depression
The patient you are working with is a 28-year-old head injury victim of a brutal beating in an alley. The patient clinically demonstrates excessive tone in the limbs, which are resistant to both active and passive movement. Which term listed below would best describe this condition?
A. Flaccidity
B. Hypotonia
C. Hypertonia
D. Rigidity
C. Hypertonia
You are teaching a spinal cord injury patient, proper pressure relief in the wheelchair. You explain that every 10 to 15 minutes he will need to provide pressure relief independent to prevent sores or ulcers. What is the minimal level of injury this patient can have in order to be able to provide independent care for himself?
A. C4
B. C5
C. C6
D. C8
C. C6
Your last patient of the day is a spinal cord injury patient whom you are teaching self-range of motion. You explain that this will be a very important component in the home program. What is the minimal level of injury this patient can have to perform self-range of motion independently?
A. C7
B. C8
C. C5
D. C4
A. C7
A 12-year-old male is presented to the clinic with hip flexion contractures. The contractures are secondary to fibrosis where the skin is bound down to the tissue. The physician states that the patient has chronic inflammation of the connective tissue. What is the name of this medical condition?
A. Chronic contractures
B. Scleroderma
C. Fibrositis
D. Myositis
B. Scleroderma
A 26-year-old female is injured in a motor vehicle accident. The injury results in an incomplete spinal cord lesion. The symptoms are paralysis and loss of sensation, except in the sacral area. What is the correct term for this injury?
A. Cauda equina injury
B. Sacral sparing
C. Central cord syndrome
D. Brown-Sequard syndrome
B. Sacral sparing
You are to perform a postural evaluation of a patient from the side or lateral view. Specifically determining alignment for the head, scapula, and shoulder, which of the following is normal alignment?
A. Head neutral, scapula depressed, shoulder neutral
B. Head forward, scapula flat, shoulder neutral
C. Head neutral, scapula flat, shoulder neutral
D. Head hyperextended, scapula winged, shoulder neutral
C. Head neutral, scapula flat, shoulder neutral
A spinal cord patient 2 weeks post MVA is referred to physical therapy for evaluation and prognosis for rehabilitation. What muscle grade in the lower extremity is necessary for functional performance by this individual?
A. Fair
B. Fair plus
C. Poor plus
D. Good minus
B. Fair plus
You are to perform a manual muscle test on a 26-year-old hip patient. The patient can perform full range of motion in supine position for hip adduction/abduction. Using this information, what would you determine this patient’s muscle grade to be?
A. Poor
B. Trace
C. Fair
D. Zero
A. Poor
You are instructed to perform manual muscle testing on a L3-L4 spinal cord patient, who is a 21-year-old male and uncooperative. Which of the following considerations is not important?
A. Informing the patient of what you will be doing
B. Stabilizing the proximal part
C. Lining up the origin and insertion
D. Testing bilaterally, starting with the injured side first
D. Testing bilaterally, starting with the injured side first
Several types of contraction may take place with an individual muscle or muscle groups. These are classified in kinesiology with specific terms. Of the following, which is referred to as the muscle group whose contraction is considered to be the practical agent in producing a joint motion?
A. Antagonist
B. Concentric
C. Agonist
D. Eccentric
C. Agonist
You have a 29-year-old male patient who was involved in a chemical burn accident at work the day before. You are instructed to start whirlpool and debridement at 98°F. What would be the correct temperature conversion to Celsius for this patient?
A. 36°C
B. 50°C
C. 25°C
D. 30°C
A. 36°C
Which physics law can be interpreted clinically to mean that the further the infrared light, for example, is moving away from the patient, the greater the decrease in intensity will be?
A. Joule’s law
B. Ohm’s law
C. Inverse square law
D. Cosine law
C. Inverse square law
A patient is sent to physical therapy with psoriasis, and the physician orders a third-degree erythemal dosage on the patient. Then approximately 3 to 4 days the patient has slight edema with marked peeling and severe itching. What would be the approximate treatment frequency for this patient?
A. Once a week
B. Two times a week
C. Three times a week
D. Daily
A. Once a week
You are requested to treat a 56-year-old male in the neuro-intensive care unit. You find the following results on the patient: no voluntary movement, unresponsive to stimulus, no reflexes, and positive Babinski response. Which most likely describes this patient’s condition?
A. Cerebrovascular accident
B. Coma
C. Stupor
D. Uncooperative patient
B. Coma
You are an educational instructor of a physical therapist program. You explain to the class that scores on testing are going to be compared to standard deviation of the mean. What percentage of students taking your examination would you expect to score within plus and minus one standard deviation of the mean?
A. 68%
B. 70%
C. 72%
D. 50%
A. 68%
It is important to be ethical when performing a research study. Which of the following should take place first for a study to be ethical?
A. The patient should be informed that he or she has the right to terminate the experiment at any time
B. The patient should be debriefed following the experiment
C. The end results of the experiment should be explained to the patient
D. The patient should sign the informed consent document
D. The patient should sign the informed consent document
In implementing a treatment program for a patient after a non-surgical ACL reconstruction, which of the following would be the most appropriate exercise to initiate in the beginning stages of rehabilitation?
A. Full-range isokinetics for knee flexion and extension
B. Straight leg raises times six repetitions with maximal weight
C. Stair machine
D. N-K table full range of motion times six repetitions with maximal weight
C. Stair machine
You are a physical therapist providing medical coverage for a high school football game. During the course of the game, one of the football players is knocked down on the field. You rush out to his side and determine that the player is unconscious. What is the first thing you should do in examining the unconscious athlete?
A. Check breathing and, if breathing is impaired, clear the airway and proceed to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if necessary
B. Start with the head and determine first if there is any bleeding or fluid coming from the nose, ears, eyes or mouth
C. Check for shock
D. Since the victim is unconscious have someone call 911, then proceed to check the airway, breathing, and pulse
D. Since the victim is unconscious have someone call 911, then proceed to check the airway, breathing, and pulse
You have received a physician’s order to discharge an inpatient that has been under your care for a total knee replacement. Which of the following personnel would you contact first to start planning discharge from the hospital to home? Select the most appropriate answer.
A. The physician
B. Social worker
C. Patient’s family
D. Home health agency
B. Social worker
You are participating in a track and field even on a hot with high humidity. The physical therapist that is participating with you becomes severely dehydrated and, with exposure to the severe heat, goes into shock. Your colleague falls to the ground and needs immediate attention. Which of the following is the first step that should be taken?
A. First check for any wounds to see if bleeding is present
B. Body temperature should be reduced by placing a cold towels or cloths on your colleague
C. Body position should be arranged with the head and the trunk higher than the limbs
D. If available, oxygen should be administered
A. First check for any wounds to see if bleeding is present
You are testing a pediatric patient for symmetrical tonic reflex. You provide the test stimulus by flexing the patient’s head. Which of the following best describes a positive reaction to this test stimulus?
A. The arms will flex and the legs will extend
B. The arms will extend and the legs will flex
C. The will flex and the legs will flex
D. The arms will extend and the legs will extend
A. The arms will flex and the legs will extend
You are working in the spinal cord unit with a C6 spinal cord injury patient is for him or her to be able to perform independent bed mobility with side rails. In planning the treatment program, which of the following muscles would you most likely emphasize?
A. Pectoralis major
B. Neck musculature
C. Scapula musculature
D. Biceps muscle
A. Pectoralis major
You are treating a patient on the field who has the following clinical features: demonstrates muscle twitching and cramping in the lower calf, spasms in the gastrocnemius muscle, and heavy sweating. Which of the following heat disorders is this patient most likely experiencing?
A. Heat cramps
B. Heat syncope
C. Heat exhaustion
D. Heat hyperpyrexia
A. Heat cramps
A patient comes to the clinic with burns on the left anterior arm and left anterior leg. You have scheduled sterile whirlpool debridement and preparation of dressings for this patient. Utilizing the Rule of Nines and assuming this patient is an adult, what would be the specific value for the percentage of burns suffered by this patient?
A. 4.5%
B. 9%
C. 13.5%
D. 18%
C. 13.5%
The patient is sent to you for bracing as a result of a fracture at the level T10 to L1. The physician recommends a rigid high back brace for stabilization. Which of the following braces would be most appropriate to plan for this patient?
A. Lumbar corset
B. Taylor brace
C. Knight-Taylor spinal brace
D. Jewett brace
C. Knight-Taylor spinal brace
You are working in the physical therapy department with a child who has suffered burns on the left arm and left leg. Utilizing the Rule of Nines, which of the following specific values would correctly describe the percentage of the body burned?
A. 13.5%
B. 23%
C. 18%
D. 36%
B. 23%
You are treating a patient for arthritis and is reporting wrist pain. You order a typical brace utilize with arthritis patients, which supports the hand in a functional position. Which of the following braces have you ordered for the implementation of the treatment program for this patient?
A. A wrist cock-up splint
B. A resting hand splint
C. A wrist splint static
D. An ulnar/radial gutter
B. A resting hand splint
You are analyzing the gait of an individual with a prosthetic. In evaluating the gait, you notice that the socket has a poor fit and appears to have a weak suspension system, and the knee friction is too soft. Which of the following would be the most likely gait deviation that you would observe?
A. Lateral whip
B. Rotation of the foot at heel strike
C. Instability of the knee
D. Pistoning of the socket
D. Pistoning of the socket
A patient is seen in physical therapy with a brachial plexus injury. The physician has ordered that a brace or splint be used to protect the patient and promote healing. Which of the following would be correct to implement in the treatment program of a brachial plexus injury?
A. A shoulder sling
B. A shoulder splint
C. No bracing should be utilized and active motion should be encouraged
D. The patient does not need a shoulder splint but should be given an elbow splint
B. A shoulder splint
You are performing a gait evaluation on a patient who has injured his right lower extremity. In evaluating the patient’s gait, you notice that he will not bear weight on the injured extremity. When ambulating he takes a short step to transfer weight to he uninjured side as quickly as possible. Which of the following types of gait would best describe this patient’s symptoms?
A. Steppage gait
B. Foot slap
C. Antalgic gait
D. Abducted lurch
C. Antalgic gait
You are providing an education program to an industry where repetitive motion injuries are commonly seen. To assist in decreasing repetitive injuries within this company, which of the following would be the most important concept to emphasize first?
A. Instruct the employees in proper warm-up procedures
B. Instruct the employees in strengthening exercise
C. Provide the company with isokinetic testing and the results on each employee
D. Provide posters on proper body mechanics.
A. Instruct the employees in proper warm-up procedures
A patient is sent to physical therapy with a burn on the posterior aspect of the elbow. The patient has a low pain tolerance and was admitted to the hospital in the early morning. It is afternoon and the patient is sent down for physical therapy. Which of the following would be the most appropriate treatment program?
A. Active range of motion emphasizing flexion
B. Active range of motion emphasizing extension
C. Passive range of motion emphasizing extension and positioning of the elbow in full extension
D. Whirlpool
C. Passive range of motion emphasizing extension and positioning of the elbow in full extension
In implementing another cardiopulmonary program for a chest physical therapy patient, which of the following positions is most appropriate for the right middle lobe?
A. Patient is sitting in the chair leaning forward approximately 20° to 30°, resting on pillows
B. Patient is in prone position, rotated one-half turn upward, with the bed elevated 18 inches and chest tilted 20°
C. Patient is prone with pillows under the stomach
D. Patient is in left side-lying position rotated backward one-half turn, with the bed elevated 14 inches.
D. Patient is in left side-lying position rotated backward one-half turn, with the bed elevated 14 inches.
You are treating an inpatient at a local hospital status post left CVA. The patient is to return home in approximately 2 weeks and you are working on transfers into and out of a vehicle. Which of the following would be the most important to implement in this patient’s treatment program?
A. Notify the patient’s family that the patient will be leaving the hospital in 2 weeks. Request that they come in to learn how to perform transfers into and out of a vehicle.
B. You have a modified vehicle within the rehabilitation program. Have the patient practice transfers into and out of that vehicle.
C. Instruct the patient that he or she will be returning home in 2 weeks so it is extremely important to concentrate on transfer techniques and cooperate 100% with you.
D. Obtain a handicapped-parking permit for this patient.
A. Notify the patient’s family that the patient will be leaving the hospital in 2 weeks. Request that they come in to learn how to perform transfers into and out of a vehicle.
You are implementing an exercise program for a patient who is rehabilitated after right shoulder pain. Which of the following would you implement in a treatment program to assist in instructing him or her in functional training and carryover?
A. Isokinetic rehabilitation
B. PNF movements
C. The shoulder wheel
D. Dressing and undressing activities
D. Dressing and undressing activities
When evaluating a stage-three decubitus ulcer of a patient, which of the following would be the least important to note in the progress notes?
A. The size of the wound
B. Temperature
C. Hip muscle strength
D. Drainage and color
C. Hip muscle strength
You are analyzing a patient’s cardiopulmonary status in the physical therapy department. You notice during chest physical therapy that percussions sound dull with wheezing and crackles upon auscultation. These clinical signs are most likely associated with which of the following lung pathologies?
A. Atelectasis
B. Pulmonary edema
C. Pneumonia
D. Pneumothorax
B. Pulmonary edema
You are performing a treatment program for a neurological patient. You move the patient’s extremity through a predetermined range of motion. This motion is shoulder flexion and extension. Then the patient is requested to repeat the movement on her own. Which of the following are you most likely performing on this patient?
A. Kinesthesia
B. Proprioception
C. Graphesthesia
D. Barognosis
B. Proprioception
A 25-year old female 6 days post cesarean delivery has been referred to you for training in proper posture and body mechanics. Which of the following would be the proper instructions for body mechanics for a post cesarean patient?
A. Whenever sitting, the patient should avoid hard chairs because they have poor back support
B. When standing, the patient should relax the abdominal muscles in order not to place any strain upon them
C. When bending over, the patient should keep a flattened lordotic curve in the low back with a wide base of support and legs parallel
D. When getting up from a lying-down position, the patient should roll over to the side, swinging the legs over the edge and getting up slowly.
D. When getting up from a lying-down position, the patient should roll over to the side, swinging the legs over the edge and getting up slowly.
You have a cardiac patient 3 days postoperative referred to cardiac rehab program. The physician refers the patient to physical therapy for you to implement a treatment program. Which of the following treatment programs would be appropriate for this patient?
A. Ambulating 200 yards in a 5-minute period with no EKG changes or changes in symptoms
B. Lower extremity ergometry x 15 minutes
C. Lower extremity ergometry x 30 minutes
D. Upper extremity ergometry x 15 minutes
A. Ambulating 200 yards in a 5-minute period with no EKG changes or changes in symptoms
You are treating a patient who comes to physical therapy complaining of lower thoracic pain. Upon palpation you notice no significant structural or muscular problems. You decide to test the patient’s reflexes, particularly the upper abdominal reflex. Which of the following levels are you testing?
A. Thoracic 10, 11, 12
B. Thoracic 8, 9, 10
C. Thoracic 5, 6, 7
D. Thoracic 9, 10, 11
B. Thoracic 8, 9, 10
A truck driver is sent to physical therapy with a diagnosis of Bell’s palsy. The patient relates that he had been driving for 3 days continuously for periods of 12 to 14 hours on the road. The patient reports that he kept his window rolled down so that he could get fresh air to keep himself awake. What type of treatment program listed below would be most effective for this patient?
A. Direct current electrical stimulation to the motor points
B. Iontophoresis for the inflammation
C. High-volt electrical stimulation
D. Massage
A. Direct current electrical stimulation to the motor points
You are treating a pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis. The patient suffers from excessive secretions. The physician diagnosed the patient with cystic fibrosis through a sweat test. Which of the following would you implement for an appropriate treatment program for this patient?
A. Breathing exercises
B. Breathing exercises and postural drainage
C. The physician should order medication therapy
D. Chest physical therapy
B. Breathing exercises and postural drainage
The physical therapist is performing an in service on proper body mechanics to a group of physical therapist assistants. Which of the following best describes the domain in education that deals with motor skills?
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Motor skills
C. Psychomotor
In treating a 36-year-old patient for hip pain you notice, when measuring range of motion, that the patient demonstrates a capsular pattern in the hip. Which of the following best describes the capsular pattern that this patient most likely demonstrates secondary to inflammatory process of the hip?
A. Extension, abduction, internal rotation
B. Flexion, abduction, internal rotation
C. Flexion, adduction, internal rotation
D. Internal rotation, flexion, abduction
B. Flexion, abduction, internal rotation
You are implementing a treatment program for a patient emphasizing equilibrium coordination. Which of the following tests would be important to evaluate equilibrium coordination?
A. Observe the patient’s posture while the body is in motion
B. Have the patient perform finger-to-nose, finger-to-finger test, and evaluate the quality of movement
C. Test the patient’s ability to judge distance and speed of movement by drawing a circle
D. Evaluate the quality of movement control and speed with the patient pointing
A. Observe the patient’s posture while the body is in motion
You are treating a 16-year-old male diagnosed with chondromalacia, degeneration of the patellar surface. The patient is very active and participates in football, basketball, and baseball. Of the following, which exercise would you implement in this patient’s treatment program?
A. Quadriceps exercise in extension
B. Short arc quads
C. Isokinetic, limiting extension to -30°
D. Exercise bike
A. Quadriceps exercise in extension
A patient is referred to physical therapy for sensory testing. The physician has requested that you evaluate the protective sensations of the patient and implement a treatment program to enhance them. Which of the following would be the most appropriate test to perform on this patient?
A. Deep pressure
B. Proprioception
C. Two-point discrimination
D. Light touch
D. Light touch
A new physician on staff refers a patient to physical therapy with a diagnosis of Down’s syndrome. Which of the following treatments should be implemented in this patient’s physical therapy program?
A. No specific therapy is necessary for this patient
B. Range of motion and exercise
C. Medication
D. Increase muscle strengthening
A. No specific therapy is necessary for this patient
You are instructed to perform mobilization on the glenohumeral joint of a patient 6 weeks post heart surgery. You wish to increase abduction of the shoulder for this patient. Which of the following would be the correct mobilization technique?
A. Inferior glide
B. Posterior glide
C. Anterior glide
D. Posterior and anterior glide
A. Inferior glide
You are treating a neurological patient in a rehabilitation unit. You are treating the patient according to the theories of Brunnstrom. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment emphasis according to Brunnstrom?
A. Limb synergies are a necessary intermediate stage of recovery and the patient should be encouraged to use limb synergies patterns
B. Patient should learn diagonal pattern of movement
C. Do no reinforce abnormal patterns of movement
D. Do not use associated reactions
A. Limb synergies are a necessary intermediate stage of recovery and the patient should be encouraged to use limb synergies patterns
You are planning the treatment program for a patient who is referred to physical therapy with Huntington’s chorea. This is a hereditary disease that is characterized by irregular movements and tremors. In planning this patient’s treatment program, which of the following could a licensed physical therapist perform?
A. Advise the physician to prescribe medication to slow down the disease
B. Advise the patient that there is no treatment; therefore, you are sorry but you cannot help him
C. Call the family and suggest family education regarding the disease also contact the social worker for involvement
D. Utilize postural exercises and balance activities
C. Call the family and suggest family education regarding the disease also contact the social worker for involvement
You are assessing a patient for a neurological problem as a result of an arterial occlusion in the brain. The patient demonstrates ataxia with severe coordination problems. Which of the following arteries has most likely been occluded in the brain?
A. Middle cerebral artery
B. Posterior cerebral artery
C. Cerebellar artery
D. Vertebral artery
C. Cerebellar artery
You are fabricating an orthotic for a patient with a left foot disorder. The patient has a diagnosis of pes planus. The patient will require a longitudinal arch for support and to correct the pes planus. Which of the following shoe modifications would most likely to be prescribed for this patient?
A. Thomas heel
B. Rocker bottom
C. Scaphoid pads
D. Metatarsal bars
C. Scaphoid pads
You are implementing a treatment program for a patient who is 1-day post cesarean delivery. Which of the following would not be an appropriate exercise program on day 1?
A. Diaphragmatic breathing
B. Huffing
C. Pelvic floor exercises
D. Leg slides
D. Leg slides
A patient is referred to physical therapy with heterotopic bone growth in the quadriceps muscle. The physician has x-rayed the patient and determined that the disease is active. The diagnosis on the script is myositis ossificans. The order is “evaluate and treat.” Which of the following treatment programs would be most appropriate for this patient?
A. Heat and general exercise
B. Rest
C. Exercise bicycle
D. Treadmill
B. Rest
You have a patient sent from the psychiatric ward to physical therapy for exercise to alleviate his anxiety. When in the clinic the patient becomes withdrawn. The patient occasionally shifts from withdrawal into obscene language, demonstrates very bizarre behavior, and seems to have problems cooperating with physical therapy. Based on these symptoms, which of the following most likely describes the condition of this patient?
A. Paranoia
B. Depression
C. Schizophrenia
D. Psychopathy
C. Schizophrenia
A patient is referred to physical therapy with an open wound on the lateral malleolus of the right ankle. He is a spinal cord patient who has developed this wound through improper pressure on the ankle. The physician’s order is for a lamp to assist in killing the bacteria in the wound healing. In implementing this patient’s treatment program, which of the following lamps would be utilized?
A. Hot mercury lamp
B. High-pressure mercury vapor lamp
C. Low-pressure mercury vapor lamp
D. Ultraviolet lamp
C. Low-pressure mercury vapor lamp
While performing a musculoskeletal reassessment on a patient you particularly note the end-feel of the glenohumeral joint. The end-feel can be characterized as a hard leather-like stoppage at the end of range of motion. There is full normal range of motion of the shoulder with a slight give at the end. Which of the following best describes the end-feel of this particular patient?
A. Bone-to-bone end-feel
B. Capsular end-feel
C. Empty end-feel
D. Springy block end-feel
B. Capsular end-feel
A patient is sent to physical therapy with an ulnar nerve injury on the right hand. The patient works at a factory sorting various parts for 8 hours a day. The patient is very motivated with rehabilitation and anxious to be aggressive in physical therapy. Which of the following muscles are you going to emphasize with this patient in physical therapy?
A. Flexor pollicis longus
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
C. Flexor digitorum superficialis
D. Flexor carpi radialis
B. Flexor carpi ulnaris
A 60-year old patient has an injury to the brachial plexus as a result of an automobile accident. Muscle testing shows the patient has a fair minus grade of rhomboids, levator scapulae, and serratus anterior. The physician has determined that the patient has injured the dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves. Which of the following best describes the origin of injury to the brachial plexus?
A. From the rami of the plexus
B. From the trunks of the plexus
C. From the lateral cord of the plexus
D. From the medial cord of the plexus
A. From the rami of the plexus
A patient is a 22-year old tennis player with a shoulder injury. You are palpating the external rotators of the shoulder. You are palpating the muscle to determine if tenderness or edema exists. The ideal position for palpation of this muscle as it relates to the joint could best be described by which of the following?
A. Loose-packed position
B. Closed-packed position
C. 20° of movement
D. 90° of movement
A. Loose-packed position
You are evaluating a patient status post cerebrovascular injury. Upon evaluation you note that the patient has the following characteristics: paralysis and weakness on the right side, possible motor apraxia, and a decreased discrimination between left and right. These symptoms describe which of the following?
A. Right hemisphere injury
B. Left hemisphere injury
C. Cerebellar injury
D. Brainstem Injury
B. Left hemisphere injury
You are implementing a treatment program of pelvic traction for a patient with a back disorder. Which of the following percentages would cause distraction of the vertebral bodies with lumbar traction?
A. 30% of the patient’s body weight
B. 50% of the patient’s body weight
C. 25% of the patient’s body weight
D. 35% of the patient’s body weight
B. 50% of the patient’s body weight
The physician has ordered electrical stimulation to stimulate a denervated muscle. Which of the following types of electrical types of electrical current would you most likely select to meet this treatment objective?
A. Alternating current
B. High-volt current
C. Direct current
D. Interferential stimulation
C. Direct current
You are performing goniometric measurement of the shoulder for external rotation. How should the stationary arm of the goniometer be positioned to appropriately measure this patient?
A. Longitudinally with the shaft of the ulna
B. Longitudinally with the styloid process
C. Parallel or perpendicular to the midline of the floor
D. Longitudinally over the shaft of the humerus
C. Parallel or perpendicular to the midline of the floor
You are assisting in planning the diet of a runner for a prolonged low-intensity running event. You are determining the number of calories required in the conversion process for energy. The number of calories required is different for protein, carbohydrates, and fats. One gram of carbohydrates yields 4 calories. How many grams of fat would yield 9 calories for this runner?
A. 1
B. 2.25
C. 3
D. 4
A. 1
A physician has prescribed iontophoresis for a patient with acute inflammation. The chemical ion to be utilized in this case by direct current should be negative. Which of the following chemical ions listed below would be appropriate to use for a negative current?
A. Hydrocortisone
B. Lidocaine
C. Magnesium
D. Salicylate
D. Salicylate
You are determining a treatment program for a weightlifter that injured his quadriceps muscle during a maximal lift. You are interested in performing an eccentric contraction for strengthening. Which of the following exercises would be most appropriate for this patient?
A. Lowering a weight during a hard press, performing a negative repetition
B. Isokinetics
C. Exercise bicycle
D. Accelerating the lifting on initiation of movement.
A. Lowering a weight during a hard press, performing a negative repetition
A physical therapist is practicing in a rural setting and supervising a physical therapist assistant and a physical therapy aide. The physical therapist will be off for 1 day to attend a continuing education course on preventing low back pain in OB/GYN patients. While the physical therapist is away, the physical therapist assistant will be able to perform all the following duties except?
A. Carrying out modified treatment programs
B. Supervising the physical therapy aide
C. Evaluating inpatients
D. Writing progress notes
C. Evaluating inpatients
You are performing a respiratory assessment on a patient for a chest physical therapy program. When reading the chart you are looking at the values of testing performed by the respiratory therapist. One of the particular values that you note is the amount of air that can be forcibly expired by the patient after maximum inspiration. Which of the following was the respiratory therapist evaluating?
A. Forced expiratory volume
B. Forced inspiratory volume
C. Inspiratory capacity
D. Tidal volume
A. Forced expiratory volume
Which of the following affects would occur through aerobic exercise in a cardiopulmonary training program for a patient?
A. Resting heart rate increases
B. Cardiac output decreases
C. Tidal volume decreases
D. Resting heart rate decreases
D. Resting heart rate decreases
You have determined that treating a neurological patient with an exteroceptive stimulation technique would be quite effective in the inhibition of muscles that are extremely spastic. Which of the following techniques listed below would be best in inhibiting the muscles?
A. Prolonged icing
B. Quick icing
C. Hot packs
D. Quick stretch
A. Prolonged icing
You are performing mobilization on a patient to decrease pain and increase range of motion. It is the patient’s first time in the rehabilitation department and you thoroughly explain what to anticipate from the mobilization. You begin by mobilizing the involved side first and comparing it to the uninvolved. Which of the following would not be an absolute contraindication to performing mobilization on this patient?
A. Active inflammation
B. Active infection
C. Hypermobility
D. Recent fracture
C. Hypermobility
In implementing a prenatal care program for a patient, which one of the following elements may not be included in her physical therapy regimen?
A. Relaxation training
B. Kegel exercises
C. Activities of daily living modifications
D. Valsalva’s maneuver
D. Valsalva’s maneuver
You are treating a patient who has suffered a second-degree collateral ligament injury. The patient injured the knee as a result of a lateral hit during football practice. The patient is currently 2 days post injury. Which of the following is the recommended treatment for a second-degree medial collateral ligament injury?
A. Crutch ambulation with toe touch weight bearing
B. Swimming x 20 minutes, flutter kick only
C. Exercise bike x 15 minutes
D. Whirlpool for range of motion
A. Crutch ambulation with toe touch weight bearing
You are implementing a treatment program for a 26-year-old female who is approximately 2 months away from delivering a baby. The patient has been sent to the clinic for low back pain. In implementing a treatment program, which of the following exercises would not be appropriate for this patient to perform.
A. Diaphragmatic breathing
B. Pelvic floor exercise
C. Partial curl-ups
D. Postural instructions
C. Partial curl-ups
This case study involves a spinal cord patient. The patient has the following functional outcomes: vital capacity is 80%, patient is independent with floor to wheelchair transfers, and patient can perform gait with bilateral KAFO and a walker. Based on this information, which of the following is probably the level of lesion of this patient?
A. T1 to T5
B. T9 to T12
C. L4 to L5
D. T6 to T8
B. T9 to T12
You are a physical therapist student who is studying the classes of levers in kinesiology. The instructor describes one class of lever in the following way: a common example is a seesaw, or in the body the example would be the atlanto-occipital joint. With the information given above, which of the following is most likely the class of lever described?
A. First -class lever
B. Second-class lever
C. Third-class lever
D. Fourth-class lever
A. First -class lever
You are preparing to perform vibration on a neonate. Which of the following would be a contraindication to performing vibration?
A. Persistent fetal circulation
B. Intolerance to treatment as indicated by low TcPCO2 values
C. Increased irritability during treatment
D. Bradycardia
B. Intolerance to treatment as indicated by low TcPCO2 values
You are treating a patient for a lower limb deformity. Upon analyzing the patient’s lower extremity, you notice that the distal aspect of the tibia is rotated or twisted medially as compared with its proximal end. Which of the following would best describe this condition?
A. Anteversion
B. Retroversion
C. Internal tibial torsion
D. Genu valgum
C. Internal tibial torsion
A physician has ordered whirlpool and debridement to assist in the healing process of a patient with a 2-day-old wound injury. The patient has inflammation as a result of the injury. The layered skin that has been damaged is composed largely of fibrous connective tissue. The nerve fiber and blood vessels are located in this area. Which layer of the tissue has been damaged based on the above description?
A. The epidermis
B. The dermis
C. The subcutaneous layer
D. Adipose cells
B. The dermis
A patient is sent to physical therapy with a prescription for gait training. The physician has advised you to use a three-point gait pattern with axillary crutch non-weight bearing on the left lower extremity. The patient will need to be measured for correct crutch fitting. Which of the following would be the degree of elbow flexion that would be most desirable for axillary crutches?
A. 10° to 20°
B. 20°to 30°
C. 30°
D. 35°
B. 20°to 30°
You are performing physical therapy on a retired judge with arthritis in the right hip. After several sessions of heat, ultrasound, and therapeutic exercise, the judge reports that he is feeling the best that he has ever felt. At the end of the session the judge decides to shake your hand and slips you a 20-dollar bill. Which of the following would be proper to do in this situation?
A. Keep the $20 tip and slip it in your pocket
B. Keep the money and place it in the coffee can in the department
C. Explain to the judge that you appreciate his tip but that in a professional relationship, it is unethical for you to accept tips
D. Keep the tip and donate it to a charity
C. Explain to the judge that you appreciate his tip but that in a professional relationship, it is unethical for you to accept tips
You are performing an evaluation on a patient secondary to a wrist injury from an industrial accident. Upon testing, the patient has a positive Tinel’s sign. A positive Tinel’s sign would indicate pain over which of the following?
A. Severed blood vessel
B. Severed ligament
C. Severed muscle
D. Severed nerve
D. Severed nerve
In a research study, the test yields a statement saying the probability of the distribution obtained occurred by chance alone. This is a statistical test for an association between observed data and expected data represented by frequencies. Which of the following does this define?
A. Chi square
B. Data
C. T-test
D. Null hypothesis (HO)
A. Chi square
The local community center calls you and asks if you will come over and perform a class on self-range of motion to senior citizens to help them maintain their motion. When you go to the geriatric center, which of the following movements would you least likely emphasize?
A. Chin tucks
B. Pectoralis stretch
C. Hip flexion
D. Shoulder flexion
C. Hip flexion
You are performing a pediatric assessment for growth and development in a 9-month-old patient. Which of the following should this patient be able to perform?
A. The patient should be able to stand and walk holding onto furniture
B. The patient should be able to sit alone and crawl
C. The patient should be able to stand and walk unaided
D. The patient should be able to sit on a small chair
B. The patient should be able to sit alone and crawl
