Giles B Flashcards
1
Q
A physical therapist performs the Thessaly test to a patient with a suspected meniscal tear. This testing procedure would require the therapist to:
a. Passively medially rotate the patient’s tibia and extend the knee
b. Cup the patient’s heel and allow the knee to extend from a fully flexed position
c. Grasp the patient’s hands in standing to promote balance
d. Passively flex and extend the patient’s hands in standing to promote balance
A
c. Grasp the patient’s hands in standing to promote balance
2
Q
A physical orders electromyography for a patient with a brachial plexus injury to objectively determine the extent of pathology. Which of the following responses is MOST indicative of a normal muscle at rest?
Electrical silence
Spontaneous potentials
Polyphasic potentials
Occasional motor unit potentials
A
Electrical silence
3
Q
A patient being treated in physical therapy experiences a syncopal event. A review of the patient’s medical record indicates that the patient has had diarrhea and vomiting within the last 24 hours. The MOST likely cause associated with the syncopal event is?
Anemia
Dehydration
Orthostatic hypotension
Pregnancy
A
Dehydration
4
Q
A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient currently undergoing active treatment for an osteosarcoma. Which statement BEST describes this condition?
a. A malignant growth affecting the long bones
b. A malignant growth affecting the flat bones
c. A benign growth affecting the long bones
d. A benign growth affecting the flat bones
A
a. A malignant growth affecting the long bones
4
Q
A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. When observing the posterior aspect of the patient’s lower leg and ankle in standing, the MOST probable finding is:
Forefoot adduction
Hindfoot valgus
Hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius
Swelling in the ankle region.
A
Hindfoot valgus
5
Q
A physical therapist is informed that a patient was diagnosed with a Lisfranc injury after returning from a physician visit. The patient was originally diagnosed with a minor lateral ankle sprain, however, returned to the physician after falling to make progress. Which bone would be LEAST likely to be impacted with this type of injury?
Calcaneus
Cuboid
Second cuneiform
Navicular
A
Calcaneus
6
Q
A physical therapist completes a sensory assessment on a 61-year-old female diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. As part of the assessment the therapist examines stereognosis, vibration, and two point discrimination. What type of receptor is primarily responsible for generating the necessary information?
Deep sensory receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Nociceptors
Thermoreceptors
A
Mechanoreceptors
7
Q
A physical therapist completes a developmental assessment on an infant. At what age should an infant begin to sit with hand support for an extended period of time?
6-7 months
8-9 months
10-11 months
12-15 months
A
6-7 months
7
Q
A patient rehabilitating from congestive heart failure is examined in physical therapy. During the examination the patient begins to complain of pain The MOST immediate physical therapist action is to:
a. Notify the nursing staff to administer pain medication
b. Contact the referring physician
c. Disconnection the treatment session
d. Ask the patient to describe the location and severity of the pain.
A
Ask the patient to describe the location and severity of the pain.
8
Q
A patient demonstrates a significant loss of strength when trying to grasp a cup. However, the patient has much less difficulty when holding onto a pencil. This type of clinical scenarios consistent with pathology affective the:
Median nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
A
Ulnar nerve
9
Q
A patient presents with ape hand deformity secondary to a peripheral nerve injury. Which of the following findings would MOST likely be noted on examination?
a. Decreased strength with thumb opposition
b. Fixed flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints
c. Fixed hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints
d. Wasting of the hypothenar eminence
A
a. Decreased strength with thumb opposition
9
Q
A physical therapist reviews a research study that examines knee flexion range of motion two weeks following arthroscopic surgery. Assuming knee flexion range of motion is a normally distributed variable, what percentage of patients in the population would achieve a goniometric measurement value between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?
14%
34%
48%
68%
A
34%
10
Q
An entry in a patient’s medical record indicates that the patient has recently received viscosupplementation. This type of procedure is MOST commonly performed to treat:
Arrhythmias
Bursitis
Osteoarthritis
Spasticity
A
Osteoarthritis
11
Q
A patient recently visited a podiatrist and was told to purchase a heel lift for one of their shoes. Which condition would be LEAST likely to benefit from the use of the heel lift?
True leg length discrepancy
Achilles tendonitis
Achilles tendon repair
Calcaneal bone spur
A
Calcaneal bone spur
12
Q
A physical therapist collects data as part of a preseason athletic screening program designed to identify individuals suspectible to heart illness. Which of the following measures would be the MOST valuable to collect?
Heat
Weight
Percent body fat
Vital capacity
A
Percent body fat
13
Q
A physical therapist employed in an acute care hospital works with a patient on bed mobility activities. The therapist would like to incorporate a strengthening activity for the hip extensors that will improve the patient’s ability to independently reposition in bed, however, the patient does not have adequate strength to perform bridging . The MOST appropriate exercise activity is:
Anterior pelvic tilts
Heel slides
Straight leg raises
Isometric gluteal sets
A
Isometric gluteal sets
14
Q
A patient with a transtibial amputation is performing gait training. After 15 minutes of training, the patellar tendon bearing prosthesis is removed and the skin is inspected. Redness is noted on multiple areas of the residual limb. Which area of redness would be the GREATEST concern?
Patellar tendon
Fibular shaft
Gastrocnemius muscle
Distal anterior tibia
A
Distal anterior tibia
15
Q
A physical therapist uses a self-care assessment to examine change over time in rehabilitation programs. The assessment uses a seven point scale to examine 18 items. The collected information is based on observations of patient performance. This type of assessment MOST closely describes the:
Functional Independence Measure
Functional Status Index
Physical Self-Maintenance Scale
Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living
A
Functional Independence Measure
16
Q
A physical therapy working on a pulmonary rehabilitation unit works with a patient on therapeutic positioning. The patient has experienced a lengthy inpatient hospitalization and was only recently referred to physical therapy. The patient has significant weakness of the diaphragm and is hypertensive. The MOST appropriate patient position to initiate treatment is:
a. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to pneumonia
b. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to active tuberculosis
c. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to pneumonia
d. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis
A
d. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis
17
Q
A physical therapist works with a patient who is HIV positive and has been admitted to an acute care hospital for a course of intravenous antibiotics. The patient’s medical record states that he has had a persistent cough producing bloody sputum for four weeks and that airborne precautions should be observed. The MOST likely rationale for this level of precaution is to:
a. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to pneumonia
b. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to active tuberculosis
c. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to pneumonia
d. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis
A
d. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis
18
Q
A physical therapist determines that a patient’s cadence is 120 steps per minute. How long would it take the patient to complete 120 full strides?
30 seconds
60 seconds
120 seconds
240 seconds
A
120 seconds
19
Q
A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of temporomandibular joint pain. After completing the examination, the physical therapist suspects that the patient may actually be experiencing referred visceral pain. Which organ is MOST likely involved?
Heart
Liver
Diaphragm
Pancreas
A
Heart
20
Q
A physical therapist reviews risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Which patient would be MOST at risk for a pressure ulcer?
a. A 55-year-old Caucasian male with diabetes
b. A 60-year-old African American female with a C7 spinal cord injury
c. An 80-year-old African American male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
d. A 65-year-old Caucasian female status post total knee arthroplasty
A
b. A 60-year-old African American female with a C7 spinal cord injury
21
Q
A physical therapist treats a patient wearing a shoe that incorporates a rocker bottom. This type of modification would be the MOST beneficial for a patient diagnosed with:
Achilles tendonitis
Hallux rigidus
Plantar fasciitis
Posterior tibial tendonitis
A
Hallux rigidus
22
A patient following total hip arthroplasty using a posterolateral surgical approach experiences hip instability. Which finding would BEST explain the reason for the instability?
Trabecular bone erosion
Femoral nerve paralysis
Posterior capsule damage
Hip abductor weakness
Posterior capsule damage
23
A 68-year-old is referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis. Associated articular changes are MOST likely attributed to:
Age-related changes
Trauma from previous injuries
Congenital bony abnormalities
Underlying inflammatory processes
Age-related changes
23
A patient with diabetes insipidus is being treated with exogenous administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which potential side effect of ADH is MOST likely?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased blood pressure
Hypovolemia
Constipation
Increased blood pressure
24
A physical therapist reviews a patient’s medical record and identifies an entry that indicates the patient was recently prescribed an emetic agent. The PRIMARY purpose of this pharmacological agent is to:
Promote defecation
Induce vomiting
Minimize gastrointestinal irritation
Reduce diarrhea
Induce vomiting
25
A 48-year-old female patient is referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome. As part of the session, the patient describes a number of exercises that she was instructed to perform by her personal trainer. Which exercise would likely be the MOST problematic?
a. Terminal knee extension in standing
b. Mini-Squats from 0-30 degrees of knee flexion
c. Long arc quads from 0-45 degrees of knee flexion
d. Quadriceps setting in terminal knee extension in supine.
c. Long arc quads from 0-45 degrees of knee flexion
26
A patient with a T3 spinal cord injury exercising on a treatment table in supine begins to exhibit signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia including a dramatic increase in blood pressure. The MOST immediate action to address the patient’s blood pressure response is to:
Elevate the patient’s legs
Call for assistance
Sit the patient upright
Check the urinary drainage system
Sit the patient upright
27
A patient rehabilitating from a traumatic head injury is lethargic since being placed on Phenobarbital. The PRIMARY purpose of the medication is to:
Decrease agitation
Prevent seizures
Reduce spasticity
Limit arrhythmias
Prevent seizures
28
A patient with a transtibial amputation ambulates in a physical therapy gym. The patient exhibits an extended knee throughout early stance phase on the prosthetic side. The MOST appropriate action to resolve the patient’s difficulty is:
Plantar flex the foot
Soften the heel wedge
Move the foot anteriorly
Dorsiflex the foot
Dorsiflex the foot
28
A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. As part of the examination the therapist assesses end-feel. The therapist classifies the end-feel associated with wrist extension as firm. The MOST logical explanation is:
a. Tension in the dorsal radiocarpal ligament and the dorsal joint capsule
b. Contact between the ulna and the carpal bones
c. Contact between the radius and the carpal bones
d. Tension in the palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar joint capsule.
d. Tension in the palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar joint capsule.
29
A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome. As part of the examination the therapist elects to measure the patient’s Q angle. Which three bony landmarks are used to measure the Q angle?
a. Anterior superior iliac spine, superior border of the patella, tibial tubercle
b. Anterior superior iliac spine, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle
c. Anterior superior iliac spine, inferior border of the patella, midpoint of the patella tendon
d. Greater trochanter, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle
b. Anterior superior iliac spine, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle
30
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31
A physical therapist examines a patient with multidirectional instability of the shoulder. Which Position would be the MOST appropriate when assessing posterior instability of the shoulder?
a. Abduction to 90 degrees with neutral rotation
b. Abduction to 90 degrees with full internal rotation.
c. Flexion to 90 degrees with full internal rotation
d. Arm at the side in neutral rotation
c. Flexion to 90 degrees with full internal rotation
32
A physical therapist employed in a busy outpatient orthopedic clinic attempts to determine a schedule for caliberation and maintenance of an ultrasound unit. The MOST important factor for the therapist to consider when determining an appropriate schedule is:
a. Beam nonuniformity ration
b. Frequency of use
c. Cost associated with caliberation and maintenance
d. Availability of qualified personnel
b. Frequency of use
33
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33
A patient is treated using pulsed wave ultrasound at 1.2 W/cm2 for seven minutes. The specific parameters of the pulsed wave are 2 msec on time and 8 msec off time for one pulse period. The duty cycle should be recorded as:
10%
20%
25%
50%
20%
34
A physical therapist examines the output form a single lead electrocardiogram of a patient with first degree atrioventricular hear block. The defining characteristic of this condition is an/an:
Inverted T wave
Prolonged PR interval
Bizarre QRS complex
ST segment depression
Prolonged PR interval
35
A patient diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis exhibits a forward stooped posture. As part of the patient’s care plan the physical therapist selects a number of active exercises that promote improved posture. Which proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern would be the MOST appropriate to achieve the therapist’s objective?
D1 extension
D1 Flexion
D2 extension
D2 flexion
D2 flexion
35
A physical therapist completing a balance assessment positioning a patient in standing prior to administering the Romberg test. When administering the Romberg test, it would be MOST important for the therapist to determine:
a. The width of the base of support necessary in order to maintain standing
b. The amount of time the patient is able to maintain the test position
c. The amount of sway present during the testing period
d. The complexity of tasks the patient is able to perform with eyes open and eyes closed
c. The amount of sway present during the testing period
36
A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease prior to initiating treatment. Which objective finding would MOST severely limit the patient’s ability to participate in an ambulation exercise program?
Signs of resting claudication
Decreased peripheral pulses
Cool skin
Blood pressure of 165/90 mm Hg
Signs of resting claudication
37
A seven-year-old boy sitting in the physical therapy waiting area suddenly grasps his throat and appears to be in distress. The boy slowly stands, but is obviously unable to breathe. The physical therapist recognizing the signs of an airay obstruction should administer:
Abdominal thrust
Chest thrust
Rescue breathing
Finger sweep
Abdominal thrust
38
A patient reports significant discomfort in the lower leg during ultrasound treatment . The therapist believes the discomfort is caused by periosteal pain from the ultrasound. Which scenario is MOST likely associated with the patient’s subjective report of discomfort?
a. An ultrasound unit with a high beam nonuniformity ratio
b. An ultrasound unit with a low beam nonuniformity ratio
c. A transducer with a large effective radiating area
d. A transducer with a small effective radiating area
a. An ultrasound unit with a high beam nonuniformity ratio
39
A physical therapist participates in a research study that examines body composition as a function of aerobic exercise and diet. Which method of data collection would provide the physical therapist with the MOST valid measurement of body composition?
Anthropometric measurements
Bioelectrical impedance
Hydrostatic weighing
Skinfold measurements
Hydrostatic weighing
40
A physical therapist reviews the surgical report of a patient that sustained extensive burns in a fire. The report indicates that at the time of primary exercision, cadaver skin was utilized to close the wound. This type of graft is termed:
Allograft
Autograft
Heterograft
Xenograft
Allograft
41
A patient classifies the intensity of exercise as a 16 using Borg’s (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. This classification BEST corresponds to:
a. 40 Percent of the maximum heart rate range
b. 60 Percent of the maximum heart rate range
c. 70 Percent of the maximum heart rate range
d. 85 Percent of the maximum heart rate range
d. 85 Percent of the maximum heart rate range
42
A male patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity injury is referred to a physical therapy for gait analysis. The physical therapist begins the session by observing the patient at free speed walking. The normal degree of toe-out at this speed is:
3 Degrees
7 Degrees
14 Degrees
21 Degrees
7 Degrees
42
A patient diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome discusses his past medical history with a physical therapist. The patient reports having anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery on his right knee two years ago, however, the therapist is not able to identify a scar over the anterior surface of the right knee. Assuming the surgeon utilized an autograft for the reconstruction, which of the following would be the MOST likely graft site?
a. Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
b. Semitendinosus and gracilis
c. Semimembranosus and gracilis
d. Semitendinosus and biceps femoris
b. Semitendinosus and gracilis
43
A physical therapist observes the gait of a child with spastic cerebral palsy. The therapist notes that the child exhibits excessive lordosis during ambulation. Which surgical procedure would BEST address this postural deformity?
Hamstring tendon lengthening
Adductor longus tendon lengthening
Iliopsoas tendon lengthening
Lumbar laminectomy
Iliopsoas tendon lengthening
44
A physical therapist completes a series of resisted movements on a patient with a lower extremity injury. The patient denies pain initially, but complains of increasing pain after performing a number of repetitions. This scenario is MOST consistent with:
Complete rupture of a tendon
Intermittent claudication
Ligamentous laxity
Emotional hypersensitivity
Intermittent claudication
45
A physical therapist treats a patient with right medial epicondylitis. When positioning the patient’s ulnohumeral joint in the loose packed position, the therapist should allow for:
Full extension
70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination
70 degrees flexion, 35 degrees supination
Full extension, full supination
70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination
46
Members of the community health task force evaluate a proposal for a new adolescent screening program. Several members of the task force raise questions as to the validity of the screening instrument. Which measure of validity examines the instrument’s ability to identify diseased persons by comparing true positives?
Adaptability
Selectivity
Sensitivity
Specificity
Sensitivity
47
A physical therapist attempts to quantify a patient’s endurance level by administering a maximal exercise test. What is the PRIMARY limitation of a maximal exercise test?
a. Maximal exercise testing requies participants to exercise to the point of violational fatigue
b. Maximal exercise testing does not typically allow a steady state heart rate at each work rate.
c. Maximal exercise testing is not useful in diagnosing coronary artery disease.
d. Maximal exercise testing requires progressive stages of increasing work intensities without rest intervals.
a. Maximal exercise testing requires participants to exercise to the point of volitional fatigue
48
A physical therapist prepares to complete a sensory examination on a patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity burn. Which of the following would serve as the BEST predictor of altered sensation?
Presence of a skin graft
Depth of burn injury
Percentage of body surface affected
Extent of hypertrophic scarring
Depth of burn injury
49
A physical therapist would like to minimize the likelihood of a burn when using iontophoresis. Which action would be the MOST consistent with the therapist’ objective?
a. Increase the size of the cathode relative to the anode
b. Decrease the space between the electrodes
c. Increase the current intensity
d. Decrease the moisture of the electrodes
a. Increase the size of the cathode relative to the anode
50
A physical therapist reviews a patient coverage form that lists the parameters used during a recent ultrasound treatment to the right anterior shoulder: 1.5 W/cm 2, pulsed 20%, 1 MHz, 6 minutes. Assuming the objective of the ultrasound was to increase tissue temperature, which parameter would be the MOST critical for the therapist to alter?
Time
Duty cycle
Frequency
Intensity
Duty cycle
51
A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the vestibulocochlear nerve by administering the Rinne test on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron lesion. After striking the tine of the tuning fork to begin vibration, which bony prominence should the therapist utilize to position the stem of the tuning fork?
Midline of the skull
Occipital protuberance
Inion
Mastoid process
Mastoid process
52
A physical therapist prepares to apply a topical antibiotic to a small portion of the upper arm of the patient with a deep partial-thickness burn. When applying the topical antibiotic, the therapist should utilize which form of medical asepsis?
Gloves
Sterile gloves
Sterile gloves, gown
Sterile gloves, gown, mask
Sterile gloves
53
A physical therapist examines a patient with coordination deficits presenting with excessive involuntary and extraneous movements including hemiballismus. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with the damage to the:
Cerebellum
Basal Ganglia
Frontal lobe
Medulla oblongata
Basal Ganglia
53
A patient with Addison’s disease suffers from fatigue and extreme weight loss. The MOST likely cause of this patient’s symptoms is:
a. Decreased production of cortisol
b. Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland
c. Decreased absorption of nutrients within the intestines
d. Hyperfunction of the adrenal gland
a. Decreased production of cortisol
54
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54
A physical therapist examines a patient with a suspected injury to the thoracodorsal nerve.Which objective finding would be consistent with this injury?
Shoulder medial rotation weakness
Shoulder extension weakness
Paralysis of the rhomboids
Paralysis of the diaphragm
Shoulder extension weakness
55
A physical therapist works with a patient using a floatation device positioned vertically in the deep end of a pool. Which area of the patient’s body would experience the GREATEST amount of hydrostatic pressure?
Shoulders
Torso
Hips
Feet
Feet
56
A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient two days following total hip arthroplasty using a posterolateral surgical approach. Which muscle experiences the GREATEST trauma with this surgical procedure?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Piriformis
Vastus lateralis
Gluteus maximus
56
A physical therapist completes an examination on a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Results of the examination on a patient diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. Results of the examination include ⅘ strength in the lower extremities, 10- degree flexion contraction at the hips, and exaggerated forward standing posture. The patient has difficulty initiating movement and requires manual assistance for gait on level surfaces. The MOST appropriate activity to incorporate into a home program is:
a. Prone lying
b. Progressive relaxation exercises
c. Lower extremity resistive exercises with ankle weights
d. Post awareness exercises in standing
Prone lying
56
The medical record indicates a patient has been diagnosed with chronic respiratory alkalosis. The MOST consistent laboratory finding with this condition is:
a. Elevated arterial blood pH, Low PaCO2
b. Low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
c. Elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2
d. Low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2
a. Elevated arterial blood pH, Low PaCO2
57
A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident sustains a proximal fibula fracture. The fracture damaged the motor component of the common peroneal nerve. Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion are tested as ⅖. The MOST appropriate intervention to assist the patient with activities of daily living would be:
Electrical stimulation
Orthosis
Exercise program
Aquatic program
Orthosis
58
A physical therapist instructs a patient with pulmonary pathology in energy conservation techniques. Which of the following techniques would be the MOST effective when assisting a patient to complete a selected activity without dyspnea?
Diaphragmatic breathing
Pacing
Pursed-lip breathing
Ventilator muscle trainin
Pacing
59
During an examination, a physical therapist notes a yellow discoloration of the patient’s skin and sclera of the eye. This discoloration would be LEAST likely observed with:
Cholecystitis
Ulcerative colitis
Pancreatitis
Hepatitis
Ulcerative colitis
60
A physical therapist consults with the teacher of a nine-year-old child with dyspraxia. Which of the following school based activities would be the MOST challenging for the child?
a. Maintaining upright sitting posture in a classroom chair
b. Negotiating a crowded a halfway between classrooms
c. Opening and closing a locker
d. Writing their name
b. Negotiating a crowded a halfway between classrooms
61
A physical therapist works with a nine-year-old child with Down syndrome. The therapist determines that the patient has abnormalities in muscular tone consistent with the diagnosed condition. Which techniques would be the MOST beneficial when treating the patient’s tone abnormalities?
Quick stretch
Deep pressure
Prolonged icing
Neutral warmth
Quick stretch
62
A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. Which patient profile if MOST typical with this medical condition?
a. A 42-year-old female with osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral condyle
b. A 64-year-old female with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle
c. A 46-year-old male with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle
d. A 68-year-old male with osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral condyle
b. A 64-year-old female with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle
63
A physical therapist employed in a rehabilitation hospital treats post traumatic brain injury. During the treatment session the therapist notices that the patient’s toes are discolored below a bivalved lower extremity cast. The cast was applied approximately five hours ago in an attempt to reduce a plantar flexion contracture. The MOST appropriate therapist action is to:
a. Discontinue the use of the anterior portion of the cast
b. Contact the staff nurse and request that the cast is removed
c. Refers the patient to an orthoptist
d. Remove the cast.
d. Remove the cast.
64
A physical therapist treats a patient rehabilitating from a traumatic brain injury by applying approximation to the pelvis to increase bilateral lower extremity weight bearing. The patient exhibits significant hypertonicity and the presence of the positive support reflex. The therapist is MOST likely using the therapeutic ball to:
a. Avoid a mass extensor pattern in standing
b. Encourage active assistive range of motion
c. Allow the patient partial weight bearing through the ball
d. Limit range of motion at the shoulder
a. Avoid a mass extensor pattern in standing
64
A physical therapist asks a patient who has been inconsistent with his attendance in physical therapy why he has been having difficulty keeping scheduled appointments. The patient responds that it is difficult to understand the scheduling card that lists the appointments. The therapist’s most appropriate action would be to:
a. Contact the referring physician to discuss the patient's poor attendance in therapy
b. Make sure the patient is given a scheduling card at the conclusion of each session
c. Write down the patient’s appointments on a piece of paper in a manner that the patient can understand
d. Discharge the patient from physical therapy
c. Write down the patient’s appointments on a piece of paper in a manner that the patient can understand
65
A physical therapist treats a patient status post right cerebrovascular accident with resultant left hemiplegia for a colleague on vacation. A note left by the primary therapist indicates that the patient exhibits “ pusher syndrome.” When examining the patient’s sitting posture, which of the following findings would be MOST likely?
Sitting with increased lean to the **(left/right)** along with increased weight bearing through the **(left/right)** buttocks
Sitting with increased lean to the **LEFT** along with increased weight bearing through the **LEFT** buttocks
66
A physical therapist working in a school system develops long-term goals as part of an individualized Educational Plan for a child with Down syndrome. The MOST appropriate timeframe to attain these goals is
One month
Four month
Six months
One year
One year
67
A two-year-old with T10 spina bifida receives physical therapy for gait training. Initially, the preferred method to teach a child how to maintain standing is with the use of:
a. Bilateral hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFO) and forearm crutches
b. Parapodium and the parallel bars
c. Bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFO) and the parallel bars
d. Bilateral ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) and the parallel bars
b. Parapodium and the parallel bars
68
A physical therapist works on weight shifting activities with a patient sitting over the edge of a mat table with their feet positioned on the floor. The therapist facilitates an anterior weight shift through facilitation of the pelvis. What pattern of activity would be required for the patient to maintain an upright posture?
Spinal **(flexion/extension)** resulting from **(concentric/eccentric)** contraction of the spinal **(flexors/extensors)**
Spinal **EXTENSION** resulting from **CONCENTRIC** contraction of the spinal **EXTENSORS**
69
A physical therapist observes a patient running on treadmill at an intensity of approximately 75% of their estimated maximum oxygen consumption. What is the PRIMARY source for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) produced during this activity?
Amino acids
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Carbohydrates
70
A physical therapist examines several pathological reflexes on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron disease. Which stimulus would be the MOST appropriate when assessing Hoffman’s reflex?
a. Tapping the nail of the middle finger
b. Stroking the inner thigh
c. Stroking the plantar aspect of the foot
d. Rapidly dorsiflexing the foot
a. Tapping the nail of the middle finger
71
A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the L4 spinal level. Which deep tendon reflex would provide the therapist with the MOST useful information?
Lateral hamstring reflex
Medial hamstrings reflex
Patellar reflex
Achilles reflex
Patellar reflex
72
A patient receiving physical therapy services in an outpatient clinic explains that he has felt nauseous since having his methotrexate medication level altered. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is to:
a. Explain to the patient that nauseas is very common when altering medication levels
b. Ask the patient to stop taking the prescribed medication
c. Request that the patient make an appointment with the physician
d. Request that the patient contact the physician's office
d. Request that the patient contact the physician's office
73
A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with cerebellar degeneration . Which of the following clinical findings is NOT typically associated with this condition?
Athetosis
Dysmetria
Nystagmus
Dysdiadochokinesia
Athetosis
74
A physical therapist examines a 36-year-old female referred to physical therapy after experiencing back pain two weeks ago. The patient identifies the majority of pain in the buttock and lateral thigh and denies any referred pain down the posterior leg. Presently she rates the pain as a “3” on a 0-10 scale, however, indicates that the pain is a “6” or a “7” during activity or at night. This description MOST closely resembles:
Sacroiliitis
Iliolumbar syndrome
Piriformis syndrome
Trochanteric bursitis
Trochanteric bursitis
75
A physical therapist treats a patient with a suspected rupture of the patellar tendon. Which objective finding would be MOST indicative of this condition?
a. Marked tenderness along the anterior surface of the knee joint
b. Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity
c. Limited ability to complete range of motion due to hemarthrosis
d. Resistive isometrics are strong and painful for knee extension.
b. Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity
76
A patient experiences a proximal humerus fracture that is non-displaced. Which clinical finding would provide the BEST support for the patient being cleared to perform active assisted exercise?
Hematoma formation
Diminished pain
Callus formation
Remodelling
Callus formation
76
A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient recently admitted to the intensive care unit. A note from the patient’s physician indicates an order for arterial blood gas analysis six times daily. Which type of indwelling line would be used to collect the necessary samples?
Intravenous line
Arterial line
Central venous line
Pulmonary artery line
Arterial line
77
A physical therapist examines a patient with a suspected lesion of the common fibular nerve. Which objective finding wound be the MOST useful to rule out the possibility of a sciatic nerve lesion?
a. Inability to actively dorsiflex the foot
b. Preservation of the Achilles reflex
c. Presence of a steppage gait
d. Weakness of the quadriceps muscle
b. Preservation of the Achilles reflex
77
A 16-year-old male patient sprained his thumb in a volleyball game five weeks ago and continues to have decreased range of motion with carpometacarpal abduction. What joint mobilization technique would the therapist use to increase carpometacarpal abduction?
a. Medial glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium.
b. Lateral glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium
c. Anterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium
d. Posterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium
d. Posterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium
78
A physical therapist works with a 75-year-old female patient following a bone marrow transplant. The patient’s platelet count is 25, 000 cells/mm3. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate?
a. Logroll training and breathing exercises
b. Progressive resistive exercise and infection control
c. Bicycling and lower extremity stretching
d. Patient education on fall prevention and progressive ambulation
d. Patient education on fall prevention and progressive ambulation
79
A physical therapist treats a six-year-old child with cerebral palsy classified at Level V using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Recommendations from the physical therapist will MOST likely include:
a. Orthoses and assistive devices for community ambulation
b. Orthoses and assistive devices for household ambulation
c. Standing frame, orthoses, and/or assistive devices for household ambulation
d. Standing frame and wheelchair for community ambulation
d. Standing frame and wheelchair for community ambulation
80
A patient four weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction questions a physical therapist as to why he is still partial weight bearing. An acceptable rationale is:
a. The patient does not have full active knee extension
b. The patient has good quadriceps strength
c. The patient has fair hamstrings strength
d. The patient has diminished superficial cutaneous sensation
a. The patient does not have full active knee extension
81
A physical therapist assesses several superficial reflexes as part of a neurological examination. Which grading system is MOST appropriate when recording the obtained results?
Present, absent
Ordinal scale from 0-4+
Hypoactive, normal hyperactive
Zero, trace, poor, fair, good, normal
Present, absent
82
A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Based on the diagnosis, which of the following tests would MOST likely be abnormal?
Coordination testing
Sensory testing
Deep tendon reflex testing
Endurance testing
Endurance testing
83
A patient rehabilitating from a CVA requires an orthosis due to occasional dragging of the toe during swing phase. The patient presents with weakness of the dorsiflexors and has good medial/lateral stability at the ankle. The MOST appropriate option for the patient is:
a. Solid ankle-foot orthosis
b. Tone reducing foot orthosis
c. Posterior leaf spring orthosis
d. Custom articulating ankle-foot orthosis with anterior trim lines
c. Posterior leaf spring orthosis
84
A physical therapist works with a 55-year-old male who was in good health prior to being diagnosed with Guillain-Barre syndrome two weeks ago. The patient was referred to outpatient physical therapy after a seven-day hospitalization. Which of the following symptoms would result in the LEAST favorable prognosis for this patient?
a. Weakness that begins in the lower extremities
b. Loss of sensation throughout the extremities
c. Respiratory impairment
d. Bladder dysfunction
Respiratory impairment
84
A physical therapist completes a family training session with a patient rehabilitating from a spinal cord injury. During the training the patient asks questions regarding their functional ability following rehabilitation. The MOST appropriate therapist response is to:
a. Explain that it is difficult to predict since all patients progress differently
b. Provide information on the expected prognosis based on the nature and severity of the injury
c. Refer the patient to the director of rehabilitation
d. Refer the patient to the physiatrist
b. Provide information on the expected prognosis based on the nature and severity of the injury
85
PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽
86
A physical therapist inspects a patient’s wheelchair and identifies that the wheel axle is aligned further posterior than it typically would be in a standard wheel chair. This type of alignment would likely result in:
a. Decreased rolling resistance
b. Increased ability to perform a “wheelie”
c. Decreased turning radius
d. Increased energy required for propulsion.
d. Increased energy required for propulsion.
87
A physical therapist works with a patient on gait training using bilateral axillary crutches. The right axillary crutch is modified with a platform attachment. What is the MOST likely reason for the modification?
a. The patient has radial nerve injury
b. The patient has a proximal humeral fracture
c. The patient has impaired balance and coordination
d. The patient has a transhumeral amputation
a. The patient has radial nerve injury
88
A physical therapist works with patients on wheelchair mobility. The patient has a history of cerebrovascular accident with right-sided hemiparesis. Which of the following wheelchair adaptations would be MOST beneficial for the patient to ensure safety during stand pivot transfers?
a. Anti-tip tubes
b. Pull-to-wheel lock with brake extensions
c. Elevating leg rests
d. Removable full-length armrests
b. Pull-to-wheel lock with brake extensions
89
A patient is limited in passive ankle dorsiflexion when the knee is extended, but is not limited when the knees is flexed. The MOST logical explanation is:
a. The gastrocnemius is responsible for the limitation
b. The soleus is responsible for the limitation
c. The popliteus is responsible for the limitation
d. The gastrocnemius and soleus are both responsible for the limitation
a. The gastrocnemius is responsible for the limitation
89
A physical therapist completes a coordination assessment on a 67-year-old patient with central nervous system involvement. After reviewing the results of the assessment, the therapist concludes the clinical findings are indicative of cerebellar dysfunction. Which is NOT associated with cerebellar dysfunction?
Dysmetria
Hypertonia
Ataxia
Nystagmus
Hypertonia
89
A physical therapist classifies an obtained sputum sample as purulent. Which medical condition would MOST likely be associated with this type of sputum?
Asthma
Lung abscess
Pulmonary edema
Tuberculosis
Lung abscess
90
A physical therapist participates in a research study to determine the effect of noise level on the ability to perform a physical skill. In the study, noice is the:
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Criterion variable
Extraneous variable
Independent variable
91
A patient with a C6 spinal cord injury is examined in physical therapy. Which objective finding would be the strongest indication the spinal cord injury is NOT complete?
a. Intact sensation on the lateral portion of the shoulder
b. Absent triceps reflex
c. Diminished sensation over the hypothenar eminence
d. Weakness of the biceps muscle
c. Diminished sensation over the hypothenar eminence
92
A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a 77-year-old patient that was prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDS) for pain following arthroscopic surgery. If toxicity is a concern, the physician would have likely prescribed an analgesic that possess:
A short half-life
A long half-life
Minimal biotransformation
Limited clearance
A short half-life
93
A physical therapist examines the reflex status of a patient. The therapist should use which technique to assess the patient’s superficial reflexes?
a. Brushing the skin with a light, feathery object
b. Passively joint range of motion
c. Stroking the skin with non-cutting , but pointed object
d. Tapping over a muscle tendon
c. Stroking the skin with non-cutting , but pointed object
94
A patient returns to an outpatient physical therapy clinic two hours after a physical therapy session complaining of increased back pain. The patient has been in physical therapy for three previous visits and has had little difficulty with a program consisting of palliative modalities and pelvic stabilization exercises. The patient was referred to physical therapy after injuring his back two weeks ago. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is:
a. Contact the referring physician to discuss the patient’s care plan.
b. Instruct the patient to discontinue the pelvic stabilization exercise and re-examine the patient at his next visit
c. Refer the patient to the emergency room of a local hospital.
d. Instruct the patient to cancel existing physical therapy visits and schedule an appointment with the physician
b. Instruct the patient to discontinue the pelvic stabilization exercise and re-examine the patient at his next visit
95
An older adult patient complains of persistent pain, weakness and stiffness affecting their shoulders and pelvis. Additionally, the patient has a higher than normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). What medical condition is MOST consistent with the described presentation?
Pseudogout
Gout
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Polymyalgia rheumatica
96
A patient exhibits pain and sensory loss in the posterior thigh, lateral calf, and dorsal foot. Extension of the hallux is poor, however, the achilles reflex is normal. What spinal level would you expect to be involved ?
L4
L5
S1
S2
L5
97
When is it considered acceptable for a clinical trial to include a non-treatment control group as a basis for comparison with a new experimental therapy?
a. When there is no known effective form of therapy to treat the patient’s condition
b. When the experimental therapy has shown positive results in animal studies
c. When the study is reviewed by the facility’s Institutional Review Boards (IRB)
d. When subjects are randomly assigned to a group
a. When there is no known effective form of therapy to treat the patient’s condition
98
A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with spinal stenosis. As a part of the treatment program the patient lies prone on a treatment plinth with a hot pack draped over the low back. The MOST effective method to monitor the patient while using the hot pack is:
a. Check on the patient at least every ten minutes
b. Supply the patient with a bell to ring if the hot pack becomes too hot
c. Instruct the patient to remove the hot pack if it becomes too hot
d. Select an alternative superficial heating modality
b. Supply the patient with a bell to ring if the hot pack becomes too hot
99
A patient employed in a machine shop is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The patient indicates that he is scheduled for a diagnostic test that may help to confirm the diagnosis. Which of the following electrodiagnostic tests would be the MOST appropriate?
Electroencephalography
Evoked potentials
Nerve conduction velocity
Electromyography
Nerve conduction velocity
100
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101
A physical therapist performs the talar tilt test on a 22-year-old female rehabilitating from an inversion ankle sprain. Which ligament does the talar tilt test examine?
Anterior talotibial
Calcaneofibular
Deltoid
Posterior talotibial
Calcaneofibular
101
A patient referred to physical therapy with chronic low back pain has failed to make any progress toward meeting established goals in over three weeks of treatment. The physical therapist has employed a variety of treatment techniques, but has yet to observe any sign of subjective or objective improvement in the patient’s condition, The MOST appropriate action would be to:
a. Transfer the patient to another therapist’s schedule
b. Re-examine the patient and establish new goals
c. Continue to modify the patient’s treatment plan
d. Alter the referring physician to the patient’s status
d. Alter the referring physician to the patient’s status
102
A 38-year-old female was referred to physical therapy after having a cyst removed from her larynx two days ago. The patient’s speech sound very rough and hoarse. This type of abnormal sound would BEST be described as:
Dysphonia
Dysarthria
Dysphasia
Diplopia
Dysphonia
102
A physical therapist treats a patient with a diagnosis of gouty arthritis. This medical condition would be MOST likely to produce subjective reports of pain affecting the:
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Toe
Toe
102
A physical therapist employed in a subacute rehabilitation facility works on community re-integration prior to discharging a 72-year-old patient to their home. Which aspect of gait should be focused on during training to ensure the patient’s ability to safely cross the street?
Step length
Velocity
Cadence
heel strike
Velocity
102
A physical therapist treats a patient receiving supplemental oxygen using a nasal cannula with a flow rate of three liter per minute. Which value BEST approximates the percentage of oxygen delivered to the patient?
25%
29%
33%
37%
33%
103
A physical therapist attempts to monitor exercise intensity during an exercise session with a patient after cardiac transplantation. The MOST appropriate method is:
Metabolic equivalents
Perceived exertion scale
Pulmonary function tests
Target heart rate range
Perceived exertion scale
104
A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of left shoulder impingement. During the examination, the physical therapist begins to suspect a systemic cause for the patient’s pain. Which of the following symptoms would BEST support this hypothesis?
a. Pain has been present for years
b. Pain is alleviated with the use of cryotherapy
c. Pain is aggravated by cervical rotation
d. Pain remains unrelieved with rest.
d. Pain remains unrelieved with rest.
104
A physical therapist reads a recent entry in a patient’s medical record that indicates aspiration was performed in the elbow region. This scenario is MOST commonly associated with:
Dorsal ganglion cyst
Lateral epicondylitis
Medial epicondylitis
Olecranon bursitis
Olecranon bursitis
105
A patient recently admitted to an acute care hospital is referred to physical therapy. The physical therapist documents the following clinical signs: pallor cyanosis, and cool skin. These clinical signs are MOST consistent with:
Cor pulmonale
Anemia
Hypertension
Diaphoresis
Anemia
106
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107
A physical therapist receives a referral for a two-month-old infant diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. After completing the examination, the therapist discusses the physical therapy plan of care with the infant’s parents. The PRIMARY goal of the therapy should be:
a. Improve muscle strength and diminish tone
b. Facilitate protected weight bearing
c. Promotes safe handling and positioning
d. Diminish pulmonary secretions
c. Promotes safe handling and positioning
108
A physical therapist elects to utilize the six-minute walk test as a means of quantifying endurance for a patient rehabilitating from a lengthy illness. Which variable would be the MOST appropriate to measure when determining the patient’s endurance level with this objective test?
Perceived exertion
Heat rate response
Elapsed time
Distance walked
Distance walked
109
A patient reports a chronic history of widespread muscular pain, multiple tender points throughout her body, and excess fatigue. Upon examination, the therapist observes that the patient’s tender points are distributed throughout the body and do not refer pain when pressure is applied. What diagnosis would be MOST accurate for this patient?
a. Myofascial pain syndrome
b. Chronic regional pain syndrome
c. Fibromyalgia
d. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Fibromyalgia
110
A physical therapist prepares to complete an assisted standing pivot transfer with a patient that requires moderate assistance. In order to increase a patient’s independence with the transfer, which of the following instructions would be the MOST appropriate?
a. I want you to help me perform the transfer
b. Try to utilize your own strength to complete the transfer
c. Only grab onto me if it is absolutely necessary
d. Pretend you were home alone and needed to complete the transfer
b. Try to utilize your own strength to complete the transfer
111
A patient presents to the emergency room with multiple burns on their upper extremity and chest. The wounds all appear dry, but vary in size and are poorly defined. Examination reveals significant irregularity in the patient’s cardiac rhythm. What was the MOST likely source of the patient’s injury?
Friction burn
Chemical burn
Electrical burn
Radiation burn
Electrical burn
112
A physical therapist periodically measures a patient’s blood glucose level as they exercise on a treadmill. After ten minutes of exercise, the patient’s blood glucose measurement is 60 mg/dL. Which symptom would this patient MOST likely experience?
Polyuria
Hyperventilation
Excessive thirst
Headache
Headache
113
Echocardiographic testing revealed a significant decrease in a patient’s anticipated cardiac output. Which variable would MOST likely contribute to this finding?
Increase in heart rate
Increase in preload
Increase in afterload
Increase in stroke
Increase in afterload
114
A physical therapist performs crutch training with a patient following total hip arthroplasty. The patient has orders for partial weight bearing. Which of the following gait patterns would be the MOST appropriate?
Four-point-gait
Two-point gait
Three-point gait
Swing-to gait
Three-point gait
115
Prior to initiating an ultrasound treatment, a physical therapist formally measures the target area as 12 cm2, based on the therapist’s measurements. The MOST appropriate size sound head to utilize during the treatment is:
1cm2
3cm2
5cm2
8cm2
5cm2
116
A physical therapist attempts to identify a patient’s risk factors for coronary artery disease as part of a health screening. The patient’s heart rate is recorded as 78 beats per minute and blood pressure as 110/70 mmHg. A recent laboratory report indicates a total cholesterol level of 170 mg/dL with high-density lipoproteins reported as 20 mg/dL and low density lipoproteins as 100 mg/dL. Which of the following values would be considered atypical?
Heart rate
Blood pressure
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
117
A physical therapist works with a patient in an acute care hospital to treat a painful, slow healing wound on the medial lower leg. The patient's leg is swollen and appears dark red/purple in color with thickened skin. Which of the following conditions MOST likely contributed to this type of wound?
Diabetes
Arterial insufficiency
Venous insufficiency
Prolonged pressure
Venous insufficiency
118
A physical therapist performs palpation with a patient positioned in standing as part of a respiratory assessment. Which assessment procedure would be performed with the therapist positioned behind the patient?
Mediastinum motion
Upper chest wall motion
Middle chest wall motion
Lower chest wall motion
Lower chest wall motion
119
A group of physical therapists conducts scoliosis screenings on adolescents as part of physical therapy week. The MOST appropriate action after identifying an adolescent with a moderate scoliotic curve is to:
a. Refer the adolescent for further orthopedic assessment
b. Educate the adolescent as to the cause of the scoliosis
c. Devise an exercise program for the adolescent
d. Instruct the adolescent in the importance of proper posture
a. Refer the adolescent for further orthopedic assessment
120
A physical therapist attempts to secure a wheelchair for a patient with an incomplete spinal cord injury. The patient is a 28-year old female that is very active and relies on a wheelchair as her primary mode of transportation. Which type of wheelchair design would be the MOST appropriate for the patient?
a. Standard chair with a rigid frame
b. Lightweight chair with a rigid frame
c. Standard chair with a folding frame
d. Lightweight chair with a folding frame
b. Lightweight chair with a rigid frame
121
A physical therapist attempts to select an assistive device for a patient rehabilitating from a traumatic brain injury. The patient is occasionally impulsive, however, has fair standing balance and good upper and lower extremity strength. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate assistive device?
Cane
Axillary crutches
Lofstrand crutches
Walker
Walker
121
A physical therapist examines a 16 year old male diagnosed with left knee anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. During the examination a Lachman test is performed, Ideally, the therapist should perform the test with the knee in
20-30 Degrees flexion
30-40 Degrees flexion
40-50 Degrees flexion
80-90 Degrees flexion
20-30 Degrees flexion
122
A patient with cerebellar dysfunction exhibits signs of dysmetria. Which of the following activities would be the MOST difficult for the patient?
a. Rapid alternating pronation and supination of the forearms
b. Placing feet on the floor markers while walking
c. Walking at varying speeds
d. Marching in place
b. Placing feet on the floor markers while walking
123
A physical therapist examines a patient referred to a physical therapy diagnosed with a medial collateral ligament sprain. During the examination the patient appears to be relaxed and comfortable, however, is extremely withdrawn. Which of the following questions would be the MOST appropriate to further engage the patient?
a. Is this the first time you have injured your knee?
b. Have you ever been to physical therapy before?
c. How long after your injury did you see a physician?
d. What do you hope to achieve in physical therapy?
d. What do you hope to achieve in physical therapy?
124
A physical therapy working in a wound clinic presents an in service on the aging process and its effects on the skin. Which of the following skin changes is MOST likely to occur as a person ages?
a. Increase in skin elasticity
b. Decrease in skin turgor
c. Increase in sebaceous gland activity
d. Decrease in skin dryness
Decrease in skin turgor
124
A physician orders compression garments for an ambulatory patient who has significant difficulty with lower extremity edema. How much pressure would typically be necessary to control lower extremity edema?
10 mm Hg
18 mm Hg
25 mm Hg
35 mm Hg
35 mm Hg
125
A physical therapist monitors the vital signs of a 52 year old male during a graded exercise test. The patient was prompted to seek medical assistance two weeks ago after becoming short of breath on two separate occasions. When interpreting the data collected during the exercise test, which finding would serve as the BEST indicator that the patient had exerted a maximal effort?
a. Failure of the heart rate to increase with further increase in intensity
b. Rise in systolic blood pressure of 50 mmHG when compared to the resting value
c. Rating of 12 on a perceived exertion scale
d. Rating of 2/4 on the dyspnea scale
a. Failure of the heart rate to increase with further increase in intensity
126
A patient status post stroke ambulated with a large base quad cane. The patient presents with left neglect and diminished proprioception. The most appropriate method to ensure patient safety is
a. Provide conditions verbal cues
b. Utilize visual ues and demonstration
c. Offer manual assistance on the left side
d. Offer manual assistance on the right side
c. Offer manual assistance on the left side
127
A physical therapist employed in a rehabilitation hospital creates a professional development plan as part of his annual performance appraisal. Which of the following would be the most appropriate plan to facilitate the therapist’s development in his present practice setting?
a. Attend continuing education courses approved by the Federation of State Boards of Physical Therapy
b. Attend continuing education courses featuring nationally recognized experts
c. Attend a minimum of two continuing education course annually
d. Attend a continuing education course related to primary patient care responsibilities
d. Attend a continuing education course related to primary patient care responsibilities
128
A physical therapist works on balanced reactions with a patient who has Charcot’s foot. The development of this medical condition is most likely related to
Altered sensation
Muscular weakness
Ulcer formation
Pes cavus
Altered sensation
129
A patient being treated for general deconditioning explains to her physical therapist that she was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Which of the following signs or symptoms would the patient least likely demonstrate?
Elevated triglyceride levels
Abnormal blood pH
Insulin resistance
Elevated blood pressure
Abnormal blood pH
130
A physical therapist employed in a skilled nursing facility works on balanced reeducation activities to improve a patient’s independence with functional activities in the kitchen. Which of the following tests would provide the therapist with the most useful information on the patient’s ability to safely perform meal preparation?
a. Multi-Directional Reach Test
b. Timed Up and Go Test
c. Romberg Test
d. Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment
a. Multi-Directional Reach Test
131
A physical therapist attends an Inservice entitled “Principles of Exercise for the Obstetric Patient”. During the session, the speaker identifies several conditions that are considered to result in high risk pregnancies. Which of the following conditions would not be considered high risk?
Diastasis recti
Incompetent cervix
Pre-eclampsia
Multiple gestation
Diastasis recti
132
A physical therapist determines that a 67-year-old female is at an increased fall risk after being prescribed a new medication that tends to promote postural hypotension. The medication most consistent with the described scenario is
ACE inhibitor agents
Antiepileptic agents
Anticoagulant agents
Antispasticity agents
ACE inhibitor agents
133
A patient treated in an acute care hospital one day ago is not able to attend a scheduled physical therapy session due to suspected critical limb ischemia. Which symptom is most likely associated with this condition?
a. Severe pain in the legs and feet at rest
b. Increased temperature in the lower leg and foot
c. Bounding lower extremity peripheral pulses
d. Flaking skin on the legs with brownish discoloration
a. Severe pain in the legs and feet at rest
133
A physical therapist prepares to apply a hot pack to the low back of a patient diagnosed with degenerative disk disease. When examining the patient, the therapist identifies several blisters on the patient’s right side. The patient indicates they were caused by heat from a hot pack applied during the previous treatment session. The patient indicates he was hesitant to tell the therapist that the heat was too intense. The most appropriate therapist action is to
a. Complete an incident report
b. Contact the referring physician
c. Modify the documentation from the previous treatment session
d. Avoid documenting the event since it occurred during the previous treatment session
a. Complete an incident report
134
A physical therapist attempts to calculate the target heart rate for a 40-year-old female with no significant past medical history. The patient’s resting heart rate is recorded as 60 beats per minute, and the maximal heart rate is 180 beats per minute. Using the heart rate reserve method (Karvonen formula) and a range of 60-80%, the patient’s target heart rate range should be recorded as
96-120 beats/minute
132-156 beats/minute
144-174 beats/minute
164-185 beats/minute
132-156 beats/minute
134
A 47-year-old patient with a diagnosis of CVA with left hemiplegia is referred for orthotic examination. Significant results of MMT include: hip flexion = 3+/5, hip extension = ⅗, knee flexion = 3+/5, knee extension = 3+/5, ankle dorsiflexion = ⅖, and ankle inversion and eversion = ⅕. Sensation is intact and no abnormal tone is noted. The most appropriate orthosis for this patient is a
a. KAFO with a locked knee
b. Plastic articulating AFO
c. Metal upright AFO locked in neutral
d. Prefabricated posterior leaf spring orthosis
Plastic articulating AFO
135
A patient with T10 paraplegia is discharged from a rehabilitation hospital following 12 weeks of intense rehabilitation. Which of the following pieces of equipment would be the most essential to assist the patient with functional disability?
a. Ambulation with Lofstrand crutches
b. Ambulation with Lofstrand crutches and AFO
c. Ambulation with Lofstrand crutches and KAFO
d. Wheelchair
Wheelchair
136
A physical therapist instructs a patient's spouse to remove and reapply a bandage. Which of the following instructional methods would be the most appropriate to ensure the task is performed appropriately?
a. Have the patient instruct the spouse how to remove and reapply the bandage
b. Provide written instruction on how to remove and reapply bandage
c. Instruct the spouse to remove and reapply the bandage and observe her performance
d. Instruct the spouse to contact the physical therapy department if she has specific questions on how to remove or reapply the bandage
c. Instruct the spouse to remove and reapply the bandage and observe her performance
136
A physical therapist treats a patient for a pressure ulcer on their ischial tuberosity and is concerned about the risk of infection caused by the patient’s weakened immune system. Which of the following patients would have the lowest risk for infection?
a. A 55-year-old patient with malabsorption syndrome
b. A 50-year-old patient with AIDS
c. A 60-year-old patient receiving monthly cortisone injections
d. A 65-year-old patient with iron-deficiency anemia
d. A 65-year-old patient with iron-deficiency anemia
137
A physical therapist applies a dressing to an area of skin on a patient’s heel. The therapist decided to use the dressing as a prophylactic measure to reduce the risk of skin breakdown in an area that was determined to be particularly susceptible. The most likely dressing used would be
Calcium alginate
Hydrocolloid
Hydrogel
Transparent film
Transparent film
138
A physical therapist receives a referral to instruct a patient in pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercises. Which of the following explanations would be the most effective to assist the patient to perform a pelvic floor contraction?
a. Tighten your muscles like you were trying to expel a large amount of urine in a very short amount of time
b. Pull your muscles upward and inward as if attempting to stop the flow of urine
c. Tighten your abdominal muscles and anteriorly rotate your pelvis
d. Gently push out as if you had to pass gas
b. Pull your muscles upward and inward as if attempting to stop the flow of urine
139
According to proponents of evidence-based medicine, the best source of inflammation upon which to make clinical decisions about therapy for an individual patient is a
Cohort study
Randomized controlled trial
Systematic review
Case report
Systematic review
140
A patient exercising in the physical therapy gym informs the physical therapist that he is experiencing chest pain. After resting for 20 minutes the patient’s condition is unchanged. However, he insists it is something that he can work through. The most appropriate therapist action is
a. Allow the patient to resume exercise and continue monitoring the patient’s condition
b. Reduce the intensity of the exercise and continue to monitor the patient's condition
c. Discontinue the treatment session and encourage the patient to make an appointment with his physician
d. Discontinue the treatment session and call an ambulance
d. Discontinue the treatment session and call an ambulance
141
A physical therapist attempts to determine the number of known risk factors for coronary artery disease prior to initiating an aerobic exercise program for a 41-year-old male. Which pieces of objective data would serve as the most relevant risk factor?
a. BP = 136/87 mmHg
b. Waist-hip ratio = 1.15
c. Low-Density lipoproteins = 96 mg/dL
d. BMI = 23/9 kg/m2
b.Waist-hip ratio = 1.15
142
A physical therapist treats a patient with several injuries impacting the UE including mallet finger. The therapist notes that the affected finger is immobilized using a static splint. Which position of the finger would be most essential when splinting?
a. 5 degrees of flexion at the DIP
b. 5 degrees of flexion at the PIP
c. 5 degrees of hyperextension at the DIP
d. 5 degrees of hypertension at the PIP
c. 5 degrees of hyperextension at the DIP
143
A physical therapist treats a patient with a peroneal tendon subluxation. To observe the subluxation, the therapist positions the patient in a prone position with the knee flexion to 90 degrees. Which action would be the most appropriate to reproduce the subluxation?
a. Active ankle PF and inversion
b. Active ankle DF and eversion
c. Passive ankle PF and inversion
d. Passive ankle DF and eversion
b. Active ankle DF and eversion
144
A 20-year-old female patient with chronic edema in the extremities is told that she has a form of primary lymphedema. Which of the following conditions is an example of primary lymphedema?
Filariasis
Mastectomy
Milroy’s disease
Lymphadenitis
Milroy’s disease
145
A patient rehabilitating from hip surgery receives opioids through patient-controlled analgesia. Which objective finding would be most responsible for a decision to terminate opioid use?
a. Oxygen saturation of 94%
b. Respiratory rate of 9 breaths per minute
c. Resting pulse rate of 80 beats per minute
d. Body temperature of 99.4 degrees Fahrenheit
b. Respiratory rate of 9 breaths per minute
146
A physical therapist witnesses a motor vehicle accident in which a passenger is badly injured and appears to have suffered a partial amputation of the lower leg. The patient is able to move their arm and legs, however, the therapist is concerned that the victim is experiencing symptoms of shock. What type of shock is the most consistent with this scenario?
Septic
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Hypovolemic
147
A physical therapist completes an UE MMT on a patient diagnosed with RCT. Assuming the patient has the ability to move the UE against gravity, which of the following muscles would not be tested with the patient in a supine position?
Pronator teres
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachii
Middle trapezius
Middle trapezius
148
A physical therapist informs a patient that a ramp is needed to assist the patient to enter their house with a wheelchair will require two separate sections with a landing area. What variable would have most likely influenced this decision?
Slope
Angle of inclination
Length
Width
Length
149
An employee with a disclosed disability informs her employer that she is unable to perform an essential function of her job unless her workstation is modified. Which of the following would provide the employer with a legitimate reason for not granting the employee’s request?
a. The accommodation would cost hundreds of dollars
b. The accommodation would require an expansion of the employee’s present workstation
c. The accommodation would fundamentally alter the operation of the business
d. The accommodation would not address the needs of other employees
c. The accommodation would fundamentally alter the operation of the business
150
A patient with a lengthy medical history of cardiac pathology is referred to a phase II cardiac rehabilitation program. During the first session, the physical therapist prepares to measure the patient’s blood pressure by inflating the cuff 20 mmHg above the patient's estimated systolic value. Which of the following values describe the most appropriate rate to release the pressure when obtaining the pressure management?
a. 2-3 mmHg/second
b. 3-5 mmHg/second
c. 5-7 mmHg/second
d. 8-10 mmHg/second
a. 2-3 mmHg/second
151
A physically active 19-year-old male receives pre-operative instruction prior to ACL reconstruction. The patient’s past medical history includes a medial meniscectomy of the C/L knee eight months ago. The most likely functional level of the patient following rehabilitation is
a. Able to participate in light recreational activities
b. Able to participate in all recreational activities
c. Able to return to recreational and competitive athletic activities with a derotation brace
d. Able to return to previous functional level
d. Able to return to previous functional level
152
A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident sustains an injury to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Which muscle would not be affected by the injury?
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Infraspinatus
153
A physical therapist prepares a patient for a graded exercise test using an arm cycle ergometer instead of a treadmill due to a LE injury. Which objective finding is most accurate when using the arm cycle ergometer instead of the treadmill?
a. The results of the testing will be more heavily influenced by patient motivation
b. The obtained maximum oxygen consumption will be significantly lower
c. The work level associated with the point of volitional fatigue will be greater
d. The incremental work levels will be progressively shortened during test
b. The obtained maximum oxygen consumption will be significantly lower
154
A physical therapist assesses the vial signs of a patient with a blood disorder. The therapist records the patient’s BP as 150/85 mmHg. Which condition is most likely the cause of the abnormal BP measurement?
Anemia
Thrombocytosis
Leukopenia
Polycythemia
Polycythemia
155
A physical therapist prepares to assess the blink reflex in a patient with suspected neurological involvement. Which CN components are assessed with this reflex?
a. Afferent CN V, efferent CN VII
b. Afferent CN VII, efferent CN V
c. Afferent CN IX, efferent X
d. Afferent CN X, efferent IX
a. Afferent CN V, efferent CN VII
156
A physical therapist designs a training program for a patient without cardiovascular pathology. The therapist calculates the patient’s age predicted maximal heart rate as 175 beats per minute. Which of the following would be an acceptable target heart rate for the patient during cardiovascular exercise?
93 beats/minute
135 beats/minute
169 beat/minute
195 beats/minute
135 beats/minute
157
A patient with complete C5 tetraplegia works on a forward raise for pressure relief. The patient utilizes loops that are attached to the back of the wheelchair to assist with the forward raise. Which muscles need to be particularly strong in order for the patient to be successful with the forward raise?
a. Brachioradialis and brachialis
b. Rhomboid and levator scapulae
c. Biceps and deltoids
d. Triceps and FDP
c. Biceps and deltoids
158
A patient is referred to physical therapy for fall prevention training. The therapist determines that the patient has difficulty adapting their vision from lighting to bring environments. What home modification intervention would be the most appropriate based on that information?
a. Use unfiltered direct lighting
b. Replace bathroom light bulbs with red bulbs
c. Use diffuse lighting
d. Use only dim lighting
c. Use diffuse lighting
159
A patient with two weeks' status post transtibial amputation is instructed by his physician to remain at rest for two days after contracting bronchitis. The most appropriate position for the patient in bed is
a. Supine with a pillow under the patient’s knee
b. Supine with a pillow under the patient’s thigh and knees
c. Supine with the legs extended
d. Side lying in the fetal position
c. Supine with the legs extended
160
A patient with T10 paraplegia is working with a therapist on how to react in the event of a backward fall. The patient is instructed to place one hand behind the head and the other across their lap. This directive will protect the head and
a. Allow the patient to remain within the chair upon landing
b. Allow the patient to hold onto one armrest to stabilize the wheelchair
c. Prevent the LE from hitting the patient's face
d. Allow the patient to secure the brake to slow the fall
c. Prevent the LE from hitting the patient's face
161
A physical therapist makes a conscious effort to demonstrate particular kinds of behavior that are significant and attainable for an 8-year-old patient. This type for behavior therapy is termed
Flooding
Operant conditioning
Role playing
Modeling
Modeling
162
A patient rehabilitating from knee surgery exhibits significant weakness in the involved extremity. During the most recent therapy session, the patient was able to complete an independent SLR. What muscle is emphasized in the exercise?
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
163
A physical therapist reviews laboratory reports for a patient recently admitted to the hospital. The patient sustained burns over 25 percent of her body in a fire. Assuming the patient exhibits hypovolemia, which of the following laboratory values would be the most significantly affected?
Hematocrit
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Oxygen saturation rate
Prothrombin
Hematocrit
164
A physical therapist performs autolytic debridement in an attempt to remove nonviable tissue from a stage IV pressure ulcer. Autolytic debridement removes necrotic tissue by suing
a. A sharp instrument
b. An externally applied force
c. The body’s own mechanisms
d. A commercially prepared enzyme
c. The body’s own mechanisms
165
A physical therapist treats a 36-year-old male status post knee surgery. The therapist performs goniometric measurement to quantify the extent of the patient’s extension lag. Which of the following would not provide a plausible rationale for the extension lag?
Muscle weakness
Bony obstruction
Inhibition by pain
Patient apprehension
Bony obstruction
166
A physical therapist completes a developmental assessment on an infant. Which position would typically be the last to occur assuming normal development?
Modified plantigrade
Quadruped
Ring sitting
Bridging
Modified plantigrade
167
A patient four weeks following ACL reconstruction using a patellar tendon autograft informs her therapist that she is going on vacation for a week in a tropical location. Which advice would be the most beneficial for the patient to protect her scar from the sun?
a. Keep the scar covered when outside in the sun
b. Apply a sunscreen with a minimum of 15 SPF directly to the scar
c. Apply a sunscreen with a minimum of 30 SPF directly to the scar
d. Apply a sunscreen with a minimum of 50 SPF directly to the scar
a. Keep the scar covered when outside in the sun
168
A physical therapist is asked to provide a presentation on the dangers of anabolic steroids to use to a group of adolescent male athletes. Which risk factor associated with steroids would be unique to the target audience?
Deepened voice
Growth cessation
Liver damage
Testicular atrophy
Growth cessation
169
A patient successfully completes ten anterior lunges. The physical therapist would like to modify the activity to maximalling challenge the patient in the sagittal planes. Which of the following modifications would be the most appropriate?
a. Anterior lunge with concurrent bilateral elbow flexion to 45 degrees with five pound weights
b. Anterior lunge with concurrent bilateral shoulder flexion to 90 degrees with five pound weights
c. Anterior lunge with concurrent unilateral shoulder flexion to 90 degrees with five pound weights
d. Anterior lunge with concurrent bilateral shoulder abduction to 45 degrees with five pound weights
b. Anterior lunge with concurrent bilateral shoulder flexion to 90 degrees with five pound weights
170
A physical therapist reviewed the medical record of a 46-year-old female diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. A recent entry indicates that the patient is currently taking immunosuppressive medication. Which laboratory test should be the most frequently monitored based on the patient’s medication?
Hematocrit
Hemoglobin
Patient count
WBC count
WBC count
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PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽
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PTRP KA NA THIS SEASON! 🫶🏽
