Fortinberry - Chapter 6 (PT Apps) Flashcards
Safety and Professional
1
Q
The best example of a statement that would be documented in the assessment portion of a subjective, objective, assessment, and plan (SOAP) note is
a. Client and spouse participated in a discussion about planning of activities of interest for the patient
b. Client complains of difficulty donning night-time splint and requests that the splint be re-examined by the therapist
c. Family was referred to social services for consideration of alternative placement
d. Client demonstrates good understanding of the home program but requires supervision to perform independently
A
d. Client demonstrates good understanding of the home program but requires supervision to perform independently
2
Q
Which is the best means for documenting a goal statement?
a. Therapist will instruct the patient in overhead dressing techniques
b. Patient will participate in meal preparation for 15 minutes without breaks
c. Patient will perform 10 repetitions of active assistive shoulder ladder exercises
d. Patient will show increased endurance for performing ADLs
A
b. Patient will participate in meal preparation for 15 minutes without breaks
3
Q
Which statement would be the most appropriate for the PT to document in the plan section of the SOAP note?
a. Client given educational materials to practice correcting posture and trunk balance during daily routine
b. Client able to respond to verbal instructions and questions with correct responses 3 out of 3 times
c. Client indicates that the long-term goal is to return to work on a full-time basis
d. Client assessed for use of compensatory techniques while cooking in the clinic
A
a. Client given educational materials to practice correcting posture and trunk balance during daily routine
4
Q
During a treatment session, a patient with a C5 SCI complains of dizziness and a severe headache and is noticed by the PT to be flushed and sweating profusely. The best course of action for the PT to take is to
a. Lie the patient down to rest for about 30 minutes or until symptoms subside
b. Contact the physician and report signs of autonomic dysreflexia
c. Take the blood pressure because of the suspected signs of orthostatic hypotension
d. Assist the patient in taking medication for the symptoms
A
b. Contact the physician and report signs of autonomic dysreflexia
4
Q
A client being treated in outpatient therapy for extensor tendon repair missed three appointments while sick with the flu. When writing the monthly report, the therapist explained why the client did not achieve her short-term goals in the time frame specified. Which is the most appropriate section of the SOAP note for this documentation?
S
O
A
P
A
A
5
Q
After talking to nursing, the inpatient rehab PT treated the patient in the room for instruction in safety and adaptive equipment for toileting, along with dressing and grooming activities. The patient was motivated and worked hard throughout the treatment session. Which is the best choice for the subjective portion of the daily SOAP notes?
a. Patient was cooperative and engaged in social conversation throughout the treatment session
b. Patient reports that the patient feels good today
c. Patient is unable to move her right UE as well today as yesterday, although it does not really hurts but feels “tight”
d. Nursing staff reports that patient is unsafe to toilet independently
A
c. Patient is unable to move her right UE as well today as yesterday, although it does not really hurts but feels “tight”
6
Q
After a stroke, a patient had difficulty picking up pills from the table; difficulty buttoning; and difficulty completing jigsaw puzzles, which was a favorite leisure activity. During part of the treatment session, the patient worked on putting in and removing pieces from a jigsaw puzzle and practiced manipulating different sized coins from a flat table surface. When documenting the treatment, the best choice for an objective statement is
a. Patient worked for 15 minutes placing and removing jigsaw puzzle pieces
b. Patient worked on tripod grasp using various coins and jigsaw puzzle pieces
c. Patient worked for 15 minutes on tripod grasp in order to be able to grasp objects used for leisure activities and ADLs
d. Patient worked on tripod grasp to be able to perform leisure activities and ADLs
A
c. Patient worked for 15 minutes on tripod grasp in order to be able to grasp objects used for leisure activities and ADLs
7
Q
Which plan would be documented in the “plan” portion of a SOAP note?
a. Problems include decreased coordination, strength, sensation, and proprioception in left UE
b. In order to return to work, patient will demonstrate increase of 10 grasps in left hand in 3 weeks
c. Patient would benefit from further instruction in total hip precautions for LE dressing, bathing, and hygiene
d. Patient attended job skills group with prompting by nursing and OT
A
b. In order to return to work, patient will demonstrate increase of 10 grasps in left hand in 3 weeks
8
Q
To facilitate effective communication between a physical therapy supervisor and employee, the supervisor should
a. Communicate what is expected of the employee
b. Express disappointment regarding the employee’s behavior
c. Offer criticism to stimulate discussion
d. Meet with the employee away from the workplace to facilitate a conversation
A
a. Communicate what is expected of the employee
8
Q
When discharging a patient with Alzheimer’s to a skilled nursing facility, what is the most important information to share?
Summary of cognitive performance
Recommendations to a support group
Summary of the patient progress
Results of the initial examination
A
Summary of cognitive performance
9
Q
The best example of a statement that would document the patient’s prognosis is
a. The patient may require prolonged time to perform transfers because of poor motor planning ability
b. The patience received a home program on energy conservation and work simplification
c. Compared to the norm, grip strength is within normal limits and age-appropriate
d. The patient performed a stand pivot transfer from the wheelchair to bathtub
A
a. The patient may require prolonged time to perform transfers because of poor motor planning ability
10
Q
A PT walks into a patient’s room and finds the patient lying on the floor next to the bed. The PT has been previously reprimanded for forgetting to put the bed rails up after treatment. After checking to be sure that the patient has no broken bones and is not in severe pain, the therapist helps the patient back into bed, and then leaves the room without reporting the incident. Which terms best describe the PT’s conduct?
Legal and ethical
Legal but unethical
Ethical but illegal
Illegal and unethical
A
Legal but unethical
11
Q
The term that refers to the process of providing information to individuals to assist them in the decision-making process about their own health care is
Beneficence
Fidelity
Autonomy
Informed consent
A
Informed consent
11
Q
A PT suspects physical abuse after noticing bruises on the face of a child during the treatment session. The appropriate action to take is
a. To ask the child questions about the bruises
b. To confront the parents about the cause for the inflictions
c. To make a report to the appropriate authorities
d. To ignore the bruises because proof of suspicion is difficult
A
c. To make a report to the appropriate authorities
12
Q
A patient tells the PT how much the services provided have helped in coping with his/her depression. The patient offers a gift of appreciation to the therapist. The PT’s best response is to say
a. “I love the gift, but I need to report it to my administrator in order to follow regulations.”
b. “Thank you, that’s great. What is it?”
c. “Just knowing that you appreciate my help is reward enough. I appreciate the gesture, but I cannot accept the gift”
d. “Please mail it to my house. I cannot accept the gift on the hospital premises”
A
c. “Just knowing that you appreciate my help is reward enough. I appreciate the gesture, but I cannot accept the gift”
13
Q
The single, most important measure to prevent the spread of infectious diseases is
Hand washing
Proper cooking
Canning
Pasteurization
A
Hand washing
14
Q
A 30-year-old female patient presents with right calf pain and may have DVT. What would be the most appropriate initial course of action?
a. Prescribe rest and inactivity until symptoms subside
b. Treat with RICE protocol until symptoms subside
c. Treat with massage, muscle stripping, and stretching procedures
d. Refer for medical evaluation
A
d. Refer for medical evaluation
15
Q
The most important step to take upon involvement in an emergency is to
Let the patient know that you have arrived
Assess the scene and environment
Make sure that you have plenty of gloves
Immediately care for the patient
A
Assess the scene and environmen
16
Q
What is the best method for controlling bleeding and should be attempted first?
Elevation
Direct pressure
Trauma dressing
Tourniquet
A
Direct pressure
17
Q
A therapist is treating a 35-year-old man diagnosed with lumbar disc degeneration in an outpatient clinic. Through conversation with the patient, the therapist learns that he is also being treated by a chiropractor for cervical dysfunction. What is the best course of action by the therapist?
a. Continue with the current treatment plan and ignore the chiropractor’s treatment
b. the patient what the chiropractor is doing and try the same approach
c. Stop physical therapy at once and consult with the referring physician
d. Contact the chiropractor to coordinate his/her plan of care with the physical therapy plan of care
A
d. Contact the chiropractor to coordinate his/her plan of care with the physical therapy plan of care
18
Q
When caring for a fractured, dislocated, or sprained extremity, when is it important to check for pulses, sensation, and motor function?
a. After the splint has been removed at the hospital
b. Before applying a splint
c. Before and after applying a splint
d. During the detailed physical examination of the patient, usually enroute to the hospital
A
c. Before and after applying a splint
19
Q
Which of the following duties cannot be legally performed by a physical therapist assistant?
a. Confer with a doctor about a patient’s status
b. Add 5 pounds to a patient’s current exercise protocol
c. Allow a patient to increase in frequency from 2 times/week to 3 times/week
d. Perform joint mobilization
A
c. Allow a patient to increase in frequency from 2 times/week to 3 times/week
20
Q
The therapist is treating a patient in an outpatient facility for strengthening of bilateral LE. During the initial assessment, the patient reveals that he has a form of cancer but is reluctant to offer any other information about his medical history. After 1 week of treatment, the therapist is informed by the physician that the patient has Kaposi’s sarcoma and AIDS. Which of the following is the best course of action for the therapist?
a. Cease the treatment of the patient, and inform him that at outpatient facility is not the appropriate environment for a person with his particular medical condition
b. Continue treatment of the patient in the gym, avoiding close contact with other patients and taking appropriate universal precautions
c. Continue treatment of the patient in the gym as before, taking appropriate universal precautions
d. Cease treatment, but do not confront the patient with the knowledge of his HIV status
A
b. Continue treatment of the patient in the gym, avoiding close contact with other patients and taking appropriate universal precautions
21
Q
The home physical therapist arrives late at the home of a patient for a treatment session just as the occupational therapist has finished. The patient is angry because the sessions are so close together. The patient becomes verbally abusive towards the physical therapist. The most appropriate response to the patient is
a. “I know I’m late, but you must try to understand that I am extremely busy.”
b. “I know you are aggravated. It is inconvenient when someone does not show up when expected. Let’s just do our best this session and I will make an effort to see that we do not have PT and OT scheduled so close together from now on.”
c. “You have to expect visits at any time of the day with home health.”
d. “The OT and I did not purposefully arrive so close together. I apologize, please let’s now begin therapy
A
b. “I know you are aggravated. It is inconvenient when someone does not show up when expected. Let’s just do our best this session and I will make an effort to see that we do not have PT and OT scheduled so close together from now on.”
21
A 12-year-old male has been referred to physical therapy after recently being involved in a car accident. The patient’s mother has signed all the necessary paperwork for admission to the clinic, including a form allowing release of her son’s records to the parties listed. The patient’s mother included herself, doctors involved in the patient’s care, and their attorney on the list. The patient's stepfather comes to the clinic after the patient is discharged and requests a copy of the stepson’s record. Which of the following would be the correct response from the office staff?
a. Give the stepfather a copy of the records
b. Give the stepfather a copy of the records after he has signed a release form
c. Inform the patient’s stepfather that he is not on the list that authorizes the records to be released to him
d. Call the patient's mother and get verbal permission to release the records to the stepfather
c. Inform the patient’s stepfather that he is not on the list that authorizes the records to be released to him
22
A patient’s lawyer calls the therapist requesting his/her client’s clinical records. The lawyer states that he/she needs the records to pay the patient’s bills. What is the best course of action?
a. Tell the lawyer to either have the patient request a copy of the records or to have the patient sign a medical release
b. Fax the needed chart to the lawyer
c. Mail a copy of the cart to the patient
d. Call the patient and tell him/her of the recent development
a. Tell the lawyer to either have the patient request a copy of the records or to have the patient sign a medical release
23
A therapist is performing a chart review and discovers that lab results reveal that the patient has malignant cancer. When examining the patient, the therapist is asked by the patient, “did my lab results come back and is the cancer malignant?” the appropriate response for the therapist is
a. To tell the truth and contact the social worker to assist in consultation of the family
b. “It is inappropriate for me to comment on your diagnosis before the doctor has assessed the lab results and spoken to you first.”
c. “The results are positive for malignant cancer, but I do not have the training to determine your prognosis.”
d. To tell the patient the results are in, but physical therapists are not allowed to speak on this matter
b. “It is inappropriate for me to comment on your diagnosis before the doctor has assessed the lab results and spoken to you first.”
23
When should a physical therapist begin discharge planning for a patient admitted to a rehabilitation unit with a diagnosis of a recent stroke?
At the first team meeting
At the last team meeting
Two weeks before discharge
After the physical examination by the physical therapist
After the physical examination by the physical therapist
24
A physical therapist technician calls the therapist immediately to the other side of the outpatient clinic. The therapist discovers a 37-year-old female lying face down on the floor. Which of the following sequence of events is most appropriate for this situation?
a. Have someone call 911, determine unresponsiveness, establish an airway, and assess breathing (look/listen/feel)
b. Determine unresponsiveness, have someone call 911, establish an airway, and assess breathing (look/listen/feel)
c. Have someone call 911, determine unresponsiveness, assess breathing (look/listen/feel), and establish an airway
d. Determine unresponsiveness, have someone call 911, assess breathing (look/listen/feel), and establish an airway
b. Determine unresponsiveness, have someone call 911, establish an airway, and assess breathing (look/listen/feel)
25
Which of the following acts forced all federally supported facilities to increase corridor width to a minimum of 54 inches to accommodate wheelchairs?
Americans with Disabilities Act
National Healthcare and Resource Development Act
Civil Rights Act
Older Americans Act (title III)
Americans with Disabilities Act
26
A patient at an outpatient facility experiences the onset of a grand mal seizure. Which of the following is the most appropriate course of action by the therapist?
a. Assist the patient to a lying position, move away close furniture, loosen tight clothing, and prop the patient’s mouth open
b. Assist the patient to a lying position, move away close furniture, and loosen tight clothing
c. Assist the patient to a seated position, move away close furniture, loosen tight clothing
d. Assist the patient to a seated position, move away close furniture, loosen tight clothing, and prop the patient’s mouth open
b. Assist the patient to a lying position, move away close furniture, and loosen tight clothing
27
A therapist is instructing a physical therapy student in writing a SOAP note. The student has misplaced the following phrase: patient reports a functional goal of returning to playing baseball in 5 weeks. Where should this phrase be placed in a SOAP note?
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
Subjective
28
A physical therapist in an outpatient clinic is urgently called into a room to assist an infant who is unconscious and not breathing. The therapist opens the airway of the infant and attempts ventilation. The breaths do not make the chest rise. After the infant’s head is repositioned, the breaths still do not cause the chest to move. What should the therapist do next?
Give five back blows
Look into the throat for a foreign body
Have someone call 911
Perform a blind finger sweep of the throat
Give five back blows
29
An acute-care PT is ordered to examine and treat a patient who has suffered a right hip fracture in a recent fall. During the examination, the family informs the therapist that the patient suffered a stroke approximately 1 week before the fall. The patient’s chart has no record of the recent stroke. What should the physical therapist do first?
a. Immediately call the referring physician and request an MRI scan
b. Examine and treat the patient as ordered
c. Immediately call the referring physician and request a CT scan
d. Immediately call the referring physician for an occupational therapy referral
b. Examine and treat the patient as ordered
30
A PT is setting up a portable whirlpool unit in the room of a severely immobile patient. What is the most important task of the PT before the patient is placed in the whirlpool?
a. Check for a ground fault circuit interruption outlet
b. Check to make sure that the water is below 110-176 degrees Fahrenheit
c. Make sure the whirlpool agitator is immersed in the water
d. Obtain the appropriate assistance to perform a transfer
a. Check for a ground fault circuit interruption outlet
31
A 37-year-old man fell and struck his temple area on the corner of a mat table. He begins to bleed profusely but remains conscious and alert. Attempts to stop blood flow with direct pressure to the area of the injury are unsuccessful. Of the following, which is an additional area to which pressure should be applied to stop bleeding?
a. Left parietal bone one inch posterior to the ear
b. Left temporal bone just anterior to the ear
c. Zygomatic arch of the frontal bone
d. Zygomatic arch superior to the mastoid process
b. Left temporal bone just anterior to the ear
32
A physical therapist is treating a 17-year-old boy with an incomplete T11 SCI. The patient was treated for 2 months in the rehabilitation unit of the hospital before beginning outpatient physical therapy. He is currently ambulating with a standard walker with a maximal assist of two. The therapist sets an initial long-term goal of “ambulation with a standard walker with minimum assist of 1 for a distance of 50 feet, with no loss of balance on a level surface for 8 weeks.” If the patient achieves the long-term goal in 4 weeks, which of the following courses of action should be taken by the therapist?
a. Discharge the patient secondary to completion goals
b. Set another long-term goal regarding ambulation and continue treatment
c. Return the patient to the rehabilitation unit of the hospital for more intensive treatment
d. Call the patient’s physician and ask for further instructions
b. Set another long-term goal regarding ambulation and continue treatment
32
A physical therapist is beginning the examination of a patient with AIDS. The patient was admitted to the acute floor of the hospital on the previous shift after receiving a right total hip replacement. The physician has ordered gait training and a dressing change of the surgical site. Of the following precautions, which is the least necessary?
Mask
Gloves
Hand washing
Gown
Mask
33
A PT is scheduled to examine the shoulder of a patient with hepatitis B. the therapist notices no open wounds or abrasions and also notices that the patient has good hygiene. The physician has ordered passive ROM to the right shoulder because of adhesive capsulitis. Which of the following precautions is absolutely necessary to prevent the therapist from being infected?
Gown
Mask
Gloves
There is no need for any personal protective equipment
There is no need for any personal protective equipment
34
Each of the following choices consists of a list of two summaries of some of the principles in the code of ethics of the American Physical Therapy Association. Which of the answers is a false summary?
a. Obey regulations governing physical therapists, and (2) maintain high standards when providing therapy
b. Respect the rights of patients, and (2) inform people appropriately of the services provided
c. Maintain high standards when providing therapy, and (2) provide services of the length of time ordered
d. Assist the public when there are public health needs, and (2) accept fair monetary compensation for services
c. Maintain high standards when providing therapy, and (2) provide services of the length of time ordered
34
A PT is ordered to examine a 74-year-old man who has suffered a recent stroke. The therapist performs a chart review before performing an examination. Which of the following is of the least importance to the physical therapist in assessing the patient’s chart?
Nursing assessment
Physician’s orders/notes
Respiratory assessment
Dietary assessment
Dietary assessment
35
The best recommendation for strength training in prepubescent children is
a. No strength training recommended
b. Strength training programs should be the same as adolescents
c. Strength training should be done only for the lower extremities
d. Strength training should be closely supervised, correctly taught, and involve low load/high repetition tasks
d. Strength training should be closely supervised, correctly taught, and involve low load/high repetition tasks
36
A contraindicated activity for a child with osteogenesis imperfecta would be
Spontaneous active extremity movement
Pull-to-sit maneuver
Prone scooter activity
Light weights attached close to joints
Pull-to-sit maneuver
37
You are working with a 2-year-old child who has a tumor in the posterior fossa. She demonstrates a significant right torticollis. Which of the following is most likely contraindicated?
a. Facilitated AROM
b. Gentle anteroposterior glides in the upper cervical region
c. Home positioning program
d. Upper trapezius strengthening
b. Gentle anteroposterior glides in the upper cervical region
38
A patient with an acute infection of the left knee has been admitted to the hospital. A chart review shows that the patient currently has a body temperature of 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The physician has ordered therapy to begin intervention with this patient immediately. What is the most appropriate course of action by the physical therapist?
Begin examination of the patient
Begin intervention with ROM first
Begin intervention with ambulation first
Contact the physician as an acute infection is contraindication to exercise
Contact the physician as an acute infection is contraindication to exercise
39
During documentation after an intervention, a mistake is made in the notes. Which of the following is not an appropriate step to make in correcting the mistake?
a. Strike one line through the error so that it is still eligible
b. Write your initials in the margin near the mistake
c. Wrist “mistaken entry” or “error” near the mistake
d. Use liquid correction fluid or an eraser over the mistake
d. Use liquid correction fluid or an eraser over the mistake
40
A physical therapist has determined that hamstring stretching should be incorporated in the intervention of a 75-year-old female with complaints of low back pain. Which of the following conditions is a contraindication to stretching of the hamstring muscle group?
Soreness lasting approximately 2-3 hours after therapy
Hemophilia
Patient’s age
Minimal complaints of pain in the lumbar area
Hemophilia
41
Which of the following is proper placement of a catheter bag?
a. In the patient's lap while in a wheelchair
b. On the patient’s stomach while in a supine position on a hospital bed
c. Hooked onto the therapist’s pocket during ambulation
d. Below the waist of the patient
d. Below the waist of the patient
41
A physical therapist is about to begin intervention of a patient with recent total hip replacement using an anterior approach. Which of the following are contraindicated motions of the hip during early rehabilitation?
Hip flexion above 90 degrees
Hip hyperextension
Hip adduction past neutral
Hip internal rotation
Hip hyperextension
42
Which of the following conditions would be a contraindication to performing manual lymphatic drainage techniques performed over the abdomen?
Menstrual period
Undiagnosed pain
Crohn’s disease
Diverticulitis
Menstrual period
43
The PT is beginning a program of FES for a patient with T4 paraplegia in order to promote cardiovascular fitness. At what systolic blood pressure should the exercise be terminated?
140 mmHg
160 mmHg
180 mmHg
220 mmHg
180 mmHg
44
Which of the following positions should be avoided in postpartum patients?
Left side-lying
Right side-lying
Supine with a pillow under the knees
Prone with the knees pulled to the chest
Prone with the knees pulled to the chest
45
When disrobing and draping a patient to prepare for intervention, which of the following is the most important advice?
a. Avoid wrinkles in the draping garment
b. Do not use the patient’s clothing for draping
c. Obtain the patient’s consent before disrobing him/her
d. Ask for the appropriate assistance in situations where the patient's gender could be a concern
c. Obtain the patient’s consent before disrobing him/her
45
A physical therapist decides to use cervical traction for a patient with complaints of cervical pain. Which of the following is a contraindication for cervical traction?
Hyperthyroidism
Hypertension
Diabetes
Down syndrome
Down syndrome
46
At which stage of scar tissue formation can maximal load be placed on the scar tissue without risk of failure?
Inflammatory phase
Granulation phase
Fibroblastic phase
Maturation phase
Maturation phase
47
A young patient just starting antidepressant medication is telling you that “life is not worth living”. You should tell the patient not to worry since this is
a. Experienced by most patients at the beginning of drug therapy
b. Only a transient reaction to the medication and of no consequence
c. A good sign because the medication has a period of up to 4 weeks before it can take effect
d. Passing but inform the psychiatrist about your conversation
d. Passing but inform the psychiatrist about your conversation
48
What motions should not be stretched early in rehabilitation after an open rotator cuff repair?
Horizontal ABD, extension, and IR
Horizontal ADD, extension, and IR
Horizontal ABD, flexion and IR
Horizontal ABD, extension, and ER
Horizontal ADD, extension, and IR
49
A patient who just returned from abroad is being treated for a worm infection. What precautions do you have to take?
a. Reschedule appointment until the patient has stopped taking the worm medication
b. Wear a mask and change work cloth after therapy
c. Disinfect toilet after the patient has used it
d. Do not take special precautions because the drug kills the worms and the eggs
c. Disinfect toilet after the patient has used it
50
Your patient is on antipsychotic drug therapy. During your therapy session, you notice a number of adverse reactions. The most severe one requiring immediate attention by a physician is
a. Increased body temperature with some muscle rigidity
b. Dizziness with almost fainting when getting up quickly
c. A sudden but short-lasting tachycardia
d. Appearance of a yellow skin and eyes
a. Increased body temperature with some muscle rigidity
51
A patient with clopidogrel therapy is at increased risk of experiencing
Internal bleeding episodes
Sudden fainting spells
Orthostatic hypotension
Intermittent tachycardia
Internal bleeding episodes
52
Smoking involves the inhalation of many compounds that can cause all of the health problems except
Korsakoff-Wernicke syndrome
Emphysema
Bladder cancer
Hypertension
Korsakoff-Wernicke syndrome
53
A patient receiving drug therapy experiences a slight fever and sore throat with some mouth ulcerations. The physician has to be notified since this could present a/an
Agranulocytosis
Thrombotic thrombocytic purpura
Exfoliate dermatitis
Churg Strauss Syndrome
Agranulocytosis
54
A patient receiving drug therapy experiences a cough, fever, and rash across the face spreading to the body. The physician has to be notified since this could present a
Phototoxic reaction
Epidermal necrosis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Lupus syndrome
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
55
Which of the following vital sign issues should cause a concern?
a. The systolic BP falls during exercise
b. The pulse rate increased by 15 beats/min with activity and recovered within 2 minutes
c. The patient reported the activity was rated a 13 on the RPE scale
d. The 6-year-old child has a resting pulse rate of 90 beats/minute
a. The systolic BP falls during exercise
56
A 78-year-old patient with COPD uses oxygen at all times. At rest, the pulse oximeter reads 91%. During a walk with the physical therapist, the pulse oximeter indicates the oxygen saturation is at 86%, and the patient indicates fatigue. What is the appropriate action of the physical therapist?
a. Stop walking and turn up oxygen until the patient recovers
b. Turn the oxygen up and keep walking
c. Stop walking and monitor the patient closely
d. Keep walking and monitor the patient closely
c. Stop walking and monitor the patient closely
57
Post-operative knee braces have been associated with all of the following complications except
DVT
PNI
Avascular necrosis
Ankle edema
Avascular necrosis
57
Patients with hyperlaxity always
Have flat feet
Can protect their joints with muscle strength
Will develop patellar instability
Must avoid the butterfly stroke in swimming
Can protect their joints with muscle strength
58
Prophylactic bracing
Prevents all injury
Can protect ankles and MCLs
Has been shown to decrease ACL injuries
Provides psychological benefits only
Can protect ankles and MCLs
59
According to the APTA Guide for Physical Therapist Practice, the following are elements of patient management (in order of process during an initial session)
a. Examination, assessment, impairment, treatment
b. Evaluation, treatment, documentation, assessment
c. Examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis
d. Interview, evaluation, tests and measures, diagnosis
c. Examination, evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis
60
You are working as a part of an interdisciplinary team of an inpatient rehabilitation unit. Your patient suffered an SCI 3 weeks earlier. She was making progress in functional mobility, but lately has been behaving erratically: missing therapy, falling out of bed twice, and skipping medications. You suspect these may be self-destructive behaviors related to her recent injury. What is the best course of action?
a. The patient needs encouragement from PT as she is clearly depressed
b. Wait for the next weekly conference, and then discuss with the team, as this is not your area of expertise
c. You consider self-destructive behaviors as serious, and notify the team with a request for immediate psychiatric assistance
d. The patient is at risk for suicide; warn the family to monitor her constantly and recommend they speak to the physician regarding appropriate medications
c. You consider self-destructive behaviors as serious, and notify the team with a request for immediate psychiatric assistance
61
Which of the following pieces of legislation guarantees patients the right to make autonomous decisions about their health care?
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)
The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)
62
A physical therapist owns a private practice in a small community located 40 miles from the nearest hospital or outpatient clinic. Her spouse is offered a great job opportunity in another city so they decide to make the move at the end of the month. The therapist informs her office staff that she will be closing the practice in 2 weeks and asks her secretary to call all her patients and cancel their appointments. When she does this, several patients ask where they are supposed to go to finish their therapy sessions. The secretary replies, “anywhere you can find another PT!” given the situation just described, this therapist’s patients could file a complaint based on
Breach of confidentiality
Failure to provide informed consent
Fraudulent billing
Patient abandonment
Patient abandonment
63
You are ambulating a post-op patient up in the hospital corridor using a gait belt and appropriate guarding techniques. Suddenly, the patient slips on an unnoticed wet spot on the floor and falls down. Although not seriously injured, the patient is in a lot of pain, has to spend extra days in the hospital, and requires additional rehab services. The patient’s family sues the hospital and receives a financial settlement to cover the costs of additional hospitalization and home care. This settlement is an example of
Comparative justice
Compensatory justice
Distributive justice
Fiduciary justice
Compensatory justice
63
Which bioethical principle addresses a physical therapist’s duty to provide honest information to his/her patients?
Beneficence
Fidelity
Justice
Veracity
Veracity
64
You are treating an older adult who recently fell at home. The patient sustained no major injuries from the fall; however, your examination indicates that she is at high risk for falling again and your cognitive screening suggests that she probably has mild dementia. The patient lives alone and desperately wants you to stay in her own home. However, you do not believe that she can live safely in this environment by herself and think it is in her best interests to investigate an alternative living arrangement. What ethical duty does this exemplify?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Disclosure
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
65
You are treating a patient who recently underwent total hip arthroplasty when she tells you that she urgently needs to use the bathroom and, observing all positional precautions, assist her on and off the toilet using her walker, a gait belt, and a raised toilet seat. However, as the patient sits back down in her wheelchair, she states that she felt a “funny sensation” in her hip. You check out her hip position and movements but don’t find anything unusual. Before returning to her room, the patient is transported to radiology for a previously scheduled x-ray. The next day, one of the nurses informs you that the patient is back in surgery because she “dislocated her hip the previous day in physical therapy”. You do not believe you were responsible for this patient’s injury. What is your best defense against liability in this situation?
a. The patient was confused and did not follow instructions well
b. You followed standard protocol and safety precautions during your treatment session
c. One of your transporters reported that the radiology techs frequently “mishandle” patients
d. It was an emergency so you are protected from liability by “Good Samaritan” laws
b. You followed standard protocol and safety precautions during your treatment session
66
A male therapist is performing an initial prosthetic check-out on a female patient with a transfemoral amputation. She is complaining of “pinching” from her prosthesis when she bears weight on it or sits down. To determine whether or not the socket is too tight, the therapist takes the patient into a private treatment room and asks her to undress so she can better palpate the tissues in her groin area. The patient does not say anything, but later files a complaint against the therapist for sexual misconduct. What other action could this therapist have taken to protect him from this type of accusation?
a. Ask the patient to sign a specific written consent form for palpation procedures
b. Distract the patient with some more casual conversation to make her feel more comfortable
c. Request the presence of a female chaperone during the patient’s examination
d. Wear gloves while performing the examination
c. Request the presence of a female chaperone during the patient’s examination
67
You are examining a 9-year-old child with cerebral palsy who appears to have an unusually large number of painful bruises around his wrists and ankles. His mother sees you examining these bruises and tells you that he falls down a lot due to his spasticity and poor balance. However, during your examination, the child demonstrates safe, independent gait using a reverse walker. When you review his medical record, you notice two prior emergency room visits to treat limb fractures. Given your observations and the patient's prior history of injuries, what are you obligated to do?
a. Call 911 and request immediate assistance from a law enforcement officer
b. Continue to treat the child and observe for future signs of abuse
c. Report your suspicions of abuse to the appropriate child protective service agency
d. Request a consult from a medical social walker
c. Report your suspicions of abuse to the appropriate child protective service agency
68
You are treating an elderly patient who is about to be discharged from the hospital following a recent stroke. The patient has some residual hemiparesis, but he is oriented, communicates appropriately, and follows safety precautions when performing transfers and walking. You tell the patient that you want to arrange for continued therapy at home or an outpatient basis to help him regain more strength and motor control. The patient agrees to this discharge plan; however, his son is present and tells you that his father has already had plenty of therapy and just needs to go home and rest. Under what circumstances is this patient’s son able to make a surrogate decision maker?
a. The son may act as a surrogate decision maker if his father experienced a temporary or permanent loss of consciousness during his hospitalization
b. The son may act as a surrogate decision maker if his father has exceeded his Medicare benefits and cannot afford to pay for additional health care services on his own
c. The son may act as a surrogate decision maker if his father has been declared legally incompetent and has appointed the son to act on his behalf via a durable power of attorney
d. The son may act as a surrogate decision maker if his father is over 65 and has no spouse or advance directives
c. The son may act as a surrogate decision maker if his father has been declared legally incompetent and has appointed the son to act on his behalf via a durable power of attorney
69
A physical therapist measures the knee range of motion of a patient status after ACL reconstruction or repair using a goniometer. After completing the measurement, the therapist concludes that the patient lacks 20 degrees of knee extension and can flex the knee to 95 degrees. Knee flexion ROM should be documented in patient's chart as
20-95 degrees
95-20 degrees
20-0-95 degrees
-20-0-95 degrees
20-95 degrees
69
Your patient presents with dizziness, lip paresthesia, nystagmus, and drop attacks. This would be most indicative of
A concussion
Vertebral basilar insufficiency
A labyrinthine syndrome
Carotid artery tear
Vertebral basilar insufficiency
70
According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, what circumstances would legally preclude an employer from having to hire or provide accommodations for a disabled worker?
a. If the employer suspects that the worker’s disability is not legitimate
b. If the employer has to spend more than $500 on accommodations
c. If the worker is not qualified to perform the essential job functions
d. If the employment setting is privately owned and employs less than 100 people
c. If the worker is not qualified to perform the essential job functions
71
A physical therapist has been asked to determine whether a ramp to enter a local shopping mall meets the minimum accessibility standards required by the law. The maximum grade for wheelchair ramps is best identified as for every inch of rise, there should be __ inches of length.
3
6
9
12
12
71
A physician orders gait training for a 14-year-old male with recent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of the left femur. Which of the following is not the responsibility of the physical therapist?
Determining weight-bearing status
Assessing balance
Choosing assistive device
Assessing endurance
Determining weight-bearing status
72
A physical therapist is educating a patient with low back pain about appropriate body mechanics. The patient’s symptoms were reproduced with forward bending and sitting. Which instructions are most appropriate for that patient?
a. Use of a lumbar roll will eliminate your risk of aggravating your back pain during sitting
b. Bend the hips and knees when reaching down, and try to keep the spine in neutral to avoid aggravation
c. Lifting light weights is not likely to cause any problems, but lifting heavier items should be avoided
d. Consider placing items you reach for frequently overhead to reduce forward bending
b. Bend the hips and knees when reaching down, and try to keep the spine in neutral to avoid aggravation
73
A 3-year-old male sustains a femur fracture after falling off his bike. He received an ORIF yesterday. The MD writes an order for PT examination and treatment. He is cleared to ambulate non-weight bearing (NWB) on the affected extremity. The patient's insurance, however, will only authorize one piece of equipment. What is the most appropriate assistive device for this patient?
Front wheeled walker
Axillary crutches
Wheelchair
Posterior walker
Wheelchair
74
An appropriate physical therapy program for a 2-week-old infant with a brachial plexus injury would include teaching the parents how to support the arm while dressing and moving the infant to prevent further injury, and
a. Functional strengthening
b. Daily PROM exercises including full shoulder ABD and elevation
c. Daily PROM exercises with shoulder ABD and elevation to only 90 degrees
d. Serial sensory testing
c. Daily PROM exercises with shoulder ABD and elevation to only 90 degrees
74
You are a physical therapist that is an examination on a 10-week-old infant with a brachial plexus injury. The patient cannot flex his elbow and has residual signs of Horner’s syndrome. The appropriate plan of care is
Begin PROME of the UE immediately
Utilize ES to regain biceps function
Surgical management
Refer to a brachial plexus specialty center
Refer to a brachial plexus specialty center
75
DVT
a. Can break off and cause a pulmonary embolism (PE)
b. Usually occurs in people who are highly mobile
c. Is usually prevented by daily administration of a thrombolytic
d. Is a clot that develops in a superficial vein
a. Can break off and cause a pulmonary embolism (PE)
76
A 13-year-old male is referred to physical therapy for left knee pain. During the objective examination, the left hip is found to be limited in flexion, ABD, and IR. observation also reveals that the left hip is positioned in external rotation in supine and in standing positions. The appropriate plan of care is
a. Stretching of the hip extensors and external rotators
b. Referral to an orthopedic surgeon
c. TENS and cold pack to the left knee for pain management
d. Strengthening of the quadriceps and gluteus medius
b. Referral to an orthopedic surgeon
77
Which of the following is an incorrect direction for proper inhaler usage?
a. Tilt the head back, open the mouth wide, and inhale a puff from the inhaler
b. Place the inhaler in the mouth with the lips sealed securely around mouthpiece
c. Press down on the inhaler (actuate) and inhale at the same time
d. Hold the breath for approximately 10 seconds
a. Tilt the head back, open the mouth wide, and inhale a puff from the inhaler
78
Which is not a sign of preeclampsia?
Increased HR
BP = 140/90 mmHg
Edema
Proteinuria
Increased HR
79
A football athlete with an incomplete C7 SCI seeks the PT’s opinion about the ability to live independently. The best response from the PT would be
a. “You will be able to live independently with modifications such as adapted devices for activities of daily living (ADLs), a wheelchair, and sliding board”
b. “You can live alone most of the time, but will require a caregiver for such tasks as driving, cooking, and ADLs”
c. “People with this level of lesion will require an attendant”
d. “People with this level of injury can live independently with a manual wheelchair for mobility”
a. “You will be able to live independently with modifications such as adapted devices for activities of daily living (ADLs), a wheelchair, and sliding board”
80
During an interview with a new patient in the psychiatric unit, the patient asks if they should divorce their spouse. Your best response would be
a. “That’s not a decision that I can make. I don’t know what it is like to be in your situation, but we can talk about it and see if it helps you to make a good decision for yourself”
b. “Why don’t you ask your doctor?”
c. “Yes. your spouse seems to be no good from what you've told me. Go ahead and divorce”
d. “If it were me, I’d dump your spouse”
a. “That’s not a decision that I can make. I don’t know what it is like to be in your situation, but we can talk about it and see if it helps you to make a good decision for yourself”
81
During the examination of a patient, the patient says that things are hopeless and “I might as well be dead.” In this case, you would
a. Ask some questions to find out more
b. Tell the patient that those thoughts are stupid
c. Ignore it and change the subject to something brighter
d. Tell the patient that you have thought about suicide too and that it is normal
a. Ask some questions to find out more
82
In an attempt to establish a home exercise program, the therapist gives a patient written exercises. After 1 week, the patient returns and has not performed any of the exercises. After further questioning, the therapist determines that the patient is illiterate. What is an inappropriate course of action?
a. Go over the exercises one-on-one review session
b. Give the patient a picture of the exercises
c. Give a copy of the exercises to a literate family member
d. Contact the physician for a social service consult
d. Contact the physician for a social service consult
82
The therapist has just returned from an in-patient service training offering new treatment techniques in wound care. The therapist would like to share the information with the interested members of the hospital staff. What is the best way to share this information?
a. Prepare a handout on the new treatment techniques and give it to the members of the hospital staff
b. Schedule a mandatory in-service training during lunch for the entire hospital staff who participate in some form of wound care
c. Post bulletins in view of all hospital staff and send memos to the department heads inviting everyone to attend an in-service training during lunch
d. Call each department head and invite their staff to an in-service training during lunch
c. Post bulletins in view of all hospital staff and send memos to the department heads inviting everyone to attend an in-service training during lunch
83
A supervisor in a new physical therapy clinic observes a new graduate performing incorrect exercises on a patient. The exercises are not life threatening but are incorrect. What is the best way to handle this situation?
a. The supervisor should immediately tell the new therapist to stop exercising the patient and instruct the patient and therapist in the correct procedure
b. The supervisor should tactfully tell the new therapist to come into his/her own office and discuss the situation in private
c. The supervisor should put a note on the new therapist’s desk to meet him/her after work
d. The supervisor should give the new therapist research articles about the correct options
b. The supervisor should tactfully tell the new therapist to come into his/her own office and discuss the situation in private
84
A patient is scheduled to undergo extremely risky heart surgery. The patient seems really worried. During the treatment session, the patient and family look to the therapist for comfort. Which of the following is an appropriate response to the patient?
a. “Don’t worry, everything will be okay”
b. “Your physician is the best, and he will take care of you”
c. “I know it must be upsetting to face such a difficult situation. Your family and friends are here to support you”
d. “Try not to worry. Worrying increases your blood pressure and heart rate, which are two factors they need to be stabilized before surgery”
c. “I know it must be upsetting to face such a difficult situation. Your family and friends are here to support you”
85
A physical therapist is performing an isokinetic test on a 16-year-old boy’s shoulder. The patient ‘s father asks the physical therapist, “what is the purpose of this test?” How should the therapist respond?
a. “This isokinetic test will show changes in concentric and eccentric strength”
b. “This test will show strength differences between the injured and non-injured arm”
c. “This test shots differences in external rotation strength at specific ranges in the arc of motion”
d. “This test will provide muscular torque data, which will help us to determine when to discontinue therapy”
b. “This test will show strength differences between the injured and non-injured arm”
85
A physical therapist instructs a physical therapy assistant to teach a patient how to ascend and descend the front steps of her home. After exercising the patient at her home, the assistant realizes that, because of her increased size and severe dynamic balance deficits, training on the steps is unsafe at this time. The assistant contacts the therapist by telephone. Which of the following is the best course of action by the therapist?
a. The therapist should instruct the assistant to attempt step training cautiously
b. The therapist should instruct the assistant to recruit the family members to assist with step training
c. The therapist should instruct the assistant to discontinue step training until both of them are present
d. The therapist should contract the physician and seek further instructions
c. The therapist should instruct the assistant to discontinue step training until both of them are present
86
A physical therapist in the rehabilitation unit is ordered to examine and treat a 3-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. The patient’s supportive family is present during the examination. When should the physical therapist explain the treatment plan and possible functional outcomes to the family?
During the examination
After the examination
After the first full treatment session
After the first rehabilitation team conference meeting
After the examination
87
During the history portion of an examination of a geriatric gentleman, the physical therapist is concerned about lapses in medication dosage. What is the most appropriate way to ask the patient about his medications?
“Do you take your medications?”
“Does someone help you with your medications?”
“How do you take your medications?”
“How long have you been taking your medications?”
“How do you take your medications?”
88
The physical therapist is speaking to a group of nurses on proper body mechanics. Which of the following is inappropriate advice to give this population regarding body mechanics?
Carry heavy objects in your dominant arm only
Keep your back straight during lifting
Maintain a wide base of support
Push rather than pull when there is an option of either
Carry heavy objects in your dominant arm only
89
A physical therapist is working with a patient on gait training. Verbal cues that are provided only when the patient’s performance lies outside what the physical therapist considers safe and acceptable, is an example of __ feedback.
Concurrent
Delayed
Bandwidth
Immediate
Bandwidth
89
Evidence-based practice is the determination of intervention strategies based on
Extant research findings
Research findings, the PT’s own experiences, and family priorities
A PT’s expert opinion
Other discipline’s practice
Research findings, the PT’s own experiences, and family priorities
90
A physical therapist is teaching a 72-year-old patient who had a knee replacement to walk using a straight cane. Verbal feedback __ is most beneficial for long-term skill acquisition.
When provided after every practice trial
That is delayed until several trials of the task have been completed
That is provided concurrently during the performance of the task
When provided at the beginning of every practice trial
That is delayed until several trials of the task have been completed
91
What is most likely to be found in quantitative research?
Lengthy, descriptive, narrative text
Open-ended interviewing
Small samples according to the goal of the study
Standardized tests and scales
Standardized tests and scales
91
What is the best strategy to communicate with a patient diagnosed with Wernicke’s aphasia?
Use a writing board for communication
Attend to non-verbal behaviors and the emotional content of the message
Correct patient errors frequently to assist in his learning strategies
Use easier “questions”
Attend to non-verbal behaviors and the emotional content of the message
92
The PT administered a visual perceptual assessment tool to a patient with Bell’s palsy degeneration at the beginning of therapy and before the family-rehab team meeting. Administering an assessment tool in this fashion measures
Interrater reliability
Test-retest reliability
Standard error of measurement
Central tendency
Test-retest reliability
93
A local plant asks a therapy team to perform a study of its workers. The study needs to determine the frequency of lung cancer in workers who insulate the inside area of an electrical oven appliance. Using company files, the therapy team studies all past employees with this job description. The employees were initially free of lung cancer, as determined by a routine physician’s examination required from the plant. From these files, the team records the frequency with which each one of the employees developed lung cancer. What type of study is the therapy team performing?
Historical prospective or historical cohort
Retrospective
Case control
Matched pairs design
Historical prospective or historical cohort
94
A study of the local population was necessary to determine the need for a new fitness center in the area. The therapists performing the study divided the population by sex and selected a random sample from each group. This is an example of what type of random sample?
Systematic random sample
Random cluster sample
Two-stage cluster sample
Stratified random sample
Stratified random sample
95
An outpatient physical therapy notices that a large number of patients with impingement of the rotator cuff have been treated in the past 6 months. The clinic finds that most patients are employed at a new auto-manufacturing plant. The therapist is invited to the plant to perform an ergonomic assessment and finds that a certain number of employees must work with their shoulders at 120 degrees of flexion 6-8 hours/day. Which of the following recommendations would decrease the frequency of injury?
a. Provide the employees with a step stool to perform their tasks
b. Raise the employees’ work surface
c. Adjust their tasks so that overhead activities are performed with the palm of the hand downward
d. Adjust the task so heavier tools are used
a. Provide the employees with a step stool to perform their tasks
95
A therapist is preparing a poster that will clarify some of the data in an in-service presentation. The poster reflects the mode, median, and mean of a set of data. The data consist of numbers 2, 2, 4, 9, and 13. If presented in the above order (mode, median, mean), which of the following is the correct list of answers calculated from the data?
4, 2, 6
2, 4, 6
6, 2, 4
6, 4, 2
2, 4, 6
95
When conducting clinical research, external validity refers to your ability to
a. Apply the results of your study to a different population of patients
b. Compare your results to those from similar intervention studies
c. Generalize the results of your study to similar patients who were not in your study
d. Verify that the instruments used are measuring what they are supposed to measure
c. Generalize the results of your study to similar patients who were not in your study
95
Why is a random sample more desirable than other methods of sampling when designing an experimental study?
Confidence intervals tend to be wider
Data are more likely to be normally distributed
Group variances will always be homogenous
Maturation effects of subjects can be avoided
Data are more likely to be normally distributed
96
If you wanted to determine how well the items are on a test or survey related to each other, you would be analyzing the instrument’s
Content validity
Internal consistency
Intrarater reliability
Stability
Internal consistency
97
Which of the following factors is inversely related to statistical power in a research study?
a. Alpha level that has been set for the study
b. Amount of variance in the outcome measure(s)
c. Magnitude of the effect size (of the outcome measure)
d. Sample size
b. Amount of variance in the outcome measure(s)
98
If you are comparing two or more groups of subjects and accept a null hypothesis when group differences really do exist, you have
Commitment of a type I statistical error
Commitment of a type II statistical error
Committed a random error
Drawn an appropriate conclusion
Commitment of a type II statistical error
99
What does the term “alpha level” refer to?
a. Amount of variance in the first sample
b. Extent to which a statistical conclusion can be generalized
c. Level of significance when testing a hypothesis
d. Power of a statistical analysis
c. Level of significance when testing a hypothesis
100
In order for an instrument to have good predictive validity, the scores must be highly correlated with
a. Another measure that is considered to be the gold standard
b. Occurrence of some type of clinical condition or outcome
c. Scores from the same instrument administered by at least one other tester
d. Scores from the same instrument repeated at a later time
b. Occurrence of some type of clinical condition or outcome
101
A test or instrument that has high specificity is able to accurately identify
False negatives
False positives
True negatives
True positives
True negatives
102
Which of the following clinical measures exemplifies an ordinal level of measurement?
Gait speed
Heart rate
Joint ROM
Visual analog pain rating
Visual analog pain rating
103
If you wanted to compare balance measures in older adults who do and do not have a history of falling, which statistical test would be most appropriate to use?
Square dependent (paired) t-test
Independent (unpaired) t-test
One-way analysis of variance
Pearson product moment coefficient
Independent (unpaired) t-test
104
If you wanted to classify a group of women as having normal bone density, low bone density, or osteoporosis, based on measures of their age, height loss, and activity level, what type of statistical analysis would you use?
Analysis of variance
Chi square analysis
Discriminant analysis
Factor analysis
Discriminant analysis
105
What is the purpose of doing a power analysis when you are planning an experimental study?
a. To assess the number of dependent variables you can analyze in a single study
b. To decide whether to pose a directional or non-directional research hypothesis
c. To estimate the amount of time you will need to collect sufficient data
d. To help you determine an appropriate sample size
d. To help you determine an appropriate sample size
105
A sampling technique in which you send a research survey to a small group of subjects who meet your criteria and ask them to share it with others who also meet that criteria is known as
Quota sampling
Random sampling
Snowball sampling
Stratified sampling
Snowball sampling
106
A portion of your patient satisfaction survey asks patients to rate the level of importance of various factors when selecting a healthcare provider. They asked to use the scale below to rate their response:
* 1 = not important at all
* 2 = somewhat important
* 3 = very important
* 4 = critically important
This type of scale is best described as a
Guttmann scale
Likert scale
Semantic differential scale
Visual analog scale
Likert scale
107
When might you use a coefficient of variation (CV) to describe the variability of a set of measurements?
a. Any time your data are measured at the nominal or ordinal level
b. When you want to compare the variability in multiple variables that have different units of measure
c. When your data have been converted to percentages
d. Whenever your standard deviations are very large
b. When you want to compare the variability in multiple variables that have different units of measure
108
What do statistical measures of “central tendency” represent?
The amount of variance in a distribution of numbers
The average value in a distribution of numbers
The range of a distribution when outliers are removed
The shape of a distribution of numbers
The average value in a distribution of numbers
109
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110
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111
If you wanted to graphically illustrate the relationship of two variables, which type of graph would you select?
Bar
Line
Pie
Scatter plot
Scatter plot
112
To meet the definition of “reliable”, a test must be both consistent and
Cost-effective
Efficient to use in a clinical setting
Free from error
Highly specific
Free from error
113
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113
What is the diagnostic advantage of having a highly sensitive test?
When the test is (positive/negative), you can confidently rule (in/out) that diagnosis
When the test is NEGATIVE, you can confidently rule OUT that diagnosis
114
If you wanted to examine the test-retest reliability of a grip dynamometer, which correlational statistic would be most appropriate to analyze this relationship?
Cronbach’s alpha
Intraclass correlation coefficient
Phi coefficient
Pearson product moment correlation
Intraclass correlation coefficient
115
When comparing the means between two groups of subjects, you discover that there is a significant difference between the variances of your outcome measure in those groups. What does this result tell you?
a. You are more likely to have committed a type I statistical error
b. You are more likely to have committed a type II statistical error
c. You need to run some additional post hoc tests
d. You should use a nonparametric statistical test to analyze your data
d. You should use a nonparametric statistical test to analyze your data
115
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116
A study that follows the same group of subjects over an extended period of time to determine the extent to which exposure certain risk factors actually results in the incidence of a disease/health condition is known as a
Case series
Cohort study
Cross-sectional study
Quasi-experimental study
Cohort study
117
A surgeon wants to compare functional outcomes among his total knee arthroplasty patients, some of whom received physical therapy after their hospital discharge and some who did not receive therapy. He wants to measure their knee ROM, gait speed, and pain ratings before surgery and at a 2 months postoperatively. What type of data analysis procedures would be most appropriate to use in this situation?
a. Chi square analysis
b. Multiple linear regression
c. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance
d. Three-way analysis of variance
c. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance
118
You are comparing the balance scores of older adults who live in community versus assisted living facilities versus nursing homes. Your analysis of variance produces a p-value of 0.33. To fully analyze the group differences, what would be your next step?
a. Analyze the descriptive statistics and compare the variances of each group
b. Rerun the ANOVA and enter age as a covariate
c. Run a logistic regression to determine the predictive value of the balance scores
d. Run a post hoc comparison test to determine which groups differed from each other
d. Run a post hoc comparison test to determine which groups differed from each other
119
A study statistically analyzes and integrates the results of several studies in order to make a clinical recommendation regarding the overall efficacy of a particular type of treatment would be described as a(an)
Delphi study
Epidemiologic study
Factor analysis
Meta-analysis
Meta-analysis
120
A therapist conducted a study to compare the effects of real versus placebo laser radiation on the joint pain and mobility of patients with arthritic knee joints. Subjects’ pain and mobility were measured before and after 2 weeks of daily laser treatments. The dependent variable(s) in this study was/were
Laser intensity
Pain and functional ratings
Treatment duration (2 weeks)
Type of laser treatment received (real versus placebo)
Pain and functional ratings
121
Using a regression analysis, a physical therapy instructor analyzes the effects of multiple predictors of academic success on the students’ final GPA. The analysis produces an R2 (coefficient of determination) value of 0.36. How should the instructor interpret this statistic?
a. The correlation between the predictor variables and GPA is not statistically significant
b. The correlation between the predictor variables and GPA is very strong
c. The predictor variables account for 36-37 of the variance in the students’ GPAs
d. The predictor variables are inversely related to students’ GPA
c. The predictor variables account for 36-37 of the variance in the students’ GPAs
122
When conducting a qualitative research study, data validity is usually established by
a. Analyzing data at a lower alpha level
b. Increasing the sample size to include a broader variety of subjects
c. Repeating the observations or interviews multiple times
d. Triangulating data from multiple sources
d. Triangulating data from multiple sources
123
Which of the following graphic methods is commonly used to analyze the data in a single-subject research study?
Forest plot
Limits of agreement graph
Receiver operating curve
Two-standard -deviation band method
Two-standard-deviation band method
124
The combined effect of two or more independent variables on one more dependent variable is known as the __ effect.
Additive
Interaction
Integrative
Regression
Interaction
125
You have performed a study investigating the influence of gender on cutting mechanics. Your dependent variable is peak knee valgus moment (a continuous variable) and your independent variable is gender (a nominal variable). What is the most appropriate statistic to evaluate your data?
Two-factorial ANOVA with repeated measures
Independent samples t-test
Multiple regression
Spearman’s rank test
Independent samples t-test
126
One threat to internal validity may occur in a research study where subjects know they are being studied, so they perform differently than usual, producing biased results. This phenomenon is known as the __ effect.
Hawthorne
Maturation
Placebo
Selection
Hawthorne
