methods of practice Flashcards
what is whole practice
the skill is presented in its entirety and not broken down into different parts
what is whole-part-whole practice
when the learner attempts the full skill, then breaks it down into its subroutines(seperate parts) and practiced in isolation before it’s integrated back into the entire skill
progressive part (also called chaining)
each subroutine is practiced separately until it’s perfected then they are put all together
what’s the difference between whole part whole and progressive part
whole part whole starts with the performer attempting the full skill, whereas progressive part starts with the first subroutine being practiced until it’s perfected
when should whole practice be used
when the skill is highly organised, simple, discrete, fast, not dangerous, and the performer is automomous
when should whole part whole practice be used
when the skill is complex or fast/ballistic and when the performer is cognitive and is grooving individual parts, or autonomous and concentrating on improving a specific weakness
when should a performer use progressive part practice
when the skill is low organisation, serial, complex or dangerous. When the performer is cognitive
what are the disadvantages and advantages of using whole practice
advantages: kinaestheis is developed, fluency between subroutines is maintained, creates a clear mental image
disadvantages: can cause information overload, can cause fatigue, performer must be physically capable of producing full skill(not ideal for cognitive performers)
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using whole-part-whole practice
advantages: weak parts/subroutines can be improved, confidence and motivation increase as success is seen in each part, in the ‘whole’ fluency is maintained
disadvantages: time consuming, can’t be used with organised skills, kinaesthesis/fluency can be negatively effected is the ‘part’ isn’t integrated adequately quickly
what are the advantages and disadvantages of using progressive part practice ‘chaining’
advantages: focusing on just one part of the skill decreases chance of overload and fatigue, aids understanding of each part, danger is reduced, confidence and motivation increase as success in each part
disadvantages: time consuming, can’t be used with highly organised skills, kinaesthesis/feel for whole skill isn’t experienced until right at the end(when all parts are put together)
give sporting examples of when whole practice should be used
golf swing, tennis serve, forward roll, cycling
give an example of how whole part whole would be used for a ‘front crawl’
whole: introduce the full stoke, allowing performer to experience it full and realise arm positioning is incorrect.
part: practice arm action in isolation with the aid of floats until grooved.
whole- practice the full stroke again with improved arm action
how would progressive party practice be used in triple jump
teach hop- practice until grooved
teach step- practice until grooved
practice hop and step together
teach jump- practice until grooved
practice hop step and jump together
