Information processing Flashcards
what are the 4 stages of information processing
input, decision making, output and feedback
what is the input stage
the senses gather cues, DCR process occurs, selective attention occurs(performer filters out then focuses on relevant cues/information while disregarding the irrelevant )
what are the 6 senses in the memory models
eyes- vision, ears- audition, proprioceptors, touch, balance, kinaesthesis
what happens in the decision making, output and feedback stages of information processing
decision- a decision is made as the memory system is engaged and previous experiences are looked back on and the motor programme is retrieved and sent to muscles
output- skill is produced
feedback- performer receives information about action they’ve produced
What are the 9 elements of Whitings Information-processing model
Environment, display, sensory organs/receptor systems, perceptual mechanism, translatory mechanism, effector mechanism, muscular system, output data, feedback data
what is the environment and display
environment- contains all info required to perform skill/action
display: entire sporting environment, some will be relevant some will be irrelevant( e.g ball is relevant, crowd is irrelevant)
what are the sensory organs/receptor systems
3senses that receive sensory information from display: Vision(e.g seeing the ball), audition(e.g hearing shouts from coach about tactics), proprioception(tells ur about position of our bodies)
What does proprioception consist of
touch(e.g. the feeling of equipment on skin), kinaesthesis(e.g the internal muscle feeling that gives us info about whether the movement felt correct or not), equilibrium(e.g. information about whether body is balanced)
What is the perceptual mechanism?
when a judgment is made regarding the incoming info received by sense organs, DCR process
detection-cues are received
comparison-compared with those already stored in memory system
recognition- understanding what response is required based on stored memories
5 reasons why selective attention is important
it aids concentration, improves reaction time, filters out distractions, controls arousal levels, reduced chance of information overload in STM(short-term memory)
What is the translators mechanism
Decision is made on what action should be taken with help of previous experiences stored in memory, correct response is decided on the form of a motor programme and put into action e.g. the motor programme for receiving a high ball is selected
What is the effector mechanism
Impulses are sent to the relevant working muscles to carry out movement e.g. legs to prepare to jump for the ball and biceps brachii in arms to get ready to revieve the ball
what is the muscular system and output data
the muscles that r needed to catch the ball recieve impulses and are ready to catch e.g. biceps brachii recieve the impulse and begin to contracts.
Output data- movement/action is performed e.g jump to recieve high ball
What is feedback data?
information about movement is revised, either intrinsic feedback(knowing i’ve caught the ball correctly because it feels right in my muscles) or extrinsic feedback(coach shouts good catch or crowd cheers)
