Metabolism Quiz Flashcards
What is the sum of all the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time?
Metabolism
What is the function of the Citric Acid cycle(Kreb Cycle)
- to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes
- production of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids
- produces 2 ATP
Define Reduction
addition of electrons to a molecule and results in an increase in the energy content of the molecule
What is Glycolysis? Where does it occur?
- splitting glucose molecules into two (reversible)
- occurs in the cytosol
The inadequate exposure to sunlight could result in decreased amounts of which vitamin the body?
Vitamin D
Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of which vitamin?
fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
What is Oxidation?
the removal of electrons from a molecule and results in a decrease in the energy content of the molecule
Two major eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and what? (2)
- bulimia nervosa
- binge eating disorder
During cellular Respiration, which molecule enters into the mitochondrion?
pyruvate molecules (with oxygen)
This term is referred to as an unhealthy state resulting from inadequate intake of one or more nutrients that becomes life-threatening as the deficiencies accumulate
malnutrition
Know the nitrogen compounds (4 main)
- amino acids
framework of all proteins, glycoproteins, and lipoproteins - purines and pyrimidines
nitrogenous bases of RNA and DNA - creatine
energy storage in muscle (creatine phosphate) - porphyrins
bind metal ions, essential to hemoglobin, myoglobin, and cytochromes
They are not stored in the body
Must be obtained by: Recycling N compounds in body OR from diet
Which nutrient is not recommended in the MyPlate Plan?
oils (fats)
What is an important trace mineral that acts as an antioxidant?
selenium
Scurvy is the result of deficiency of which vitamin?
vitamin C
In the Electron Transfer System (ETS), what accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another?
a coenzyme
Lipid-soluble vitamin overdoses primarily affect which organ?
liver
What factors influence an individual’s BMR (basal metabolic rate)?
- age
- body composition
- physical activity
- hormone function
Know the nutrient that yields the most energy per gram when metabolized
fats
What is a T4 assay is used for?
a test that checks thyroid for conditions
During cellular Respiration, which molecule enters into the Kreb Cycle?
acetyl CoA
What is the first product of Kreb Cycle?
citric acid
Obesity is defined as a body weight more than, what percent above the ideal body weight for an individual?
20%
Know the products of Glycolysis
- 2 pyruvic acid
- 2 ATP net (4 ATP)
Glycolysis produces how many molecules of Pyruvic Acid?
two
The energy content of foods is commonly in what units?
kilo calories (calories) OR kilojules (jules)
More than half the heat is lost from the body indoors through what process?
radiation
The loss of heat energy by vaporizing water is called
evaporation
The direct transfer of heat energy from one object to another through physical contact is called
conduction
During Cellular Respiration, this molecule is the last electron acceptor
oxygen
Physicians have found improved outcomes when forcefully cooling specific organs or the whole body prior to surgery in a process called
induced hypothermia OR therapeutic cooling
In glycolysis, each molecule of glucose that is catabolized gives a net yield of how many molecules of ATP?
2 net, equaling a total of 4
The strategy of eating starchy foods for several days before an athletic event is known as
carbohydrate loading
Reactions within which organelle in a cell provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell?
mitochondria
How many net ATP molecules are produced by the complete metabolism (all pathways) of one glucose molecule?
36 net
The KrebCycle (citric acid cycle) occurs in the
mitochondria
The Electron Transport System (ETC) occurs in the
mitochondria
Glycolysis takes place here
cytosol
The end products of aerobic respiration are
- carbon dioxide
- water
- energy
Glycolysis is an aerobic reaction,(YES/NO)
YES, can also be anaerobic
