Endocrine System Diseases Flashcards
Exam 1
Pituitary Gland
Acromegaly
Giantism
Diabetes Insipidus
Dwarfism
Acromegaly
Cause: over secretion of GH in an adult, tumor of pituitary
S&Sx: increased growth of bones in hands, feet, and face
Giantism
Cause: over secretion of GH before puberty
S&Sx: excessive growth of long bones, extreme tallness, decreased sexual development
Diabetes Insipidus
Cause: lack of ADH secretion
S&Sx: polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (excessive urine production), dehydration, weakness, dry skin, no glucose in urine
Tx: ADH replacement
Dwarfism
Cause: under secretion of GH due to tumor, infection, genetics, or injury
S&Sx: small body size, short extremities, skeletal abnormalities
Tx: injections of GH at times
Thyroid Gland
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Graves Disease
Hypothyroidism (2 types)
Hyperthyroidism
Cause: overactive thyroid gland, increased BMR
S&Sx: nervousness, tremors, weight loss, goiter
Tx: Surgery or radiation
Goiter
Cause: Hyperactive thyroid or iodine deficiency
S&Sx: thyroid enlargement, dysphagia, choking sensation, or radiation
Graves Disease
Cause: Severe form of hyperthyroidism
S&Sx: strained and tense facial expression, exophthalmia (protruding eyeballs).
Tx: meds radioactive iodine or thyroidectomy
Hypothyroidism (Early Childhood)
AKA Cretinism. Cause: under active thyroid
-Occurs in infants/ early childhood
-Mental & physical growth retardation, lack of weight
Tx: Thyroid Hormones
Hypothyroidism (Late Childhood/Adults)
AKA Myxedema. Cause: under active thyroid
-later in childhood/adults
-Coarse, dry skin; slow mental fx, intolerance of cold, wgt gain, edema, puffy eyes & slow pulse. due to lack of iodine goiter may develop
Tx: Thyroid hormones
Parathyroid Glands
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Cause: over active parathyroid
-High level of calcium in blood
-Results in kidney stones/weak bones
Tx: surgical removal of gland
Hypoparathyroidism
Cause: under active parathyroid
-Low level of calcium in blood
S&Sx: Tetany - sustained muscular contraction, Hyperirritability of nervous system, death can occur
Tx: calcium & vitamin D
Adrenal Glands
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Aldosteronism
Adrenogenital syndrome
Addison’s disease
Cause:Decreased secretion of aldosterone (mineralcorticiod)
S&Sx: Bronzing of skin, dehydration, fatigue, mental lethargy, wgt loss
Tx: Tx with steroids
Cushing’s Syndrome
Cause: Over secretion of glucocorticoids
S&Sx: Hyperglycemia, moon face & obesity
Tx: Can occur from taking Rx glucocorticoids
Aldosteronism
abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone, usually due to adrenal tumors
Sx: hypertension and edema, abnormal nonresponsive neurons and muscle
Androgenital syndrome
too much androgen secretion; in males -> early maturation and aggressive sex drive; females -> beard and masculination
Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus (2 Types)
Diabetes Mellitus
Cause: decreased secretion of insulin. Metabolism of carbs, proteins & fats affected.
S&Sx: Hyperglycemia, Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive hunger), Polyuria (excessive urine production), Glucosuria (sugar in urine), weight loss, Fatigue, Slow healing of wounds, Vision changes
Tx: diet, exercise, oral hypoglycemics, insulin
type 1 diabetes mellitus
diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin (hyposecretion of insulin)
type 2 diabetes mellitus
insulin receptors aren’t working (hypoactivity of insulin)
Hyperprolactinemia
Higher-than-normal prolactin levels, which may result in spontaneous breastmilk production, lack of menses, and infertility. Causes include pituitary tumors and some pharmaceuticals.
Hyperinsulinism
excessive insulin secretion. Causes hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
