Metabolism

Question 1

Utilizing compounds for the generation of energy

Answer 1

Catabolism

Question 2

Utilization of energy to produce compounds

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

What is a major intermediate in several pathways of energy production?

Answer 3

Acetylene-CoA

Question 4

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Answer 4

Generates NADPH,

Generates 5 carbon sugars for nucleotides

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Glucose to pyruvate, important side products in some tissues (Glycerol-3-phosphate, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate)

Question 6

Gluconeogenisis

Answer 6

Synthesis of glucose from pyruvate (non-carb sources).

Restricted to the liver/kidney

Question 7

Source from carbs in glycoproteins and ptoteoglycans

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

Source of glucuronides

Answer 8

Glucose (very active in the liver). Makes poorly soluble compounds more soluble in aqueous environment, thus more easily extracted. Active on bilirubin and drug substrates.

Question 9

What is Acetyl-CoA a substrate for?

Answer 9

TCA cycle, Lipogenesis, Cholesterol synthesis, Ketone bodies

Question 10

What are the two end fates for amino acids?

Answer 10

Elimination as urea, reutilization to form another amino acid

Question 11

What is the main source of nitrogen for the body?

Answer 11

Amino Acids

Question 12

Where does gluconeogenesis occur?

Answer 12

Kidneys/Liver

Question 13

What type of metabolism can RBCs not utilize?

Answer 13

Aerobic carbohydrate metabolism

Question 14

In what areas of the body is glycogen mainly found?

Answer 14

Muscle and liver

Question 15

In what areas of the body are triglycerides mainly found?

Answer 15

Adipose tissue

Question 16

What macros do phospholipids require?

Answer 16

Lipids, carbs, amino acids

Question 17

What macros do nucleotides require?

Answer 17

Carbs, amino acids

Question 18

Where does fatty acid oxidation occur?

Answer 18

Inside the mitochondria

Question 19

Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

Answer 19

Inside the cytosol

Question 20

How many essential carbs are there?

Answer 20

None

Question 21

What type of fiber increases stool bulk and decreases transit time?

Answer 21

Cellulose and hemicellulose

Question 22

What type of fiber Increases stool bulk and binds cholesterol/carcinogens?

Answer 22

Ligins

Question 23

What types of fiber decrease the rate of gastric emptying/carb absorption/serum cholesterol?

Answer 23

Pectin and gums

Question 24

What is the “recommended” daily protein intake?

Answer 24

0.8 g/kg

Question 25

Which amino acid is considered essential for children?

Answer 25

Arginine

Question 26

When would an individuals have a positive nitrogen balance?

Answer 26

Growth, convalescence

Question 27

When would an individuals have a negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 27

Starvation, diseases, severe burns

Question 28

2 Essential fatty acids

Answer 28

Linoleic acid (_6) and LinoleNic acid (_3)

Question 29

Fats aid in absorbtion of what?

Answer 29

fat soluble vitamins

Question 30

Marasmus

Answer 30

Extreme emanciation from prolonged negative energy balance. Loss of protein from muscle/liver/heart/kidneys

Question 31

Kwashiorkor

Answer 31

Diet with adequate calories but inadequate protein.