Glycolysis Flashcards
What regulates glucose entering the cell?
Insulin
First step in glycolysis
Glucose to glucose-6-Pi (irreversable)
Where is hexokinase found?
All tissue types
Where is glucokinase found?
Liver and pancreatic beta cells
What is inhibited by G-6-P?
Hexokinase
What is the function of glucokinase?
to remove glucose from the blood
What is the committed step of glycolysis?
F-6-P to F-1,6-BP. Uses one ATP. Is irreversible. Phosophofructokinase 1 (PFK1)
What inhibits enolase?
Fluoride, used to clinically determine BS
Aerobic glycolysis
Pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA
What is the third irreversable reaction of glycolysis?
PEP to pyruvate (pyruvate kinase). ATP formed
Anaerobic glycolysis
Lactate dehydrogenase forms Lactate
What is the primary purpose of anaerobic glycolysis?
Regeneration of NAD+
Why must NAD+ be regenerated for glycolysis?
NADH cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane
ATP production in glycolysis?
net gain of 2 ATP per a glucose molecule
What activates PFK-1?
F-2,6-BP, AMP
What inhibits PFK-1?
Citrates, ATP
What activates Pyruvate kinase?
F-2,6-BP, AMP
What inhibits pyruvate kinase?
Acetyl-CoA, ATP
What is 2-3BPG’s affect on erythrocytes?
Decreased affinity for O2, so O2 is released
What type of carb metabloism is not affected by insulin?
Fructose metabolism
Glactosemia
lack of G-1-P uridyltransferase
