Metabolism 2 Flashcards
Which cell absorbs glucose and turns it into triglycerides when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?
Adipocyte
Which cell absorbs glucose (and amino acids), converts it into glycogen when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?
Muscle fiber
Which cell absorbs glucose and converts it into glycogen when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?
Liver cell
Which cell “has no change to glucose, may inhibit appetite” when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?
CNS neuron
blood glucose levels in type-I diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
HIGH
blood glucose levels in type-II diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
HIGH
blood insulin levels in type-I diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
LOW
blood insulin levels in type-II diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
HIGH
number of insulin receptors in type-I diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
NORMAL
number of insulin receptors in type-II diabetes?
LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?
LOW
When does the pancreas secrete the following hormones:
When blood glucose is high: insulin
insulin
When does the pancreas secrete the following hormones:
When blood glucose is low:
glucagon
what cells in the pancreas make the following hormones:
alpha islet
Glucagon
what cells in the pancreas make the following hormones:
beta islet
Insulin
Which organ synthesizes cholesterol?
liver
- When the hormone insulin is released into the bloodstream, it travels throughout the body binding to ______ ______ (found on most target tissues), which activates a ______ _______ _______?
it travels throughout the body binding to insulin receptors (found on most target tissues), which activates a second messenger pathway.
- This initiates the movement of glucose ________ from ________ ________ to the _____ ________, in order to move glucose from the blood and into the cell.
glucose transporters from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane, in order to move glucose from the blood and into the cell.
- From there, glucose is ______ for ____ or it gets ________ ___ _ ______ __ ______ (triglycerides or glycogen, for example).
From there, glucose is used/burned for fuel or it gets converted into a macromolecule for storage (triglycerides or glycogen, for example).
Trans-fats are unhealthy because (4 reasons)
- hypertension
- atherosclerosis
- heart disease
- early death.
solids at body temperature (very densely packed macromolecules) are unhealthy because they form what?
plaques in arteries
plaques in arteries makes passage of blood more difficult, why is this a problem?
makes the heart work harder to pump blood out, which can eventually obstruct blood flow altogether leading to heart attack and/or surgical intervention
