Metabolism 2

Question 1

Which cell absorbs glucose and turns it into triglycerides when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?

Answer 1

Adipocyte

Question 2

Which cell absorbs glucose (and amino acids), converts it into glycogen when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?

Answer 2

Muscle fiber

Question 3

Which cell absorbs glucose and converts it into glycogen when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?

Answer 3

Liver cell

Question 4

Which cell “has no change to glucose, may inhibit appetite” when Insulin is released in the bloodstream?

Answer 4

CNS neuron

Question 5

blood glucose levels in type-I diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 5

HIGH

Question 6

blood glucose levels in type-II diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 6

HIGH

Question 7

blood insulin levels in type-I diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 7

LOW

Question 8

blood insulin levels in type-II diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 8

HIGH

Question 9

number of insulin receptors in type-I diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 9

NORMAL

Question 10

number of insulin receptors in type-II diabetes?

LOW, NORMAL, OR HIGH?

Answer 10

LOW

Question 11

When does the pancreas secrete the following hormones:

When blood glucose is high: insulin

Answer 11

insulin

Question 12

When does the pancreas secrete the following hormones:

When blood glucose is low:

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

what cells in the pancreas make the following hormones:

alpha islet

Answer 13

Glucagon

Question 14

what cells in the pancreas make the following hormones:

beta islet

Answer 14

Insulin

Question 15

Which organ synthesizes cholesterol?

Answer 15

liver

Question 16

1. When the hormone insulin is released into the bloodstream, it travels throughout the body binding to ______ ______ (found on most target tissues), which activates a ______ _______ _______?

Answer 16

it travels throughout the body binding to insulin receptors (found on most target tissues), which activates a second messenger pathway.

Question 17

2. This initiates the movement of glucose ________ from ________ ________ to the _____ ________, in order to move glucose from the blood and into the cell.

Answer 17

glucose transporters from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane, in order to move glucose from the blood and into the cell.

Question 18

3. From there, glucose is ______ for ____ or it gets ________ ___ _ ______ __ ______ (triglycerides or glycogen, for example).

Answer 18

From there, glucose is used/burned for fuel or it gets converted into a macromolecule for storage (triglycerides or glycogen, for example).

Question 19

Trans-fats are unhealthy because (4 reasons)

Answer 19

1. hypertension
2. atherosclerosis
3. heart disease
4. early death.

Question 20

solids at body temperature (very densely packed macromolecules) are unhealthy because they form what?

Answer 20

plaques in arteries

Question 21

plaques in arteries makes passage of blood more difficult, why is this a problem?

Answer 21

makes the heart work harder to pump blood out, which can eventually obstruct blood flow altogether leading to heart attack and/or surgical intervention