Kidney 2 Flashcards
In the Loop of Henle:
the descending limb is relatively more permeable to _________, while the ascending limb more permeable to ______.
water, solutes
Glucose is reabsorbed in the _______ section of a nephron.
PCT
Water Pills lower blood pressure by:
a. Increasing Na+ reabsorption in the PCT
b. Reducing GFR
c. Blocking Na+ reabsorption in the Loop of Henle
d. Blocking K+ reabsorption in the DCT
c. Blocking Na+ reabsorption in the Loop of Henle
Prolonged Aldosterone secretion can (directly) lead to:
a. Acidosis
b. Hypercapnia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypocapnia
e. Hypokalemia
e. Hypokalemia
In the PCT:
the Na+/K+ pump would be found on the _____ surface of the tubule epithelial cells.
basolateral
In the PCT:
Na+/glucose symporters would be found on the ______ surface of epithelial cells.
apical
Sympathetic stimulation normally causes ______ of the destrusor muscle and _____ of the internal urethral sphincter.
relaxation
constriction
In which parts of a nephron is blood pH regulated, primarily?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Collecting Duct
Distal Convoluted Tubule
Active transport / uses ATP:
Countercurrent multiplier
Passive / diffusion:
Countercurrent exchange
Sets up the solute gradient in the kidney:
Countercurrent multiplier
Utilizes the solute gradient in the kidney:
Countercurrent exchange
Involves blood flowing in the opposite direction of filtrate:
Countercurrent exchange
Where are the following hormones produced?
Aldosterone:
Adrenal glands
Where are the following hormones produced?
Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH):
Hypothalamus
Where are the following hormones produced?
Renin:
JGA
Which region of the kidney has the highest solute concentration:
In which region of the kidney are most Bowman’s Capsules found?
Medulla
Cortex
Why would type I Diabetes be associated with increased urine production?
Glucose transporters are only found in the proximal convoluted tubules of the nephron, and at the PCT glucose is normally fully reabsorbed.
However if there is an excess of glucose in the blood (such as the hyperglycemia for a patient with type I Diabetes), and it exceeds the transport maximum for glucose in the proximal convoluted tubules, then instead of being reabsorbed (like glucose normally should) it ends up traveling to the Loop of Henle. There, it (glucose) can act as a solute attracting more water (decreasing the osmotic gradient) where it acts as an osmotic diuretic, and thus more water is retained in the nephron that can’t be reabsorbed so it gets excreted from the body.
