Kidney 2

Question 1

In the Loop of Henle:

the descending limb is relatively more permeable to _________, while the ascending limb more permeable to ______.

Answer 1

water, solutes

Question 2

Glucose is reabsorbed in the _______ section of a nephron.

Answer 2

PCT

Question 3

Water Pills lower blood pressure by:

a. Increasing Na+ reabsorption in the PCT
b. Reducing GFR
c. Blocking Na+ reabsorption in the Loop of Henle
d. Blocking K+ reabsorption in the DCT

Answer 3

c. Blocking Na+ reabsorption in the Loop of Henle

Question 4

Prolonged Aldosterone secretion can (directly) lead to:

a. Acidosis
b. Hypercapnia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypocapnia
e. Hypokalemia

Answer 4

e. Hypokalemia

Question 5

In the PCT:

the Na+/K+ pump would be found on the _____ surface of the tubule epithelial cells.

Answer 5

basolateral

Question 6

In the PCT:

Na+/glucose symporters would be found on the ______ surface of epithelial cells.

Answer 6

apical

Question 7

Sympathetic stimulation normally causes ______ of the destrusor muscle and _____ of the internal urethral sphincter.

Answer 7

relaxation

constriction

Question 8

In which parts of a nephron is blood pH regulated, primarily?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule
Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct
Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 8

Collecting Duct

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 9

Active transport / uses ATP:

Answer 9

Countercurrent multiplier

Question 10

Passive / diffusion:

Answer 10

Countercurrent exchange

Question 11

Sets up the solute gradient in the kidney:

Answer 11

Countercurrent multiplier

Question 12

Utilizes the solute gradient in the kidney:

Answer 12

Countercurrent exchange

Question 13

Involves blood flowing in the opposite direction of filtrate:

Answer 13

Countercurrent exchange

Question 14

Where are the following hormones produced?

Aldosterone:

Answer 14

Adrenal glands

Question 15

Where are the following hormones produced?

Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH):

Answer 15

Hypothalamus

Question 16

Where are the following hormones produced?

Renin:

Answer 16

JGA

Question 17

Which region of the kidney has the highest solute concentration:

In which region of the kidney are most Bowman’s Capsules found?

Answer 17

Medulla

Cortex

Question 18

Why would type I Diabetes be associated with increased urine production?

Glucose transporters are only found in the proximal convoluted tubules of the nephron, and at the PCT glucose is normally fully reabsorbed.

Answer 18

However if there is an excess of glucose in the blood (such as the hyperglycemia for a patient with type I Diabetes), and it exceeds the transport maximum for glucose in the proximal convoluted tubules, then instead of being reabsorbed (like glucose normally should) it ends up traveling to the Loop of Henle. There, it (glucose) can act as a solute attracting more water (decreasing the osmotic gradient) where it acts as an osmotic diuretic, and thus more water is retained in the nephron that can’t be reabsorbed so it gets excreted from the body.