Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards
The molecular formula for carbonic acid is:
H2CO3
Renin is secreted by cells in the:
Juxtaglomerullar Apparatus
What is the function of mucus in the respiratory tract?
Aid in the absorption of O2
Aid in the excretion of CO2
Aid in removal of pathogens/debris
Aid in removal of pathogens/debris
When HCO3- falls, this could lead to: [a]
acidosis
A drop in blood CO 2 levels would lead to a [a] of the bronchioles and [b] of the arterioles.
bronchoconstriction or vasodilation
a. bronchoconstriction
b. vasodilation
What will the following diseases do to the bronchi/bronchioles:
asthma: [a]
bronchitis: [b]
constriction
dilation
inflammation
a. constriction
b. inflammation
Sympathetic stimulation causes [a] of the bronchioles, which is why people severely allergic to bee stings might carry an Epinephrine (Epi) pen.
constriction
dilation
inflammation
a. dilation
In the PCT, the Na+/K+ pump would be found on the [a] surface of the tubule epithelial cells.
apical or basolateral
a. basolateral
Describe the pressure found in the following spaces, relative to the outside air:
pleural cavity: [a]
intrapulmonary: [b]
less than 1 atm
about 1 atm
greater than 1 atm
a. less than 1 atm
b. about 1 atm
How does Alcohol promote diuresis?
it decreases GFR
it increases GFR
It blocks ADH release
it activates Renin
It blocks ADH release
In the kidneys, creatinine would be:
Filtered, but not reabsorbed
Filtered and reabsorbed
Not filtered and reabsorbed
Filtered, but not reabsorbed
Which of the following would promote O2:Hb dissociation (release)?
a drop in pH
a drop in temperature
a drop in pCO2
a drop in pH
When PCO2 falls, this could lead to: [a]
acidosis or alkalosis
alkalosis
Sympathetic stimulation causes
the detrusor muscle to: [a]
the internal urethral sphincter to: [b]
contract or relax
a. relax
b. contract
- How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?
When sodium reabsorption is blocked, the sodium ______ can’t get _______ by the _____ _____ into the blood, so the sodium remains in the _____ and eventually is _____ in the _____.
When sodium reabsorption is blocked, the sodium SOLUTES can’t get REABSORBED by the PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES into the blood so the sodium remains in the FILTRATE and eventually is EXCRETED in the URINE.
- How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?
If less solutes are present then that means more _____ is present, therefore acting as an ______.
If less solutes are present then that means more WATER is present, therefore acting as an OSMOTIC DIURETIC.
- How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?
This leads to ___ blood volume (because there is ___ solute in the blood due to the sodium reabsorption being _____) since the filtrate is being excreted.
This leads to LESS blood volume (because there is LESS solute in the blood due to the sodium reabsorption being BLOCKED) since the filtrate is being excreted.
- What is SIDS? when ____ stop _____ overnight and ____.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. when newborns stop breathing overnight & die.
- What is SIDS?
During sleep, infants placed on their _____ stop breathing during the night. Not breathing leads to no _________ gas exchange which leads to ______.
During sleep, infants (often times whom are placed on their STOMACHS) stop breathing in the night. Not breathing leads to no OXYGEN/CO2 gas exchange which leads to DEATH.
- What is SIDS?
Research has found a possible link between infants whom have died from SIDS; all the infants were missing/had defective ________ in the ____ for detecting rising ____ levels. Normally, these receptors would signal the brain to _________ but with defective/missing chemoreceptors the infant’s brain don’t receive the signal to breathe.
Research has found a possible link between infants whom have died from SIDS; all the infants were missing the (or had defective) CHEMORECEPTORS in the EARS for detecting rising CO2 levels. Normally these receptors would signal the brain to TAKE A BREATH but in the absence of (or with defective chemoreceptors) such receptors, the infants’ brain don’t receive the signal to breathe.
- What is SIDS? 2 risk factors.
- placing baby on stomach to sleep
- mothers who lack the means of acquiring proper medical education/instruction with caring for infants (such as teen mothers).
abnormal protein, abnormal erythrocytes on urinalysis means _____ damage.
kidney damage.
A post-operative patient, female age 35, administered morphine for pain, is unresponsive. She is taking rapid, shallow breaths (37/min) and her ABGs (arterial blood gas) come back:
pH = 7.51
Pa CO2 = 32 mm Hg (normal=40)
HCO3- = 23 mEq / L (normal=24)
Choose the terms that best describe this patient’s condition:
[a]compensated or uncompensated [b]metabolic or respiratory
[c]acidosis or alkalosis
a. uncompensated
b. respiratory
c. alkalosis
A post-operative patient, male age 24, has been administered morphine for pain. He exhibits shallow breathing (7/min) and is unresponsive. After ruling out airway problems, his ABGs (arterial blood gas) come back:
pH = 7.54
Pa CO2 = 55 mm Hg (normal=40)
HCO3- = 29 mEq / L (normal=24)
Choose the terms that best describe this patient’s condition:
[a]compensated or uncompensated [b]metabolic or respiratory
[c]acidosis or alkalosis
a. compensated
b. metabolic
c. alkalosis
