Exam 1 Part 2

Question 1

The molecular formula for carbonic acid is:

Answer 1

H2CO3

Question 2

Renin is secreted by cells in the:

Answer 2

Juxtaglomerullar Apparatus

Question 3

What is the function of mucus in the respiratory tract?

Aid in the absorption of O2
Aid in the excretion of CO2
Aid in removal of pathogens/debris

Answer 3

Aid in removal of pathogens/debris

Question 4

When HCO3- falls, this could lead to: [a]

Answer 4

acidosis

Question 5

A drop in blood CO 2 levels would lead to a [a] of the bronchioles and [b] of the arterioles.

bronchoconstriction or vasodilation

Answer 5

a. bronchoconstriction

b. vasodilation

Question 6

What will the following diseases do to the bronchi/bronchioles:

asthma: [a]
bronchitis: [b]

constriction
dilation
inflammation

Answer 6

a. constriction

b. inflammation

Question 7

Sympathetic stimulation causes [a] of the bronchioles, which is why people severely allergic to bee stings might carry an Epinephrine (Epi) pen.

constriction
dilation
inflammation

Answer 7

a. dilation

Question 8

In the PCT, the Na+/K+ pump would be found on the [a] surface of the tubule epithelial cells.

apical or basolateral

Answer 8

a. basolateral

Question 9

Describe the pressure found in the following spaces, relative to the outside air:
pleural cavity: [a]
intrapulmonary: [b]

less than 1 atm
about 1 atm
greater than 1 atm

Answer 9

a. less than 1 atm

b. about 1 atm

Question 10

How does Alcohol promote diuresis?

it decreases GFR
it increases GFR
It blocks ADH release
it activates Renin

Answer 10

It blocks ADH release

Question 11

In the kidneys, creatinine would be:

Filtered, but not reabsorbed
Filtered and reabsorbed
Not filtered and reabsorbed

Answer 11

Filtered, but not reabsorbed

Question 12

Which of the following would promote O2:Hb dissociation (release)?

a drop in pH
a drop in temperature
a drop in pCO2

Answer 12

a drop in pH

Question 13

When PCO2 falls, this could lead to: [a]

acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 13

alkalosis

Question 14

Sympathetic stimulation causes
the detrusor muscle to: [a]
the internal urethral sphincter to: [b]

contract or relax

Answer 14

a. relax

b. contract

Question 15

1. How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?

When sodium reabsorption is blocked, the sodium ______ can’t get _______ by the _____ _____ into the blood, so the sodium remains in the _____ and eventually is _____ in the _____.

Answer 15

When sodium reabsorption is blocked, the sodium SOLUTES can’t get REABSORBED by the PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES into the blood so the sodium remains in the FILTRATE and eventually is EXCRETED in the URINE.

Question 16

2. How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?

If less solutes are present then that means more _____ is present, therefore acting as an ______.

Answer 16

If less solutes are present then that means more WATER is present, therefore acting as an OSMOTIC DIURETIC.

Question 17

3. How does blocking sodium reabsorption lower blood pressure?

This leads to ___ blood volume (because there is ___ solute in the blood due to the sodium reabsorption being _____) since the filtrate is being excreted.

Answer 17

This leads to LESS blood volume (because there is LESS solute in the blood due to the sodium reabsorption being BLOCKED) since the filtrate is being excreted.

Question 18

1. What is SIDS? when ____ stop _____ overnight and ____.

Answer 18

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. when newborns stop breathing overnight & die.

Question 19

2. What is SIDS?
   During sleep, infants placed on their _____ stop breathing during the night. Not breathing leads to no _________ gas exchange which leads to ______.

Answer 19

During sleep, infants (often times whom are placed on their STOMACHS) stop breathing in the night. Not breathing leads to no OXYGEN/CO2 gas exchange which leads to DEATH.

Question 20

3. What is SIDS?
   Research has found a possible link between infants whom have died from SIDS; all the infants were missing/had defective ________ in the ____ for detecting rising ____ levels. Normally, these receptors would signal the brain to _________ but with defective/missing chemoreceptors the infant’s brain don’t receive the signal to breathe.

Answer 20

Research has found a possible link between infants whom have died from SIDS; all the infants were missing the (or had defective) CHEMORECEPTORS in the EARS for detecting rising CO2 levels. Normally these receptors would signal the brain to TAKE A BREATH but in the absence of (or with defective chemoreceptors) such receptors, the infants’ brain don’t receive the signal to breathe.

Question 21

4. What is SIDS? 2 risk factors.

Answer 21

1. placing baby on stomach to sleep
2. mothers who lack the means of acquiring proper medical education/instruction with caring for infants (such as teen mothers).

Question 22

abnormal protein, abnormal erythrocytes on urinalysis means _____ damage.

Answer 22

kidney damage.

Question 23

A post-operative patient, female age 35, administered morphine for pain, is unresponsive. She is taking rapid, shallow breaths (37/min) and her ABGs (arterial blood gas) come back:
pH = 7.51
Pa CO2 = 32 mm Hg (normal=40)
HCO3- = 23 mEq / L (normal=24)
Choose the terms that best describe this patient’s condition:
[a]compensated or uncompensated [b]metabolic or respiratory
[c]acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 23

a. uncompensated
b. respiratory
c. alkalosis

Question 24

A post-operative patient, male age 24, has been administered morphine for pain. He exhibits shallow breathing (7/min) and is unresponsive. After ruling out airway problems, his ABGs (arterial blood gas) come back:
pH = 7.54
Pa CO2 = 55 mm Hg (normal=40)
HCO3- = 29 mEq / L (normal=24)
Choose the terms that best describe this patient’s condition:
[a]compensated or uncompensated [b]metabolic or respiratory
[c]acidosis or alkalosis

Answer 24

a. compensated
b. metabolic
c. alkalosis