Digestion 3

Question 1

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

duodenum
Increases exocrine pancreatic secretions

Answer 1

Secretin

Question 2

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

duodenum
Increases bile release

Answer 2

Cholycystokinin (CCK)

Question 3

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

duodenum
Increases Insulin release

Answer 3

GLP-1

Question 4

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

duodenum
Increases blood flow to gut

Answer 4

VIP

Question 5

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

Both the stomach and duodenum
Increases stomach acid production

Answer 5

Gastrin

Question 6

This hormone’s site of production and main function:

duodenum
Increases mucus production

Answer 6

Enterocrinin

Question 7

What 5 molecules are primarily absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 7

Most vitamins
Amino acids
Nucleic acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates

Question 8

what 2 vitamins and 2 molecules are primarily absorbed in the large intestine?

Answer 8

Vitamin K and Biotin
Bile salts
Water

Question 9

The 2nd step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach
   CHOICES:
   Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
   Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
   Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
   Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 9

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b]
4. [c]
5. [d]
6. [e]
7. [f]

Question 10

The 3rd step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach
   CHOICES:
   Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
   Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
   Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
   Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 10

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b] Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes
4. [c]
5. [d]
6. [e]
7. [f]

Question 11

The 4th step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach

CHOICES:
Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 11

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b] Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes
4. [c] Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
5. [d]
6. [e]
7. [f]

Question 12

The 5th step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach
   CHOICES:
   Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
   Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
   Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
   Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 12

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b] Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes
4. [c] Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
5. [d] Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
6. [e]
7. [f]

Question 13

The 6th step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach
   CHOICES:
   Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
   Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
   Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
   Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 13

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b] Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes
4. [c] Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
5. [d] Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
6. [e] Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
7. [f]

Question 14

The 7th step regarding how fat from the food we eat reaches the bloodstream after:

1. Mechanical breakdown by the oral cavity and stomach
   CHOICES:
   Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
   Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification) Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
   Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
   Chylomicrons enter the blood

Answer 14

2. [a] Mechanical breakdown by bile salts (emulsification)
3. [b] Chemical breakdown by lipase enzymes
4. [c] Absorption by intestinal epithelial cells
5. [d] Lipids packaged into chylomicrons
6. [e] Chylomicrons enter the lacteals
7. [f] Chylomicrons enter the blood

Question 15

Describe what happens during the emulsification of fat:

a correct answer should mention:
mechanical breakdown of lipids into smaller droplets
increased surface area aids in subsequent chemical digestion by pancreatic lipases

Answer 15

The emulsification of fat involves breaking down larger lipid macromolecules into smaller lipid droplets (with the help of bile in the human body). This allows for a uniform composition between the liquid and solid components; the lipid droplets are evenly distributed/suspended in the liquid rather than separation of the heavier lipids (sunk at bottom) and lighter liquids (floating at top).