Metabolism

Question 1

Microsomal enzyme inducers

Answer 1

Examples of inducing agents:

1-phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine, rifampicin,,

Question 2

Example of inducing agent

Answer 2

• Clinical examples:

2- Phenytoin accelerates metabolism of cyclosporine-A (CS-A) leading to graft rejection

Question 3

Examples of inhibiting agents

Answer 3

Examples of inhibiting agents:

1-macrolide antibiotics (eg erythromycin), ciprofloxacin, cimetidine,

Question 4

Clinical examples of microsomal enzyme inhibitors

Answer 4

Clinical examples:

1-Ciprofloxacin inhibits metabolism of warfarin (anticoagulant) leading to accumulation of warfarin and bleeding

Question 5

First pass metabolism is ……

Answer 5

Pre systemic elimination

Question 6

Drug have complete first pasd metabolism

Answer 6

Lidocaine

Question 7

Drug have patrial first pass metabolism

Answer 7

Propranolol, morphine ,nitroglycerine

Question 8

Drugs don’t have first pass metabolism

Answer 8

Atenolol,mononitrates

Question 9

Conversion of active drug into Inactive(example)

Answer 9

metabolites»>

ما النتائج ؟

termination of

drug effect.

انتهاء تأثير الدواء (most drugs)

Question 10

Conversion of active drug into active metabolites→(name6 example,

Answer 10

Prodrugs,
Coidene to morphine

Question 11

Conversion of inactive drug to active drug

Answer 11

Enalapril to enalaprilate

Question 12

Conversion of non toxic drug to toxic drug

Answer 12

Paracetamol

Question 13

Phase 1 metabolism (include - occured by )

Answer 13

Reduction
Hydrolysis
Cytochrome P450 (cyp450) enzyme

Genetic polymorphism
•Some drugs and environmental substances can induce or inhibit certain cyp450 enzymes G leading to significant drug interactions

Question 14

Phase 2 include

Answer 14

Conjugation by glucuronic acid.

Question 15

Paracetamol toxicity occur with

Answer 15

Glutathione