metabolism

Question 1

whats metabolism

Answer 1

the sum of biochemical reactions required for energy generation and the use of energy to synthesise cell material from small molecules

Question 2

two types of metabolism os bacteria

Answer 2

catabolic

anabolic

Question 3

possible carbon sources for bact

Answer 3

glucose, lactose, pyruvic acid

Question 4

possible nitrogen sources for bact

Answer 4

protein hydrolysates, peptone, tryptone

Question 5

nutrient demand of bact

Answer 5

-carbon
-nitrogen
-phosphates
-sulphates
-potassium
-magnesium
-calcium
-iron
vitamins
additives

Question 6

two types of metabolic enzymes of bact

Answer 6

intracellular

extracellular

Question 7

movement of nutrients into the cell of a bact

Answer 7

through cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, porins, permeases - they need a constant energy supply

Question 8

two main groups of bact based on metabolism

Answer 8

autotrophic

heterotrophic

Question 9

are inorganic materials enough for autotrophic bacteria

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

c source for autotrophic bact

Answer 10

CO2

Question 11

n source for autroph bact

Answer 11

N2, NH3, NH4 salts

Question 12

two types of autotroph bact

Answer 12

photoautotoph

chemoautotroph

Question 13

photoautotrop bact features

Answer 13

photosynthesis

H donor

Question 14

chemoautotroph bact features

Answer 14

oxidation of inorganic materials
nitrification bact
saprophytes

Question 15

what kind of c sources are needed for heterotoph bact

Answer 15

organic c sources - carbohydrates, alcohols, amino acids

Question 16

N demand of heteroph bact

Answer 16

inorganic N or amino acids or proteins

Question 17

are lipids needed by heterotroph bact

Answer 17

no, except leptospira

Question 18

what type of lipid does leptospira need

Answer 18

free fatty acids

Question 19

paratrophic bact are a type of what

Answer 19

heterotoph bact

Question 20

paratrophic bact features

Answer 20

no propagation on artificial media, obligate intracellular bact

Question 21

pathogenicity of heterotoph bact

Answer 21

saprophytes and pathogens

Question 22

energy yielding mechanisms in eukaryotes

Answer 22

alcoholic fermentation
lactic acid fermentation
aerobic respiration
photosynthesis

Question 23

whats anaerobic respiration

Answer 23

respiration that uses substances other than O2 as a final electron acceptor

Question 24

whats lithotrophy

Answer 24

use of inorganic substance as sources of energy

Question 25

what photoheterotrophy

Answer 25

use of organic compounds as a carbon source during bacterial photosynthesis

Question 26

anoxygenic photosynthesis what is it

Answer 26

photphosphorylation in the absence of O2

Question 27

whats methogenesis

Answer 27

uses H2 as an energy source and produces methane

Question 28

whats light driven non photosynthetic photophosphorylation

Answer 28

unique archaen metabolism that converts light energy into chemical energy

Question 29

how do e coli produce energy for growth

Answer 29

by respiration or fermentation

Question 30

how can e coli respire aerobically

Answer 30

using O2 as a final electron acceptor

Question 31

how can e coli respire anaerobically

Answer 31

using NO3 or fumarate as a terminal electron acceptor

Question 32

what is produced in respiration (oxidation)

Answer 32

H2O2 and energy

Question 33

whats fermentation

Answer 33

oxidation with dehydrogenation

Question 34

in which form is the excess carbohydrate produced in fermentation

Answer 34

lactic acid

Question 35

obligate anaerobic bact features

Answer 35

- propagation in low redox potential media - fermentation products are characteristic - cytochrome system is missing - catalase and peroxidase are missing

Question 36

anaerobic bact genera

Answer 36

``` clostridium actinomyces fusobacterium bacteroides brachyspira ```

Question 37

energy production in obligate aerobic bact

Answer 37

energy prod with bact

Question 38

aerobic bact genera

Answer 38

``` bacillus micrococcus mycobacterium nocardia brucella pseudomonas, burkholderia bordetella moraxella ```

Question 39

growth of fac anaerobic bact

Answer 39

in presence or absence of O2

Question 40

energy production in fac anaerobic bact

Answer 40

oxidation | fermentation

Question 41

which bact need protein

Answer 41

trueperella pyogenes

Question 42

which bact need amino acids

Answer 42

peptone, tryptone

Question 43

which bact need inorganic nitrogne demand

Answer 43

autotrophs

Question 44

bacteria utilising N2

Answer 44

azotobacter, clostridium, rhizobium, rumen of ruminants

Question 45

bacteria using ammonium salts and ammonia

Answer 45

used directly to amino acid synthesis, nitrification bact, ruminants

Question 46

reactions done by bact using amino acids and other nitrogen compounds

Answer 46

decarboxylation | deamination

Question 47

products produced by bact using AAs and other N compounds

Answer 47

amines, keto acids, acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, NH3, H2, CO2, H2O, H2S, indole

Question 48

two types of proteolytic bact

Answer 48

aerobic | anaerobic

Question 49

example of aerobic proteolytic bact

Answer 49

proteus spp

Question 50

anerobic proteolytic bact

Answer 50

clostridium botulinum

Question 51

products of proteolytic bact

Answer 51

amino acids and diff end products

Question 52

role of bact in N cycle

Answer 52

decomposition of dead animals and plants end product of decomposition NH3, N2 production of NO2, NO3 NO2, NO3 utilised by plants

Question 53

name enzyme that some bact can produce

Answer 53

lipase

Question 54

bact that need vitB

Answer 54

brucella, lactobacilli - cheese production

Question 55

additives that bact might demand

Answer 55

NAD, haemin, PABA, mycobactin, DNA hydrolysate, cysteine

Question 56

NAD needing species

Answer 56

haemophilus, avibacterium, glasserella, actinobacillus

Question 57

species that need haemin

Answer 57

haemophilus

Question 58

bact that need PABA

Answer 58

erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 59

bact that need mycobactin

Answer 59

M avium ssp paratuberculosis

Question 60

bact that need DNA hydrolysate

Answer 60

mycoplasma spp

Question 61

bact that need cysteine

Answer 61

francisella tularenesis, renibacterium salmonarium

Question 62

reasons for bact to produce pigments

Answer 62

``` in the cell or diffuse to medium secondary metabolites material protect from light, redox processes environmental effects can influence ```

Question 63

carbohydrate metabolism tests

Answer 63

- utilisation - acid and gas production - citrate utilisation - c source utilisation - methyl-red test - voges-proskauer test - OF - oxidase - catalase

Question 64

tests for n metabolism

Answer 64

- nitrate reduction - urease production - phenylalanine-deaminase - H2S production - indol production - lysine decarboxylase

Question 65

extracellular enzymes

Answer 65

``` coagulase gelatinase proteolytic enzymes lecitinase lipase phosphatase ```

Question 66

utilisation of bacterial activity

Answer 66

``` decomposition of organic materials handling of manure handling of sewage water self cleaning of natural water silage production pickling dairy productions fermentation industry production of enzymes prod of hormones AB production biogas production microbial insecticides paint digesting bioremedation biomining desulphurisation of coal ```