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Bacto > fungi > Flashcards

fungi Flashcards

1
Q

fungi habitat

A

widely distributed

environment

human

animal

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2
Q

two ways of classifying fungi

A

phenotypic

phylogenetic

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3
Q

two names under phenotypic classification

A

anamorph name

teleomorph name

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4
Q

whats the anamorph name

A

on the basis of morph of asexual form

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5
Q

whats the teleomorph name

A

the name on the basis of the sxual form

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6
Q

whats a mitosporic fungi

A

one that has no known sexual form

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7
Q

five phyla of the phylogenetic classification

A

microspora

ascomycota

basidiomycota

blastocladiomycota

glomeromycota

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8
Q

sexual reproduction

A

zygospora

ascospora

basidiospora

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9
Q

two main types of spores of asexual spore formation

A

conidia

sporangiospores

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10
Q

what are conidia

A

asexual spore formation on conidiophores

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11
Q

what are sporangiospores

A

asexual spore formation within a sporangium

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12
Q

different styles of asexual spore formation

A

arthroconidia

blastoconidia

chlamydoconidia

macroconidia

microconidia

phialoconidia

sporangiospores

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13
Q

are fungi uni or multicellular

A

they can be either

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14
Q

fungi cell wall features

A
  1. cell wall
  2. septa
  3. cytoplasma membrane
  4. nuclear membrane
  5. nucleus
  6. nucleolus
  7. ribosomes
  8. endoplasmic reticulum
  9. mitochondria
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15
Q

what would you find in the cell wall

A

chitin, hemicellulose, mucopolysacharide, protein, lipid

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16
Q

where do you usually find septa

A

in hyphae

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17
Q

three morphological forms of fungi

A

moulds

yeasts

dimorphic

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18
Q

what are moulds

A

grow as branching filaments called hyphae

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19
Q

yeasts what are they

A

oval cells

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20
Q

dimorphic fungi what are they

A

they occur in both forms, moulds and yeats

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21
Q

dimorphic fungi are which type at environmental temp

A

mould

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22
Q

dimorphic fungi are which type in the body

A

yeasts

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23
Q

colony types

A

moulds - mycelium

yeasts - colony

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24
Q

staining for fungi

A

simple

Gr+

PAS - in tissue section

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25
Q

what do we do to hair or skin scrappings of fungi

A

clear the specimen with KOH

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26
Q

what type of agar do we culture fungi on

A

sabourad agar

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27
Q

the pH of sabourad agar

A

5.5

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28
Q

how can we culture dimorphic fungi in the yeast phase

A

blood agar

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29
Q

what pH is needed to culture fungi

A

5-7 except dermatophytes pH 7

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30
Q

selective culture of fungi

A

penicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, cycloheximide

31
Q

incubation time for yeast, aspergillus app and zygomycetes

A

1-4days

32
Q

incubation temp for yeats, aspergillus ssp, zygomycetes

A

37

33
Q

dermatophytes incubation temp

A

25

34
Q

dermatophytes incubation time

A

2-4weeks

35
Q

dimorphic fungi mould phase incubation temp

A

25

36
Q

dimorphic fungi yeast phase fungi

A

37

37
Q

dimorphic fungi incubation time

A

1-4weeks

38
Q

do fungi photosynthesise

A

no

39
Q

fungi biochemistry

A
  • active metabolism
  • extracellular enzymes
  • biochemical examinations
  • mycotoxin production
  • production of antibiotics
40
Q

fungi antigens, are they complex

A

yes

41
Q

fungi resistance

A

good

42
Q

how long can fungi surivive in dry enviro

A

years

43
Q

can fungi tolerate high osmotic pressure

A

yes

44
Q

can fungi tolerate low pH

A

yes

45
Q

identification

A
  • morphology
  • biochemical features
  • serologicla examinations
  • MALDI-TOF
  • on the basis of genotype
  • sexual or asexual spore formation
46
Q

pathogenicity

A

saprophytes - environmental fungi

47
Q

faculative pathogens two types of diseases

A

mycosis

mycotoxicosis

48
Q

whats mycosis

A

tissue invasion of the fungal species

49
Q

mycotoxicosis what is it

A

ingestion of fungal toxins which have been preformed in stored food or standing crops

50
Q

three types of mycosis

A

superficial

subcutaneous mycosis

systemic mycosis

51
Q

two types of superficial mycosis

A

dermatomycosis

dermatophytosis

52
Q

species with dermatomycosis

A

candida spp, malassezia pachydermatis

53
Q

species with dermatophytosis

A

microsporium spp, trichophyton spp

invasion and destruction of keratinised structures

54
Q

cause for systemic mycosis

A

prolonged AB therapy, immunosuppression

55
Q

induction of hypersensitivity

A

rare - associated with chronic pulomonary disease in cattle or horses

56
Q

yeasts

A

candida

cryptococcus

malassezia

57
Q

candida species

A

c albicans

c guillermondii

c tropicalis, c krusei

58
Q

c albicans disease

A

human, poultry, calf, piglet - commensals on mucus membranes

59
Q

c guillermondii species

A

cattle genital mucus membrane

60
Q

cryptococcus species

A

c neoformans

61
Q

c neoformans featues

A

large mucopolysaccharide capsule produced, mucoid colonies, infection derived form the environment

62
Q

cryptococcus disease

A

mastitis cattle, goat

localised granuloma formation

systemic mycosis in cats, dogs, horses, cattle

63
Q

malassezia species

A

m pachydermatis

64
Q

m pachydermatis features

A

bottle shaped cells, commensals on the skin

65
Q

malassezia disease in dogs and cats

A

dermatitis, external otitis

66
Q

the three types of agar an ear sample should be isolated on

A
  • blood agar
  • macconkey
  • sabourad
67
Q

which genera are dermatophytes members of

A

ascomycota

68
Q

dermatophytes have an affinity to which type of structures

A

keratinised

69
Q

dermatophytes are slow growing fungi, what kind of media is needed

A

sabourad and yeast extract

70
Q

can dermatophytes tolerate cycloheximide in media

A

yes

71
Q

are the mycelium of dermatophytes often pigmented

A

yes

72
Q

zoophilic group of dermatophytes comprises what

A

obligate pathogens

73
Q

name for dermatophytes cuased circular lesions

A

ringworm

74
Q

dermatophytes two genera

A

trichophytum

microsporum

Bacto (19 decks)

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