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MSK I > Mesodermal Layer > Flashcards

Mesodermal Layer Flashcards

1
Q

Paraxial mesoderm (overview)

A

longitudinal blocks of mesoderm on either side of notochord

becomes axial skeleton and skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Intermediate mesoderm (overview)

A

gives rise to urogenitals

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3
Q

Lateral plate mesoderm (overview)

A

gives rise to connective tissues, appendicular skeleton
smooth muscle
connective tissue of viscera and blood vessels

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4
Q

Paraxial M. —-> what two important structures on developing embryo

A

Somitomeres (cranially) and Somites (caudally from occipital region)

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5
Q

Paraxial meso produces the ____ and somites

A

head

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6
Q

somites develop into

A

sclerotome (cartilage), myotome (skeletal muscle), dermatome (dermis)

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7
Q

the D.M.S

A

dermatomes, mytotomes, sclerotomes all from paraxial

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8
Q

“clock” and wavefront model

A

somites develop according to this model of gene expression. there are four regions

it begins posteriorly and moves anteriorly (I think)

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9
Q

“waves”

A

development of somites uses the segmentation clock of cyclic expression of NOTCH and WNT signaling pathways.

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10
Q

Notch

A

notch protein accumulates in presomitic mesoderm destined to form the next somite and then decreases as that somite is established

the increase in notch protein activates other segment patterning genes that –> somite

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11
Q

ok, so the “simple” version of notch

A

notch protein accumulates and activates other Somite differentiating genes

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12
Q

what regulates the “boundaries” of each somite?

A

retinoic acid (RA) and FGF8 and WNT3

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13
Q

RA is expressed in high concentrations ____ and ______ ______

A

cranially, but decreases concentration caudally

FGF8 and WNT3 expressed higher in caudal region

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14
Q

RA, FGF8 and WNT3 concentrations

A

RA cranially, FGF8/WNT3 caudally

THESE control the segmentation clock and activity of NOTH pathway

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15
Q

Sclerotomes

A

ventromedial portion closest to the notochord, develops into skeletal parts

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16
Q

Dermamyotome

A

divides into the dermis

17
Q

Epidermis develops from ____ while dermis develops from

A

ectoderm, paraxial mesoderm

18
Q

myotome

A

develops into muscle

19
Q

which of the DMS move medially and concentrate around the notochord?

A

the sclerotomes

20
Q

which of the DMS is closest to surface ectoderm, and what does it do

A

dermomyotomes —->

dermatomes (dermis forming) and myotomes (muscle forming)

develops into

21
Q

Resegmentation

A

only occurs in sclerotome: they divide and then refuse with their neighbor to form vertebrae

22
Q

Sclerotomes do what

A

they condense around the notochord and form the vertebrae

23
Q

Hox gene control of somite development into vertebrae

A

it’s not a “one to one” basis but through hox gene interactions

24
Q

the “big” hox genes noted in class were

A

hox5-hox6 –> cervical v.
ho6-hox-9 –> thoracic
hox 9+ hox X–> lumbar/Sacral/Coccygeal

25
Q

epaxial genes =

A

MYF5

26
Q

hypaxial genes =

A

MYOD

27
Q

dermis forming genes =

A

NT-3

28
Q

MRFs

A

myogenic regulatory factors, essentially transcription factors

29
Q

Dermatome —>
Myotome –>
Sclerotome –>

A

dermis + nerve component

epaxial/hypaxial muscles+ nerve component (dorsal/ventral rami)

30
Q

intermediate mesoderm

A

most to posterior wall to form gonads, ducts, accessory glands or urinary reproductive tracks

31
Q

Caudal Dysplasia

A

total or partial failure of development of the lower vertebrae, including sacrum

results in associated abnormalities of lower extremities: spine, kidenys, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracks

BROAD range of symptoms/abnormalities

32
Q

Caudal Dysplasia MAY reflect _______ (3 things) but is highly associated with

A

toxic, infective, or ischemic insult

there is a significant association with maternal diabetes

33
Q

Lateral Plate mesoderm —> (from colorful image she showed a zillion times)

A

splanchnic mesoderm (circulatory system and visceral mesoderm), somatic mesoderm, extraembryonic mesoderm

34
Q

Somatic

A

wall of body cavity

35
Q

Splanchnic

A

viscera

36
Q

In the lateral plate mesoderm, splanchnic or somatic is closest to the intraembryonic coleom?

A

Splanchnic

37
Q

The embryonic gut tube is surrounded by

A

lateral plate splanchnic mesoderm, which is surrounded by lateral plate somatic mesoderm, which is surrounded by ectoderm on the surface

38
Q

somatiopleure

A

somatic mesoderm surrounding the splanchnic mesoderm which surrounds the gut tube

MSK I (14 decks)

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