Femoral Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Femoral triangle: roof and floor

A
roof = tensor fascia lata 
Floor = pectineus and iliopsoas muscles
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2
Q

Femoral triangle: boarders

A
medially = adductor longus 
laterally = sartorius 
superiorly = inguinal ligament
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3
Q

Femoral triangle: contents

A

Femoral nerve and branches

Femoral sheath and its contents:

Femoral artery and branches
Femoral vein and tributaries
Femoral canal (empty space) with deep inguinal lymph bodes

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4
Q

NAVEL

A
femoral Nerve 
femoral Artery 
femoral Vein
Empty space 
Lymph nodes
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5
Q

Femoral sheath description

A

“funnel shaped” fascial tube

inferior prolongation of transversalis fascia

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6
Q

Femoral Sheath divisions

A

vertical septa divide sheath into three compartments (femoral artery)

Laterally: Artery
Intermediate: vein
Medially: femoral canal (empty space with deep inguinal lymph nodes)

big thing is that the nerve is NOT contained in the femoral sheath

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7
Q

Femoral canal

A

inside the femoral sheath

allows femoral vein to expand

contains some lymph vessels, loose connective tissue and fat

extends distally to saphenous opening
has opening around 1 cm wide
“femoral ring” is the opening to the femoral canal, and it is covered by parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

from triangle to ring

A

Femoral triangle –> femoral sheath (not n.) –> femoral a., v., and femoral canal –> femoral ring, I cm wide

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9
Q

femoral ring

A

base of the femoral canal, small opening to a short canal containing loose connective tissues and lymphatics

proximal opening of femoral ring = femoral canal

contains rosenmuller’s ln

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10
Q

why is the femoral ring/canal important clinically?

A

femoral ring is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall where a loop of small intestine protrude into femoral canal

femoral hernia

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11
Q

femoral hernia

A

a protrusion of small intestines through the femoral ring and out the saphenous opening

more common in women

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12
Q

Hasselback’s triangle

A

in men, this is the location of an indirect inguinal hernia

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13
Q

Inguinal Lymph Nodes drain from —>

A

lower limb, including gluteal region
perineum and parts of anal canal
anterior abdominal wall (up to umbilicus)

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14
Q

two groups of inguinal lymph nodes —>

A

superficial (with proximal and horizontal)

deep

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15
Q

Proximal group of LNs

A

superficial inguinal LNs

I cm inferior to inguinal ligament

passes deep to inguinal ligament, travels beside saphenous vein

drains into external iliac lymph nodes

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16
Q

Distal vertical group

A

Along each side of great saphenous vein
pass deep to inguinal ligament
runs along side saphenous vein
dumps into external iliac lymph node

17
Q

Deep Inguinal Lymph Nodes

A

1-3 nodes along medial side of femoral vein
inside femoral canal of femoral sheath
drains into external iliac lymph nodes

18
Q

Femoral Nerve

A

L2-L4

largest branch of lumbar plexus

forms in abdomen with psoas major

lateral to femoral vessels

supplies anterior thigh, hip, and knee joints

terminal cutaneous branch is saphenous nerve

19
Q

Femoral nerve: who do I innervate and what are my cutaneous branches?

A

NERVE OF ANTERIOR THIGH

L2-L4: innervates iliacus, sartorius, quadriceps femoris, pectineus

cutaneous innervation includes:

Anterior: medial+intermediate cutaneous branches of femoral nerve (#5 on nerve map of lower extremity)

Saphenous nerve (#7 on nerve map of lower extremity) on far right

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve on lateral aspect of thigh

so basically the whole thigh, and the majority of the medial aspect of the leg

20
Q

Anterior hip dislocation may affect

A

femoral nerve and lateral cutaneous nerve

21
Q

Meralgia paresthetica

A

compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under the inguinal ligament causes pain along lateral thigh

22
Q

Saphenous Nerve

A

Cutaneous branch that accompanies femoral vessels
becomes superficial between sartorius and gracilis
supplies skin of anterior and medial knee and leg, plus medial foot

23
Q

where do the saphenous nerve and branch of descending genicular artery exit?

A

through medial side of the adductor canal

24
Q

adductor canal

A

intermuscular passage or fascial tunnel

femoral vessels reach the popliteal fossa through this route

begins at the apex of the femoral triangle, ends at adductor hiatus

25
Q

Adductor canal’s start and end site, and destination

A

begins at the apex of the adductor triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus

supplies femoral vessels to the popliteal fossa

26
Q

“hunters canal”

A

another name for the adductor canal, or subsartorial canal)

27
Q

adductor hiatus

A

opening in tendon of adductor and magnus

femoral vessels reach popliteal fossa (posterior knee and leg) via this arch way

28
Q

Femoral artery

A

chief arterial supply to lower limb
entry into femoral triangle, lateral to femoral vein

descends on iliopsoas, sartorius, adductor longus muscles

inferiorly: gives rise to articular branch and saphenous branch

29
Q

cannulation of femoral vessels

A

femoral artery must be palpated 2-3 cm inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament midway between ASIS and pubic tubercle

used for radiographic visualization of left heart and coronary vessels

compression of femoral artery: femur head lies posterior to femoral artery

30
Q

chief artery to the thigh

A

Profunda Femoris artery

usually descends behind adductor longus in femoral triangle, it gives rise to medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

gives rise to perforating arteries

31
Q

medial and lateral circumflex arteries are given off by the

A

profunda femoris a.

32
Q

main supply of blood to femoral head and neck

A

medial/lateral circumflex arteries, branches of femoral artery

medial: passes between iliopsoas and pectineus to reach posterior thigh
lateral: passes laterally, deep to sartorius and rectus femoris

supplies lateral thigh muscles and femur head

has three named branches

33
Q

lateral circumflex artery branches

A

ascending, transverse, and descending

anastamosis with medial circumflex in trochanteric fossa

34
Q

what do the perforating arteries supply blood to

A

adductor magnus and, other adductors, and hamstring muscles