Connective Tissue, Olinger Flashcards
Embryological connective tissue
present as “wharton’s jelly” in umbilical cord
pulp of developing teeth
Histologically distinguishing markers of embryonic CT
rich undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
SOME but not much collagen or reticular fibers
Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells differentiate into
amy blood or connective tissue cell
Loose (areolar) connective tissue
Adult connective tissue
found in mucosa/submucosa of various organs, surrounding blood vessels, nerves and muscles
Tunical Adventitia
made up of loose connective tissue
Loose (areolar) connective tissue composition
collagen fibers, elastic fibers, mast cells, ground substance
Dense Regular connective tissue is found in
tendons, ligaments, cornea and fascia
Dense regular CT consists of……
regularly oriented parallel bundles of collagen fibers
separated by linear rows of fibrocytes
the nuclei of the fibrocytes appear linear and the cytoplasm is very difficult to see
Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the…..
dermis layer of the skin and submucosa of the GI tract
Dense irregular connective tissue contains
course thick, intertwined bundles of collagen fibers arranged irregularly
fibroblasts are sparsely separated: fibroblasts are sparse separated by collagen
two kinds of dense irregular connective tissue
reticular connective tissue and elastic connective tissue
reticular connective tissue
characterized by abundance of reticular fibers
reticular fibers are produced by
fibroblasts, recticulocytes
Elastic connective tissue
characterized by an abundance of elastic fibers
elastic fibers of blood vessels are produced by smooth muscle cells
what do elastic fibers form around a lumen
discontinuous lamellae
elastic fibers are produced by smooth muscle cells
where are elastic connective tissues typically found?
in walls of large blood vessels and ligaments
White fat
“special connective tissue”
made up of unilocular adipocytes
acts as a reserve of long term energy
Brown fat
special connective tissue
serves primarily to dissipate energy
made up of multiocular adipocytes
between white and brown fat cells, which has the single largest inclusion that pushes the nucleus to an eccentric position
white fat
what makes brown fat brown?
high density of mitochondria and lipid deposits
what is an adipocyte exactly?
another name for them.
a modified fibroblast. stores lipid in its single unilocular vacuole
sometimes called “signet rings” based on resemblance to a ring
how many adipocytes do fat people have compared to skinny people
the same, it’s the amount stored in them
Cellular make up of connective tissue
fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells
Fibroblasts: description (3)
spindle shaped cell + oval nucleus
cytoplasm does not show up
Type I collagen
bone, dentin, tendon
Type II collagen
Hyaline and elastic cartilage
Type III collagen
in the reticular lamina of basement membranes
Type IV collagen
non fibrillous, basement membranes
does not form bundles
Type V collagen
Umbilicus, chorion, muscle and tendon sheaths
Elastic fibers are produced by ____ in skin and tendons, _____ in elastic cartilage, ___ in blood vessels and respiratory tract
1) fibroblasts
2) chondroblasts
3) smooth muscle cells
Elastic fibers are made from
elastin and fibrillin
Elastic fibers typically stain
dark blue or black
Mast cells exist as either _____ or as _______
mucosal mast cells in the intestine and lung, or connective tissue mast cells
Plasma cells have a _______ looking nucleus based on the the
cartwheel looking nucleus bsed on the distribution of heterochromatin
which cell has a well developed rER, Golgi, and nucleolus?
plasma cells
ECM: components
proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, water, aggregates, hyaluron, and adhesive proteins
adhesive proteins in the ECM
laminin, fibronectin, integrins
