Lymphatics (Ogden) Flashcards
Spleen: location, functions
beneath ribs 9, 10, 11, inbetween hemi-diagphragm and and peritoneal cavity
diaphragm important for homeostatic movement of splenic fluids
functions: cleans blood of RBCs, synthesizes Ig, clearance site for microorganisms, Ags, poorly organized bacteria
Liver: function
half the body’s lymph formed here
pressure sensitive organ: affected by muscular action of thoraco-abdominal diaphragm
“gate keeper” of hepato-bilitary-pancreativ venous and lymphatic region
ALSO clears bacteria
“components of system” overview
organized lymph tissue
vessels/ducts
lymph fluid
“organized lymph tissue” over view
spleen, liver, thymus, tonsils, appendix, visceral lymphoid tissue (gastrointestinal and pulmonary)
Thymus: function, location
superiorly in mediastinum, anteriorly, goes into neck region
largest around age 2, then replaced by fat
nonfunctional in adults
T lymphocyte development
Tonsils: function
palatine, lingual, and pharyngeal (adenoids)
provide cells to influence and build immunity early in life
nonessential to adult immune function
Appendix: location/function
located on the medial surface of the cecum
function largely unknown
Pulmonary and GI roles in lymphatics
Pulmonary aids filtration of toxins from lungs
GI has Payer’s patches, lacteals (lymphatic capillaries in each vili in small bowel)
FATs enter circulation via GI system lacteals
LN: what does ogdan say
most highly organized lymphoid tissue
dispersed along the course of the lymph vessels
primary purpose is for filtration of lymph
two types:
superficial and depp
400-450 nodes
Superficial and Deep LNs
S: follows subcutaneously with superficial veins
D: beneath fascia and muscles, follows deep veins
Superficial Nodes: where do they receive and where do they drainage
receive lymph from superficial and deep structures in Lower/upper extremities, as well as head/neck
Superficial nodes: cervical
head/superclavicular and upper extremity drains into jugular nodes
Superficial nodes: axillary
infraclavicular to umbilicus, drains to axillary nodes and then subclavian
Superficial nodes: inguinal
Caudal to umbilicus drain to inguinal nodes and then lumbar
Lymph channels/ducts
what do they “follow” and what don’t they perfuse?
follow veins (superficial and dee)
they dont perfuse: CNS epidermis endomysium of muscles/cartilages bone marrow selected portions of peripheral nerves
CNS
previously they thought it possessed no lymphatics, but new research has found they do
Structure
flow is one way
vessels have valves
vessels surrounded by major organs
drain into thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
Major nodes that can be assessed head/neck
Subparotid Facial Mandibular and submandibular submental suprahyoid anterior deep cervical (pretracheal/thyroid) occipital thoracic Virchow's
Major nodes of the superficial thoracic region
subclavian (apical axillary)
parasternal
subscapular (posterior axillary)
Pectoral( anterior axillary nodes)
Major nodes of the upper extremities
deltopectoral node axillary nodes (along axillary vein) cubital nodes