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Spanish Wine Scholar > Meseta: Extremadura > Flashcards

Meseta: Extremadura Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Via de la Plata?

A

The “Silver Way” was an ancient Roman trade route in western Spain. It was used to transfer goods & precious metals: gold from the mines of Las Medulas in El Bierzo, Castilla y Leon and copper from the Rio Tinto in Andaluica.
The route begins in the north and moves south:
* Astorga
* Salamanca
* Caceres
* Merida

The route has also been a traditional path for pilgrims trekking to Santiago de Compostela and is an alternative to the Camino Frances. It is the longest of these routes, beginning in Sevilla (Andalucia).

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2
Q

Who is Fray Juan Luis de Siruela?

A

He was the Prior of the Monastery of Guadalupe in Guadalupe, Caceres in 1520. He wrote “Book and Record of the Winery of the Monastery of Guadalupe,” which chronicled vine cultivation practices, grape varieties grown, wine production techniques & provided insight into the wine culture of 16th century Extremadura.
His treatise of 40 chapters includes “recipes” for white & red sweet wines, how to make barrels, and how wine should be consumed depending on its ultimate destination (convent, sacristy, hospital, etc.).

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3
Q

Where is Extremadura located?

A

This autonomous region is a vast expanse located in southwestern Spain.
Castilla y Leon lies to the north, Castilla-La Mancha to the east, Andalucia to the south, and Portugal to the west.
It is the 5th largest region and ranks 13th in population.

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4
Q

Name the provinces of Extremadura.

A
  1. Caceres: in the north
  2. Badajoz: in the south
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5
Q

What is the capital of Extremadura?

A

Merida

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6
Q

What is the climate in Extremadura?

A

Continental

  • 16-31in/400-800mm annual rainfall (more in mountainous northeast corner)
  • most precipitation in spring

Northern & inland parts:
* hot & dry summers
* cold winters
* drought is common

Southern:
* maritime influence from the Atlantic Ocean
* slightly more temperate
* influenced by the Azores High

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7
Q

What is the Azores High?

A

This phenomenon is an anticyclone and is a driving force for the weather patterns in southern Extremadura.
It hovers over the Atlantic Ocean just south of the Azores in winter but shifts northward to 35°N in summer, impacting the Iberian Peninsula & points east, typically bringing blue skies, dry air, & hot temperatures.

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8
Q

What is an anticyclone?

A

This phenomenon is a weather system with high atmospheric pressure at its center and calm rotating winds.
These winds move clockwise in the northern hemisphere & counter-clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

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9
Q

Which mountain ranges frame the Extremadura?

A
  • Sistema Central: to the north; a natural border w/ Castilla y Leon
  • Sistema Morena: to the south; separating it from Andalucia
  • Sierras Centrales Extremenas: runs parallel to the other 2 systems in the east-central area of this region
  • Sierra de Villuercas (a.k.a. Sierra de Guadalupe): westernmost extension of the Montes de Toledo; runs through the center of this region
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10
Q

Name the highest point in Extremadura.

A

Calviterio (7,887ft/2,404m) in the Sistema Central.

Situated on the border between Extremadura & Castilla y Leon.

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11
Q

Name the rivers of Extremadura.

A

Tajo River: flows westward through the Caceres province, along part of the Portuguese border, then continues west to empty into the Atlantic Ocean. It is fed by 2 primary tributaries:
* Tietar River
* Alagon River

Guadiana River: located in the Badajoz province; flows westward; augmented by a multitude of smaller tributaries on its way to the Atlantic

Guadalquivir River: a smaller river basin lies in the extreme south on the border with Andalucia

Duero River: lies in the north on the border w/ Castilla y Leon

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12
Q

What soil types are found in Extremadura?

A
  • In the east, near Montes de Toledo: granite, slate, & sand
  • near the Sierra Morena in the south: clay, w/ high limestone content
  • southern part, near the Guadiana River: mixture of sand & clay
  • westernmost part: limestone & sand
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13
Q

Where are many of the vineyards in Extremadura planted?

A
  • at high elevation: near the Montes de Toledo; and the Sierra Morena mountains (up to 2,785ft/849m_
  • w/in the Guadiana River basin (948ft/289ft)
  • in the southern half of the region
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14
Q

Which red variety dominates wine production in Extremadura?

A

Tempranillo is a regional favorite.

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15
Q

Which red varieties are grown in substantial quantities in Extremadura?

A
  • Tempranillo
  • Garnacha Tinta
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
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16
Q

Name the prominent white varieties of Extremadura.

A
  • Cayetana Blanca/Pardina
  • Alarije
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17
Q

What is the relationshipe between Cayetana Blanca and Pardina in Extremadura?

A

These 2 white varieties are grown throughout DO Ribera del Guadiana & VT Extremadura and are recognized as separate varieties and grown/vinified individually.

However, recent DNA analysis has proven that the 2 are one and the same.

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18
Q

Vino tinto dominates wine production in Extremadura. What are the white grapes used for?

A

Much of the vino blanco produced in this region is distilled and used in the production of spirits.

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19
Q

What vine training method is used in Extremadura?

A

en vaso

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20
Q

What styles of wine are produced in Extremadura?

A

Historically (and currently) this region was known for the production of bulk wine.

  • vinos blancos
  • rosados
  • tintos
  • espumoso
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21
Q

How many wineries in Extremadura are authorized to produce sparkling wine under DO Cava?

A

4

22
Q

Name the only DOP of Extremadura.

A

DO Ribera del Guadiana (1999)

23
Q

Where does DO Ribera del Guadiana get its name from?

A

This wine region is named for the river which weaves its way through the appellation. The name translates to “bank of the Guadiana.”

24
Q

Name the 6 sub-zones of DO Ribera del Guadiana.

A
  1. Canamero
  2. Montanchez
  3. Ribera Alta
  4. Ribera Baja
  5. Tierra de Barros
  6. Matanegra

NOT NTK

25
Q

Which sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana has the highest elevations?

A

Canamero (2,785ft/849m)

Therefore, this sub-zone has the lower summer temperatures than the others & receives the most rainfall.

26
Q

Where is the Canamero sub-zone located?

A

This sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana is situated in the heart of the Sierra de Villuercas Mountains in the northeastern part of Extremadura.

27
Q

What soil types are found in the Canamero sub-zone?

A
  • sand
  • slate
28
Q

Which variety dominates plantings in the Canamero sub-zone?

A

Alarije (75%)

29
Q

Which is the northernmost sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana?

A

Montanchez

Located in the north-central area of Extremadura, to the west of Canamero. Vines are planted in the western parts of the Sierra de Villuercas Mountains (2,093ft/638m).

30
Q

What soil types are found in Montanchez?

A

Granitic

31
Q

Which varieties are planted in Montanchez?

A

Principal varieties are white:
* Borba (66%)
* Alarije
* Cayetana Blanca

32
Q

Which sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana is known for its production of table grapes?

A

Ribera Alta

33
Q

Where is the Ribera Alta sub-zone located?

A

This sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana is in the east-central part of the DO w/in the Guadiana River basin (1,401ft/427m).

34
Q

What soil types are found in the Ribera Alta sub-zone?

A

Sandy & clay alluviums

35
Q

What are the principal varieties of the Ribera Alta sub-zone?

A

Red varieties:
* Tempranillo
* Garnacha Tinta

White varieties:
* Alarije
* Borba

36
Q

Which sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana has the lowest elevation?

A

Ribera Baja

37
Q

Where is the Ribera Baja sub-zone located?

A

This sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana is in the west-central part of the DO w/in the Guardiana River basin.
It is the only sub-zone to border Portugal.

38
Q

What soil types are found in the Ribera Baja sub-zone?

A
  • clay
  • alluvium
39
Q

Which grape varieteies are grown in the Ribera Baja sub-zone?

A

The majority of plantings are white:
* Cayetana Blanca
* Pardina

Red varieties:
* Tempranillo
* Garnacha Tinta

40
Q

Which of the DO Ribera del Guadiana sub-zones is home to 80% of the vineyards?

A

Tierra de Barros

41
Q

Where is Tierra de Barros located?

A

This sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana is located in the south.
Ribera Alta is situated to the north, Matanegra to the south, and Ribera Baja to the west.
Vineyards are largely planted on flat land (1,719ft/524m).

42
Q

What soil type is found in the Tierra de Barros sub-zone?

A

Clay

43
Q

Name the dominate varieties grown in the Tierra de Barros sub-zone.

A

Red varieties:
* Tempranillo
* Garnacha Tinta
* Cabernet Sauvignon

White varieties:
* Cayetana Blanca
* Pardina

44
Q

Which is the southernmost sub-zone of DO Ribera del Guadiana?

A

Matanegra

This sub-zone has less temperature extremes than the others.

45
Q

What soil type is found in Matanegra?

A

clay

46
Q

Name the dominant varieties planted in the Matanegra sub-zone.

A

Red varieties:
* Tempranillo
* Garnacha Tinta
* Cabernet Sauvignon

White varieties:
* Eva/Beba de los Santos
* Montua
* Pardina

47
Q

Name the only Vino de la Tierra in Extremadura.

A

VT Extremadura

NOT NTK

48
Q

What area does VT Extremadura cover?

A

Entire autonomous community of Extremadura.

NOT NTK

49
Q

What styles of wine are produced under VT Extremadura?

A
  • Tinto (54%)
  • Blanco (46%)
  • Rosado (<1%)
  • Other (<1%)

NOT NTK

50
Q

Name the white varieties authorized by VT Extremadura.

A
  • Alarije
  • Borba
  • Cayetana Blanca/Pardina
  • Viura/Macabeo
  • Chardonnay
  • Chelva/Montua
  • Eva/Beba de los Santos
  • Malvar
  • Parellada
  • Pedro Ximenez
  • Verdejo
51
Q

Name the red varieties authorized by VT Extremadura.

A
  • Bobal
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Garnacha Tinta
  • Graciano
  • Mazuela
  • Merlot
  • Monastrell
  • Tempranillo/Cencibel/Tinto Fino
  • Syrah

Spanish Wine Scholar (31 decks)

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