Glossary Flashcards
What is Abrigo?
Spanish for “wall”, these are walls that surround vines planted in hoyos (holes) & serve as windbreaks.
They are found in DO Lanzarote.
What is Albariza?
A water-retentive soil containing 30 to 80% chalk mixed w/ limestone, sand & clay; found in DOs Jerez-Xeres-Sherry, Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda, & Montilla-Moriles.
What is Albero?
- An absorbent sand used as flooring in sherry bodegas;
- Also, the locatl name used for Albariza soil in DO Montilla-Moriles
What is Aloque?
A semi-red wine unique to DO Valdepenas. It is produced by cofermenting red & white grapes.
What is Anada?
Spanish for “vintage;” a term used on sherry labels.
What is Anejo?
A designation w/in DO Carinena for intensely oxidized wines of at least 15% abv that spend a min. 24 months in barrel; Anejo is Spanish for “mature.”
What is Arenas?
Sand; a soil-type in DO Jerez-Xeres-Sherry or DO Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda.
What is Arrope?
A dark syrup obtained by heating grape must over a slow fire until it reduces to one-fifth its original volume.
This is added to Palomino grape must to create vinos de color (“color wine”) in the production of sherry.
What is an Anticyclone?
A weather system w/ high atmospheric pressure at its center & calm rotating winds.
What is the Azores High?
Also known as the Azores anticycline; an anticyclone that impacts the Iberian Peninsula & points east in summer, typically bringing blue skies, dry air, & hot temperatures.
What is Barros?
Clay; a soil type in DO Jerez-Xeres-Sherry or DO Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda.
What is Bodega?
Spanish for “winery”
What is Bota?
Spanish for “barrel”.
A term used in DOs Jerez-Xeres-Sherry & Manzanilla-Sanlucar de Barrameda.
What is Brisats?
Orange wines made in Cataluna; white wines vinified w/ skin contact resulting in an “orange” hue.
What is Cabeceo?
The process of blending dry & sweet sherries to produce cream sherry.
What is Calatayud Superior?
A designation w/in DO Calatayud for wines made from low-yielding vines of at least 50 years in age w/ a minimum of 85% Garnacha.
What is Call Vermell?
A reddish clay often mixed w/ limestone gravels or stones; found on the island of Mallorca.
What is Carbonic Maceration?
An enzymatic fermentation that takes place inside whole grape berries to deliver a wine that is light in tannin & explosive in aromatics.
What is Cava?
Spanish sparkling wine produced using the metodo tradicional (“tradional method”).
What is Cava de Paraje Calificado?
Spanish for “Qualified Single Estate Cava;” the highest quality designation w/in DO Cava;
Among other stipulations, hand-harvested grapes must hail from a single vinyard comprised of vines at least 10 years of age;
Wines must be aged for a minimum of 36 months on their lees, be vintage dated, & be finished as Brut, Brut Nature, or Extra Brut.
What is Cierzo?
A strong, dry, cooling north/northwesterly wind blowing through Rioja, Navarra, Aragon, & Cataluna in autumn & winter.
What is Clarete?
A winemaking process in which red & white grapes are crushed together & vinified as a red wine to deliver a light-red or semi-red wine.
What is Classic Penedes?
A cava designation w/in DO Penedes; among other stipulations, wines must be 100% organic & aged for a minimum of 15 months on their lees.
What is Colleiteiro?
A boutique winery w/ an annual production under 15,850gal/60,000 l utilizing estate-grown grapes in Ribeiro, Galicia.
What is Consejo Regulador?
Spanish for “Regulating Council;” refers to an administrative/legislative body that regulates viticulture & winemaking practices, sets quality controls including aging regimen, & provides proof of origin for each Spanish DOP.
What is Cordon trenzado?
A grape training method only found in the Canary Islands; vines are braided as they grow to form long ropes; this allows them to be moved so other food crops can be planted during the growing season.
What is Cosecha?
Spanish for “harvest” or “vintage;” also refers to a category of wine w/ no aging requirement.
What is Cosecheros?
Grape growers in Rioja who produce a red wine via a unique combination of carbonic maceration & wild yeast fermentation.
What is Costers?
Spanish for “banks” [of a river]; steep slopes.
What is Criaderas?
Spanish for “nurseries;” a term referring to a tier of butts w/in a solera that contain sherry of the same age.
What is Criaderas y Soleras?
- A vertical stacking of casks respresenting one type of sherry from many vintages;
- The bottom row of butts in a vertical stacking;
- A dynamic aging system that allows for the partial withdrawal of older wine from a butt & the replacement of the same w/ wine from younger vintages so as to assimilate the younger wine into the old;
- A fractional blending & again system.
What is Crianza?
An aging category; vinos tintos in this category must age for at least 24 months in total of which a minimum of 6 months must be spent in barrel;
Vinos blancos & rosados must age for at least 12 months in total of which a minimum of 6 months must be spent in barrel;
Some wine regions may modify/extend these requirements (e.g. DOCa Rioja, DO Ribera del Duero).
What is Denominacion de Origen (DO)?
Spanish for “Denomination of Origin;” refers to legally defined areas of grape/wine production; also seen as Denominacion de Origen Protegida (DOP) or “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO).
What is Denominacion de Origen Calificada DOCa?
Spanish for “Denomination of Qualified Origin;” refers to DOs that have attained the highest quality levels for at least 10 years.
What is Denominacio d’Origen Qualificada?
Catalan for “Denomination of Qualified Origin;” refers to DOs that have attained the highest quality levels for at least 10 years.
What is Destilado?
Spanish for “distilled;” also, a distilled wine used in sherry production typically made from Airen.
What is Doble pasta?
Spanish for “double pulp;” a unique & traditional method of vinifying grapes in DO Utiel-Requena & DO Manchuela; skins & pulp of Bobal vino rosado production are added to a fermenting Bobal must resulting in a “double-macerated,” highly-extracted, tannic vino tinto.
What is Embat?
A soft, humid sea breeze particular to the island of Mallorca; blows over land during the sunniest part of the day & tapers off when the sun goes down; imparts some saline notes to many of the wines produced on the island.
What is En cabeza?
A vine training system whereby the head of the vine is trained downward in order to allow the leaf canopy to protect the fruit growing underneath.
What is en rama?
Literally translates as “on the branch;” a term for biologically-aged sherries that are very lightly filtered to remove suspended particles but do not undergo further clarification or stabilization.
What is en vaso?
A vine training system whereby the trunk is head-pruned & kept short so that it resembles a small bush;
In French “gobelet;” vines so trained are also called “bush vines.”
What is espaldera?
A vine training system whereby the trunk is typically established 3 feet off the ground w/ 1 or 2 permanent arms (cordons) resting on a support wire; this allows for vertical shoot positioning on a trellis system.
What is Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja?
Spanish for “Quality Sparkling Wines of Rioja;”
An optional designation for producers w/in Rioja’s DO Cava zone of production & the only labeling option for sparkling producers outside of Rioja’s DO Cava area.
What is flor/velo de flor?
In sherry production, a term referring to a film of surface yeasts.
What is Foehn effect?
Warm, dry winds on the leeward side of a mountain caused by the condensation of water vapor (& the heat that generates) on the windward side.
What are Foudres?
Large wooden casks that hold 79.25 gallons/300 liters (or more) of wine.
What is Garnacha del Emporda?
Red wines produced in DO Emporda which have been aged for a minimum of 2 years & contain a minimum of 90% of Garnacha Tinta and/or Garnacha Peluda.
What is Generico?
Spanish for “generic;”
A DOCa Rioja category of wine w/ no minimum aging requirement;
Also, a zonal classification in DOCa Rioja in which a wine does not conform to a single zone, municipality, or vineyard.
What is Girasol?
1970s prototype of a mechanized riddling machine;
Precursor of the gyropalette.
What is Gran Anada?
A designation for Espumosos de Calidad de Rioja that indicates extended lees aging (min. 36 months) & vintage labeling.
What is Gran Reserva?
A traditional aging category; vinos tintos must age for a min. of 60 months in total of which a min. 18 months must be spent in barrel;
Vinos blancos & rosados must age for a min. of 48 months in total of which a min. of 6 months must be spent in barrel;
For DOCa Rioja, vinos tintos must age for a min. of 60 months in total, with min. 24 months spend in both barrel & bottle.
What is Gran Reserva Cava?
A cava that spends a min. of 30 months on its lees & is finished as Brut, Brut Nature, or Extra Brut.
What is Gran Vinya Classificada?
A single-vineyard classification in DOQ Priorat (similar to Grand Cru in Burgundy); supersedes the Vi de Finca designation.
What is hoyo?
Spanish for “hole;”
In DO Lanzarote, a funnel-shaped hole dug approx. 10ft/3m in diameter & 7-8ft/2-2.5m deep.