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Medical Conditions 2 > Mental health pharmacology > Flashcards

Mental health pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Serotonin:

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • function: affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
  • undersupply linked to depression
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2
Q

Dopamine

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • function: influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
  • oversupply linked to schizophrenia
  • undersupply linked to tremors and decreased mobility in parkinsons disease and ADHD
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3
Q

Acetylcholine

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • function: enables muscule action, learning, memory
  • ACh producing neurons deteriorate as alzhemiers disease progresses
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4
Q

Norepinephrine

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • Helps control alertness and arousal
  • undersupply can depress mood and cause ADHD-like attention problems
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5
Q

GABA

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • function: major inhibitory neurotransmitter
  • undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia
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6
Q

Glutamate

function and problems caused by imbalances

A
  • a major excitiroy neurotransmitter, involved in memory
  • oversupply can overstimulate the brain, producing migraines, or seizures; this is why some people avoid monosodium glutamate in foods
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7
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A
  • medical emergency
  • signs: catonia (no response), stupor (slow response), rigitidy, tremors
  • can lead to death
  • related to high dose of antipsychotics
  • also related to abrupt withdrawl of dopamine
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8
Q

EPS

extrapyramidal symptoms

A
  • akathisa: inability to remain still
  • dyskinesia/dystonia
  • pseudoparkinsomism
  • tardive dyskinesia
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9
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A
  • repetitive, involuntary movements
  • caused by supersensitivity of dopamine receptors rather than blockade
  • irreversible, related to total lifetime dose
  • tongue movements, lip smacking, grimacing
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10
Q

Nonmotor effects of medication

A
  • metabolic effects (wt gain, DM)
  • sedation
  • anticholinergic effects -increased HR, blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention
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11
Q

Lithium

1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: bipolar disorder
  2. adverse reactions: Li Toxicity with dehydration
  • GI upset,
  • tremor
  • weight gain
  • hypothroidism
  1. common examples: lithium
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12
Q

Antipsychotics

1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: schizophrenia
  2. adverse reactions: agent dependent, sedation, orthostasis, weight gain, QT prolongation, EPS
  3. common examples: haldol, seroquel, clozapine, abilify
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13
Q

SSRIs

1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: anxiety, depression
  2. adverse reactions: anxiety, irritability, sedation, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome
  3. common examples: prozac, paxil, zoloft
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14
Q

SNRIs

1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: depression, fibromyalgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain
  2. adverse reactions: anticholinergic side effects
  3. common examples: Cymbalta
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15
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants
1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: insomnia, neurapathic pain, fibromyalgia, depression limited
  2. adverse reactions: sedation, anticholinergic, weight gain, sexual dysfunction, lethal in OD caused by cardiovascular effects- hypotension, seizures, arrhythmias
  3. common examples: Elavil
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16
Q

Benzodiazepines

1. indications
2. adverse reactions
3. common examples

A
  1. indications: anxiety/insomnia
  2. adverse reactions: hangover effect, drowsiness, sedation, confusion, decreased concetration and recall, tolerance and dependence risk of toxicity in OD
  3. common examples: ativan, Xanax, Klonopin
17
Q

Adverse effects of mental health medications

increased serotinin levels

A
  • monitor dehydration because ADH is affected
  • headache
  • confusion
  • loss of appetite
  • muscle cramps
18
Q

Adverse effects of mental health medications

Extrapyramidal effects

A
  • dystonias
  • sustained abnormal movemens
  • restlessness, anxiety, akathisia (pacing), parkinson-like symptoms
  • long term use can cause permanent choreoathetiod movements of face, jaw, tongue and extremities
19
Q

Adverse effects of mental health medications

Anticholinergic effects

A
  • increase heart rate
  • dry mouth, constipation
  • blurred vision
  • urinary retention
20
Q

Adverse effects of mental health medications

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

signs and symptoms

A
  • medical emergence
  • catatonia
  • stupor
  • rigidity
  • tremor
  • fever
21
Q

Lithium

  • indications:
  • side effects:
A
  • indications: bipolar disorder
  • side effects: GI upset, tremor, weight gain, hypothyroidism
22
Q

lithium toxicity

  • CNS signs
  • GI:
  • ECG changes
  • renal
A
  • CNS signs: tremor, fatigue, weakness, ataxia, confusion, seizures, coma
  • GI: nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain vomiting, diarrhea
  • ECG changes: sycope, bradycardia, arrhythmias
  • renal: polydipsia, polyuria/renal insufficiency
23
Q

Typical anti-psychotis

  • action:
  • indications
  • implications for PT:
A
  • action: dopamine recepotr blockade, no effect on 5 HT, serotonin, treat postive symptoms
  • indications: schizophrenia
  • implications for PT: aware of SE, EPS
24
Q

Typical anti-psychotics

side effects

A
  • metabolic
  • anticholinergic SE
  • EPS: more common with higher potency agents
  • QT prolongation, hyperprolactinemia
  • wt gain, sedation sexual dysfunction

Medical Conditions 2 (22 decks)

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