Mental health Flashcards
Generalized anxiety disorder
- GAD
- persistent feeling of anxiety or dread that can interfere with daily life
- restlessness, easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating
Panic disorder
- frequent and unexpected attacks
- usually some type of trigger
- can develop aversion to what triggered it
Social anxiety disorder
fear of being watched or judged by others
Phobias:
- intense fear or aversion to specific objects or situation
Agoraphobia
- 2 or more needed
- public transport
- confined spaces
- open spaces
- standing in line or crowd
- being outside of home alone
separation anxiety
- fear of being away from people they are close to
- can be problematic with kids
selective mutism
- fail to speak in specific social situations despite normal language skills
Anxiety disorder risk factors
- genetic
- environment
- idopathic
Anxiety disorders treatment
- psychotherapy
- medications
Psychotherapy as a treatment for anxiety disorders
- typically talking/working with a therapist
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- acceptance and commitment therapy: give your brain another way of interpreting things
- support groups
Medications for anxiety disorders
- antidepressants: prozac, Paxil, lexapro, Zoloft
- anti-anxiety: SSRIs, benzodiazepines, buspirone
- beta blockers
PT considerations with anxiety disorders
- side effect of the medications
- be aware of possible triggers
- discuss strategies for coping with patient
Autism spectrum disorder: overview
- neurological and developmental disorder
- affects how people interact with others communicate, learn, and behave
Autism spectrum disorder: signs and symptoms
- Little or inconsistent eye contact
- lack of interest or sharing (flat responses)
- no response or slow response to ones name or attempts to get attention
- fascial expressions may not match emotions or situation
- socially awkwardness
- repetitive behaviors
- strengths-auditory learning, remembering details, excelling in an area, math, science, muscic or art
Autism spectrum disorder: diagnosis
- children- developmental screening during wellness visits
- more thorough screening: neurological, cognitive abilities, language abilities, age, appropriate skills
- blood tests, hearing tests
Autism spectrum disorder: treatment
- based on specific needs
- medications
- behavioral psychology and educational interventions
PT considerations with Autism spectrum disorder:
- be cognizant of possible communication and behavioral concerns
- may see in early intervention pediatric clinics for specific strategies related to learning
Borderline personality disorder
severely impacts ability to manage emotions
Borderline personality disorder: risk factors
- genetic
- environmental
- social factors
Borderline personality disorder: signs and symptoms
- intense mood swings
- impulsivity
- distorted self-image
- unstable relationships
- self-harming or suicidal behaviors or threats
Borderline personality disorder: diagnosis
- usually late adolescence or early adulthood
- psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker
Borderline personality disorder: treatment
- psychotherapy: dialectical behavioral therapy (talk more specifically about what is going on) or cognitive behavioral therapy
- Medications
Borderline personality disorder: PT considerations
- watch for signs or self-harm or talk of suicide or hurting others
- may ask about CBT or DBT strategies
Post Traumatic Stress disorder
- may develop after experiencing a shocking, scary or dangerous event usually within 3 months following an event
- can happen at any age
- 6/100 people experience this at some point
- Women>men
- may recover in 6 months to a year or longer
- may not realize what caused it at first
Post Traumatic Stress disorder: diagnosis
all of the following for at least one month
- 1 re-experiencing symptom
- 1 avoidance symptom
- 2 arousal and reactivity symptoms
- 2 cognition and mood symptoms (focusing thinking etc)
Post Traumatic Stress disorder signs and symptoms
Childrenunder 6 and then teens
Children younger than 6
- bed wetting
- forgetting how to talk
- acting scary
- unusually clingy
teenagers
- disruptive
- disrespectful
- destructive
- feelings of guilt
- thoughs of revenge
Post Traumatic Stress disorder: treatment
- psychotherapy: exposure therapy, cognition restructuring
- medications: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antidepressants
- support groups: work really well if they are willing to talk
Post Traumatic Stress disorder: PT considerations
- be ware of effects of medications, with for changes in behaviors and listen for expressions of self-harm, suicide or threats to others
Depression
- can affect all ages, races, ethnicities, and genders
- more common in women, LGBTQIA community, elderly, after life changing event or trauma
Diagnosis of depression
- symptoms lasting at least 2 weeks that interfere with daily activities sleeping, eating, working
Persistent depressive disorders
- less severe symptoms - longer duration (at least 2 years
Perinatal depression
- occurs during or after pregnancy
seasonal affective disorder
- comes and goes with seasons/time change
depression with symptoms of psychosis
- severe form of depression with delusions (disturbing, false beliefs) or hallucinations (hearing or seeing things other do not)
depression symptoms
- sad
- anxious
- empty
- hopelessness
- loss of interest or withdrawal
- restlessness or irritability
- difficulty sleeping or oversleeping
- change in appetite or unplanned weight
- physical aches, pains
- thought of death or suicide
Depression treatment
- psychotherapy
- brain stimulation
- medications: antidepressants (do not stop taking without talking to healthcare provider)
- support groups
PT considerations for depression
- exercise helps
- watch for reaction to medications
- self harming
- suicide threats or threats to others
Bipolar disorder
- characterized bye unusually shifts in a person’s mood, energy level
- activity level and concentration
- often diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood
Types of bipolar disorder
- bipolar 1 disorder
- bipolar 2 disorder
- cyclothymic disorder
Bipolar 1 disorder
- manic episodes last 7 days
- may be severe requiring immediate hospitalization
- depressive episodes 2 week s
Bipolar 2 disorder
- pattern of depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes
Cyclothymic disorder
- recurring hypomanic and depressive symptoms
- not as intense or do not last long enough to fit other categories
Symptoms of bipolar disorder
- manic
- depressive episodes
Manic episodes with bipolar
- felling very up, high, elated or extremely irritable or touchy,
- decreased need for sleep, talking fast, racing thoughts, feeling able t do many things without getting tired,
- excessive appetite for food, drinking, sec or other
- feeling unusually important talented or powerful
Depressive episodes with bipolar
- feeling down, sad, or anxious
- trouble falling asleep or waking up too early
- sleeping too much
- talking very slowly
- difficulty finding things to say or forgetfulness
- trouble concentrating or making decisions
- lack of interest feeling hopeless, worthless, thought of death or suicide
Diagnosis of bipolar disorder
- history
- rule out other possible causes
- brain structure
- genetics may play a role
Bipolar disorders treatment
- Medications:
- mood stabilizers: lithium, valproate, depakote
- antipsychotics: risperidone, diazepine, aripirazole
- antidepressants: prozac, Paxil, lexpro, Zoloft
- Psychotherapy:
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
- family-focused therapy
- brain stimulation
PT considerations: Bipolar disorders
- Medication side effects
- recognizing changes
- watching for signs of depression, suicide
Schizophrenia
- effects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves
- usually diagnosed between ages of 16 and 30
Risk factors: schizophrenia
- genetics
- environment
- brain structure
- function
Schizophrenia: Symptoms
- psychotic symptoms: hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, movement disorder
- negative symptoms: trouble planning activities, avoiding social interaction or awkward social interaction
- cognitive symptoms: problems in attention, concentration and memory
Schizophrenia; treatment
- psychotherapy: CBT
- education and support
- coordinated specialty care program
- assertive community treatment
- medications: antipsychotic medications: clozapine, aldol
PT considerations for schizophrenia
- medication side effects
- recognizing changes
- watch for signs of depression, suicidee
Eating disorders
- not a lifestyle choice
- can frequently appear in teen or young adult years
- genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological and social links
Anorexia nervosa
- severely restrict food
- altered sense of self-image
Restrictive Anorexia nervosa
- limit amount and type of food
Binge-purge Anorexia nervosa
- eat large quantities then purge or use laxatives or diuretics
Anorexia nervosa symptoms
- emaciation
- fear of gaining weight
- deny seriousness of low body weight
- skin and hair changes
- bone loss
- low BP
- slow pulse
- cold all the time
- slow breathing
- brain damage
- lethargy
- infertility
- multiorgan failure
Bulimia Nervosa
eating unusually large amounts of food and have lack or control over eating
- compensate by vomiting
- use of laxatives, diuretics, fasting, excessive exercise
Bulimia Nervosa symptoms
- slightly underweight
- chronic sore throat
- swollen salivary glands
- worn tooth enamel
- tooth decay
- acid reflux or GI problems
- dehydration
- electrolyte imbalance
Binge-eating disorder
- what is it and symptoms
- overeat, but don’t compensate
- symptoms: overweight, eat after full, eat alone or in secret, distressed or ashamed about eating, frequently dieting without weight loss
Avoidant restrictive food intake
- limit the amount or type of food eaten
- normal body image
- occurs in middle childhood
- will not eat enough calories to grow and develop properly
Symptoms of Avoidant restrictive food intake
- restricted food calories
- lack of appetite
- dramatic weight loss
- upset stomach or abdominal pain
- other GI issues with no other explanation
Eating disorder treatments
- individual, group, and or family psychotherapy
- medical care and monitoring
- nutritional counseling
- psychotherapy: CBT
- medications: antidepressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers
PT considerations for eating disorders
- education about healthy lifestyle, monitor vitals, track weight
- watch for signs of depression and suicide
- know side effects of meds
Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- inattention: difficulty staying in task or focused, difficulty staying organized
- hyperactivity: restlessness, tapping, talking, fidgeting
- impulsivity: act without thinking
Diagnosis ADHD
- onset early as 3-6 usually identified during elementary school years
- genetics play a role more common in males
ADHD: Treatment
- Medications: stimulants to increase brain dopamine and norepinephrine, non-stimulants such as antidepressants
- psychotherapy: CGT, counseling for parents family , classroom behavioral therapy, stress management techniques
PT considerations ADHD
- monitor response to medication
- structured activities
- closer monitoring when needed
Obsessive compulsive disorder
- person experiences uncontrolled (obsessions) and recurring thoughts engages in repetitive behaviors (compulsions) or both
Risk factors for OCD
- genetics
- biology
- temperament
- childhood trauma
Symptoms of OCD
- obsessions of compulsions that can’t be controlled
- may spend more than 1 hour a day on their obsessions and compulsions
- associated with anxiety
OCD treatment
- psychotherapy CBT
- exposure and response preventions therapy
- deep brain stimulation
- medications: antidepressants that target serotonin –selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
Overall considerations for PT
- listen without judgement
- PLISSIT (permission, limited information, specific suggestions, intensive, therapy)
- screening tool if suspect depression
- assess risk of suicide or harm refer if needed
- encourage appropriate professional help
- encourage self help and other support strategies
- stay healthy yourself
Suicide warning signs
- negative self view
- hopelessness
- isolation
- aggressiveness/irritability
- possessing lethal means
- feeling like a burden to others
- drastic mood and behavior
- frequently talking about death
- self harm
- engaging risking behaviors
- funeral arrangements
- giving away things
- substance abuse
- making suicide threats
what to do when someone appears to be in need of immediate assistance
- call 988 suicide crisis lifeline
