Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Conditions 2 > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are signs and symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • systemic symptoms: fever, chills, malaise, nausea and vomiting
  • 102º rule, divides conditions into two groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what can a fever > 104 cause

A

delirium or seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

acute infection fever

A
  • lasts 7-10 days and goes up and down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

sepsis and ongoing infections - Fever

A

> 10 days and up to 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

intermittent fever

A

temperature goes to normal within 24 hours (may come back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Remittent Fever

A

fluctuates but not back to normal (normal with viral infections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sustained or continuous Fever

A

remains above normal within minimal variations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recurrent or relapsing fever

A

fever for a few days and then goes away but then comes back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

integumentary symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • Purulent drainage from abscess, open wound or - skin lesion
  • Skin rash, red streaks
  • Bleeding from gums or into joint: Joint effusion or erythema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cardio symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • Petechial lesions
  • Tachycardia (see aneurysm and thrombophlebitis)
  • Hypotension
  • Changes in pulse rate (may increase of decrease)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CNS symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • Altered level of consciousness, confusion, seizures
  • Headache
  • Photophobia
  • Memory loss
  • Stiff neck, myalgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

GI symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GU symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • Dysuria or flank pain
  • Hematuria
  • Oliguria
  • urgency , frequency to use the bathroom
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Upper respiratory tract symptoms of infectious disease

A
  • tachypnea/dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Hoarseness
  • Sore throat
  • Nasal drainage
  • Sputum production
  • Oxygen desaturations
  • Decreased exercise tolerance
  • Prolonged ventilatory support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are older adults more susceptible to infections

A
  • Changes in cell-mediated or t-cell and b-cell function
  • Experience increased morbidity and mortality
  • Need for additional vaccines and boosters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Infection defintion

A

an organism establishes a parasitic relationship with host (begins with transmission of an infectious organism)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three outcomes of an infection

A
  1. Contaminate the body surface and be destroyed by first line of defense
  2. A subclinical infection may occur causing immune response of the host
  3. A clinically apparent infection - one or more clinical symptoms, infectious disease
    More involve
    The early it is caught the easier to resolve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Colonization

A

pathogen presented in host but host is asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Incubation period

A

time between pathogen entering host and appearance of clinical symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Latent infection:

A

after microorganism has replicated but remains inactive in host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Period of communicability:

A

this time period when an organism can be shed and infect others through direct or indirect contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Types of organism

A
  • virus
  • mycoplasmas
  • bacteria
  • Rickettsiae
  • chlamydiae
  • Protozoa
  • fungi
  • prions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mycoplasmas

A

are unusual, self-replicating bacteria that have no cell wall components and very small genomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rickettsiae:

A

primarily pathogens transmitted through a bite (mosquitoes and tics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Chlamydiae:
require host cells for replication contain DNA and RNA - susceptible to antibiotics
26
Protoza:
a single cell or group of non differential cells loosely held together and not forming tissues
27
Fungi:
are unicellular to filamentous organisms possessing hyphae (filamentous outgrowths) surrounded by cell walls and containing nuclei
28
Prions:
proteinaceous, infectious particles consisting of proteins but without nucleic acids - transmitted from animal to humans
29
HAI
- Healthcare acquired infection aka nosocomial infections are infections acquired during hospitalization - Joint infections - Don't have it going in but you get it going out
30
Reservoir
an environment in which an organism can live and multiply
31
The portal of exit:
place where parasites leaves reservoir (secretions, fluids, excretions)
32
Mode of transmission: routes
- Contact (direct or indirect) - Airborne - Droplet - vehicle/vector borne
33
Portal of entry - examples
ingestion, inhalation, bites, or through contact with mucous membranes, percutaneously or transplacentally
34
What are the 3 lines of defense for the host
- external - inflammatory process - immune response
35
Principle pathogens:
regularly cause disease in people with apparently intact defense systems
36
Opportunist pathogens:
do not cause disease in people with intact host defense systems but can clearly cause devastating disease in many hospitalized and immunocompromised clients Can still impact the host in an intact immune system
37
Pathogenicity:
the ability of the organism to induce disease, depends on the organism's speed of reproduction in the host, the extent of damage it causes to tissues, and the strength of an toxin released by the pathogen
38
Virulence:
refers to the potency of the pathogen in producing severe disease and is measured by the case fatality rate
39
Ways to control transmission of infectious diseases
- The use of barrier an desolation - Comprehensive immunizations including the required immunization of travelers to or emigrants from endemic areas - Drug prophylaxis - Improved nutrition, living conditions and sanitation - Correction of environmental factors - Handwashing - Social distancing
40
Transmission based precautions and prevention guidelines
- Standard precautions: Personal protective equipment, Gloves, Face protection, Gowns, Cleaning equipment - Airborne precautions - Droplet precautions - Contact precautions
41
Specific time frames for return to work
- depend on Based on incubation period, how it is transmitted, symptoms etc. - Clinical tests play into as well
42
Gram negative infections
- bacterial infection - enterobacteriaceae: kebsiella, e-coli, proteus, serratia, yersinia - All gram negative (this is what they test for to see if you have these bacteria- response to staining
43
Clostridioides what is it?
change in protective flora of the enteric system - cuts down on good bacteria
44
Clostridioides clinical manifestations
abdominal tenderness, cramping, diarrhea - symptoms with 24 hours and loose bowl can cause dehydration
45
Clostridioides treatment
- stop taking antibiotics - take flagyl, vancomycin, fidaxomocin, taken with probiotics ( these are higher. levels antibiotics)
46
Staphylococcal infections general
- bacteria are Among the most common bacterial pathogens normally residing on the skin - Staphylococcal bacterial are the leading cause of nosomial and community acquired infections accounting for about 13% of all hospital infections each year if they penetrate skin
47
Staphylococcal s-aureus strain a) what is it and how is it spread? b) risk factors? c) common infection sites? d) how does it start?
- most common strain that causes problems - spread by direct contact but needs a skin breech - risk factors: surgical or burn cases, diabetes, neutropenic, chronic diseases, prosthetics, HIV - bones, joints, kidney, lungs and heart valves are the most common sites - suppuration (bubbles) and abscess formation - if caught early prognosis is good
48
Streptococcal infections: streptococcus pyogenes range of diseases it causes
- skin infection to acute self-limited pharyngitis to post infectious syndrome of rheumatic fever and post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
49
Streptococcal infections: Group A Streptococci (GAS) - transmission
- is typical transmitted via contact with respiratory droplets
50
two categories of GAS Streptococcal infections:
- suppurative - nonsuppurative
51
Suppurative Streptococcal infections:
- strep throat, scarlet fever, impetico, necrotizing fascista, streptococcal cellulitis, streptococcal myositis, puerperal sepsis, toxic shock syndrome
52
nonsuppurative Streptococcal infections:
- rheumatic fever, - acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
53
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) clinical manifestations
- sore throat, - fever, - rash/ palatal petechiae, - tonsillar enlargement, - tender cervical lymph nodes
54
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat): diagnosis
- physical exam, throat culture and lab testing
55
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat): treatment/complications
- antibiotics - complications: post streptococcal sequelae, acute rheumatic fever or acute arthritis
56
Streptococcal infections: Scarlet fever - general
- usually follows untreated strep throat but may also occur after wound infection s - common in children 2-10 acquired by inhalation or direct contact to oral secretions
57
Streptococcal infections: Scarlet fever: scarlet fever - clinical manifestations
rash first appears on upper chest and then to extremities - Spares the soles and palms - strawberry tongue - sore throat - fever
58
Streptococcal infections: Scarlet fever - diagnosis
- presentation
59
Streptococcal infections: Scarlet fever - treatment
- antibiotics
60
Streptococcal infections: impetigo - general
- principally caused by GAS - most commonly in children aged 2-5 especially in hot and humid weather
61
Streptococcal infections: impetigo clinical manifestations
- most common on face, red itchy sores - clear or fluid pus crusty
62
Streptococcal infections: impetigo diagnosis
- observation
63
Streptococcal infections: impetigo treatment
- antibiotics
64
Streptococcal infections: impetigo complications
- can lead to lymphadenitis (causes streaking due to overloading the lymphatic system) or cellulitis
65
Streptococcal cellulitis and lymphangitis - clinical manifestations
- redness - shiny - swollen - bullae - fever - pain
66
Streptococcal cellulitis and lymphangitis diagnosis
- observation
67
Streptococcal cellulitis and lymphangitis - treatment
- antibiotics
68
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) where does it mainly occur
- females - vaginal - pharynx - mucosa - skin
69
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) symptoms
- initial 24-48 hours influenza like - pain - necrotizing fasciitis - systemic signs: tachypnea, hypotension, delirium, organ failure - bright red on hand sand feet
70
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) treatmetn
- IV antibiotics surgical debridement
71
Streptococcal infections: necrotizing fasciitis clinical manifestions
- tenderness - pain - fever - edema - progresses rapidly along fascial plane, - skin darkens
72
Streptococcal infections: necrotizing fasciitis diagnosis
- difficult pain disproportionate to appearance initially - deep pain - imaging and blood testing
73
Streptococcal infections: necrotizing fasciitis treatment
- surgery, broad spectrum antibiotics
74
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal myositis- clinical manifestations
- severe pain and inflammation in affected muscle with few abnormalities of overlying skin
75
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal myositis- diagnosis
- at time of surgery and biopsy
76
Streptococcal infections: Streptococcal myositis- treatmetn
- surgery, broad spectrum antibiotics
77
Streptococcal infections: Puerperal sepsis- clinical manifestations
- following abortion or delivery - fever abdominal pain - hypotension - TSS
78
Streptococcal infections: Puerperal sepsis- diagnosis
- observation - surgery
79
Streptococcal infections: Puerperal sepsis- treatment
- surgery - broad spectrum antibiotics
80
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci:
- part of normal vaginal flora found in 40% of pregnant women - 50% of newborns are colonized - 1% of babies colonized develop infections - bacteremia, meningitis, pneumonia, hypotension - acquired as they pass through birth canal
81
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: S. agalactiae treatment
- antibiotics - in adults: most common in skin, soft tissue infections, primer bacteremia and pneumonia - UTI, upper respiratory, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and meningitis - higher rate of mortality in compromised adults
82
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: Pneumonia and others caused by S. Pneumoniae - clinical manifestations
- acute onset of fever, chills, pleuritic with pleuritic chest pain, and dyspnea with productive cough or purulent sputum that may be blood tinged - progresses radpily over 24-48 hours and the mortality rate is hight without treatment
83
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: Pneumonia and others caused by S. Pneumoniae - diagnosis
- lab examination of fluids
84
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: Pneumonia and others caused by S. Pneumoniae - treatmetn
antibiotics and immunizations
85
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: clostridial myonecrosis (GAS Gangrene)
the death of body tissue usually associated with loss of vascular supply followed by bacterial invasion and putrefaction
86
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: clostridial myonecrosis (GAS Gangrene) - clinical manifestations
- sudden sever pain, ischemia, tender edematous - skin darkens - discharge initially - cellulitis - myositis
87
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: clostridial myonecrosis (GAS Gangrene)- diagnosis
- radiographs, CT, MRI, culture, biopsy
88
Streptococcal infections group B streptococci: clostridial myonecrosis (GAS Gangrene) - treatment/complications
- surgical debridement and antibiotics and psychological support - complications: tachycardia, hemolytic anemia, septic shock, liver necrosis, renal failure

Medical Conditions 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions