Antimicrobials Flashcards
What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?
- bactericidial = kills bacteria
- bacteriostatic = keeps the infection down so that is unable to reproduce and then it dies off
What are postantibiotic effects
- what can happen when antibiotic levels drop in the blood
Antibiotic resistance
- mechanism: overuse/misuse allows our body or the bacteria to not be as responsive
- MRSA: meticillian resistance strain of staphylococcus aureus
MRSA treatment
- doxycycline, bactrim or vanco (IV)
What are broad spectrum antibiotics used to treat and what are some examples
- coverage against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
- flurorquinolones, beta-lactams. tetracyclines
Which antiibiotic is a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate
- augmentin which is not usually used first
- stronger antibiotic
What common GI disorder is caused by use of broad spectrum antibiotics?
- C.Diff
- watery stool, diarrhea
- treatment with metronidazole or vanco (strong antibiotic)
Which antibiotic is associated with tendonitis or rupture
- fluoroquinolones
What are some antibiotic classifications gram +
- Penicillins (gram +)
- cephalosporins (gram +)
- macrolides (gram+)
What are some antibiotic classifications: gram -
- amoxicillin (some gram -)
- aminoglycosides - (gram -)
- combinations (augmentin = gram -)
What are some antibiotic classifications broad spec
- fluoroquinolones (broad spectrum)
- beta-lactams (broad spectrum)
- tetracyclines (broad spectrum)
what does teratogenic mean
causes damage to a fetus
PT relevance to antibiotics
- antibacterial selection
- education about antibiotic resistance
- looking for adverse reactions/ C. diff
- taking meds as directed
Antiviral agents: how do they work
- block viral attachment and entry
- block nucleic acid uncoating
- prevent synthesis of viral RNA/DNA
- prevent protein synthesis
- Prevent viral packaging and assmebly
- block viral release
- what does a surface antibody test mean
- what does a surface antigen test mean
- test used to find antibody = exposed before
- current infection where antigen was detected
Influenza antiviral
- tamiflu
- must be taken within so many days of symptoms before the viral load it too much
HIV antivirals - generally how are they taken
- variety that attack the virus in differnet stages
- treat early/often
- Herpes antivirals
- varies
- acyclovir
Hepatitis - types
- HCV - can be cured with now antivirals
- HBV - vaccine
- HBA - runs its course (comes from food, water etc)
COVID-19: antivirals
- non- hospitalized patients = paxlovid, remdesivir, monoclonal antibodies
- hospitalized patients = varies on stage of infection
PT relevance to antivirals
- look for nausea, vomitin
arthralgia/myalgias
Antifungal and Antiparasistc agents
- difficult to treat
- fluconozole
- relevnance to pT: ADR’s anemia, brusing, decreased exercise tolerance, interactions with other drugs
- some resistance
- antiparastic: metronidazol (few antibiotics that treat parasite)
