Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
What are the four main phases of the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, Ovulation, Luteal phase.
True or False: The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days.
True.
What phase occurs first in the menstrual cycle?
Menstrual phase.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining.
Menstrual.
During which phase does ovulation occur?
Ovulation phase.
What hormone primarily regulates the follicular phase?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Multiple Choice: Which hormone surges to trigger ovulation? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Luteinizing hormone D) FSH
C) Luteinizing hormone.
How long does the luteal phase typically last?
About 14 days.
True or False: The follicular phase begins after ovulation.
False.
What happens to hormone levels if fertilization does not occur during the luteal phase?
Hormone levels drop, leading to menstruation.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is marked by the development of follicles in the ovaries.
Follicular.
What is the primary function of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle?
To promote the thickening of the uterine lining.
Multiple Choice: Which phase is characterized by a peak in oestrogen levels? A) Menstrual B) Follicular C) Ovulation D) Luteal
C) Ovulation.
During which phase does the corpus luteum form?
Luteal phase.
True or False: The menstrual cycle can be influenced by stress and lifestyle factors.
True.
What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?
To prepare the uterine lining for potential implantation.
Fill in the blank: The average menstrual cycle length can range from __________ to __________ days.
21 to 35.
What triggers the start of the menstrual phase?
The drop in progesterone levels.
Multiple Choice: Which phase is associated with the highest levels of progesterone? A) Menstrual B) Follicular C) Ovulation D) Luteal
D) Luteal.
What occurs during the ovulation phase?
An egg is released from a mature follicle.
True or False: All women have the same length menstrual cycle.
False.
What is the main sign of ovulation?
Change in cervical mucus and a slight increase in basal body temperature.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase follows the menstrual phase and prepares the body for ovulation.
Follicular.
What happens to the follicles that do not mature during the follicular phase?
They undergo atresia (degeneration).
What hormone is responsible for thickening the uterine lining during the follicular phase?
Estrogen.
True or False: The luteal phase is critical for establishing pregnancy.
True.
What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?
It continues to produce progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
What is the duration of the menstrual phase?
3-7 days
What hormones are involved in the menstrual phase?
Estrogen and progesterone
What does LMP stand for and what is its purpose?
Last Menstrual Period, used to assess estimated Date of Birth
What happens to the fertilized ovum after ovulation?
Moves to the uterus and attaches to the endometrium
What hormone is produced if the ovum is fertilized?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)
What is the role of HCG in the menstrual cycle?
Maintains the corpus luteum and production of progesterone
What initiates the follicular phase?
Pituitary gland produces hormones
What occurs during the follicular phase?
Development of several follicles and secretion of estrogen
What effect does estrogen have during the follicular phase?
Thickens the endometrium for the fertilized ovum
What regulates the ovulatory phase?
Pituitary gland and hypothalamus release hormones
What is the function of the hormones released during the ovulatory phase?
Causes maturation of the follicle
What occurs in the luteal phase after the ovum is released?
The follicle develops into the corpus luteum
What does the corpus luteum do?
Causes thickening of the endometrium to support embryonic development
What happens if fertilization does not occur in the luteal phase?
Corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone and estrogen
What is the result of decreased progesterone and estrogen?
Leads to shedding of the endometrium
What is PMS associated with?
The luteal phase and the transition to the next menstrual cycle
Fill in the blank: The fertilized ovum attaches to the _______ after ovulation.
endometrium
What order do the phases of the menstrual cycle happen?
Menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase
What hormones are high during ovulation?
Oestrogen.
LH - peaks around day 13, stimulating ovulation.
What hormones are high during literal phase?
Oestrogen
Progesterone - secreted from CL.
What hormones are high during follicular phase?
FSH - stimulates development of follicles.
Oestrogen
Progesterone - remains stable but peaks at day 12.
What hormones are high during menstruation?
Progesterone - ceases thickening of endometrium in preparation for fertilised egg.
Prostaglandins - causing cramps.
