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1st Year A&P > Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual phase, Follicular phase, Ovulation, Luteal phase.

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2
Q

True or False: The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days.

A

True.

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3
Q

What phase occurs first in the menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual phase.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining.

A

Menstrual.

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5
Q

During which phase does ovulation occur?

A

Ovulation phase.

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6
Q

What hormone primarily regulates the follicular phase?

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which hormone surges to trigger ovulation? A) Estrogen B) Progesterone C) Luteinizing hormone D) FSH

A

C) Luteinizing hormone.

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8
Q

How long does the luteal phase typically last?

A

About 14 days.

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9
Q

True or False: The follicular phase begins after ovulation.

A

False.

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10
Q

What happens to hormone levels if fertilization does not occur during the luteal phase?

A

Hormone levels drop, leading to menstruation.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is marked by the development of follicles in the ovaries.

A

Follicular.

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12
Q

What is the primary function of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle?

A

To promote the thickening of the uterine lining.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which phase is characterized by a peak in oestrogen levels? A) Menstrual B) Follicular C) Ovulation D) Luteal

A

C) Ovulation.

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14
Q

During which phase does the corpus luteum form?

A

Luteal phase.

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15
Q

True or False: The menstrual cycle can be influenced by stress and lifestyle factors.

A

True.

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16
Q

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

A

To prepare the uterine lining for potential implantation.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The average menstrual cycle length can range from __________ to __________ days.

A

21 to 35.

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18
Q

What triggers the start of the menstrual phase?

A

The drop in progesterone levels.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which phase is associated with the highest levels of progesterone? A) Menstrual B) Follicular C) Ovulation D) Luteal

A

D) Luteal.

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20
Q

What occurs during the ovulation phase?

A

An egg is released from a mature follicle.

21
Q

True or False: All women have the same length menstrual cycle.

A

False.

22
Q

What is the main sign of ovulation?

A

Change in cervical mucus and a slight increase in basal body temperature.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ phase follows the menstrual phase and prepares the body for ovulation.

A

Follicular.

24
Q

What happens to the follicles that do not mature during the follicular phase?

A

They undergo atresia (degeneration).

25
Q

What hormone is responsible for thickening the uterine lining during the follicular phase?

A

Estrogen.

26
Q

True or False: The luteal phase is critical for establishing pregnancy.

A

True.

27
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

A

It continues to produce progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.

28
Q

What is the duration of the menstrual phase?

A

3-7 days

29
Q

What hormones are involved in the menstrual phase?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

30
Q

What does LMP stand for and what is its purpose?

A

Last Menstrual Period, used to assess estimated Date of Birth

31
Q

What happens to the fertilized ovum after ovulation?

A

Moves to the uterus and attaches to the endometrium

32
Q

What hormone is produced if the ovum is fertilized?

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

33
Q

What is the role of HCG in the menstrual cycle?

A

Maintains the corpus luteum and production of progesterone

34
Q

What initiates the follicular phase?

A

Pituitary gland produces hormones

35
Q

What occurs during the follicular phase?

A

Development of several follicles and secretion of estrogen

36
Q

What effect does estrogen have during the follicular phase?

A

Thickens the endometrium for the fertilized ovum

37
Q

What regulates the ovulatory phase?

A

Pituitary gland and hypothalamus release hormones

38
Q

What is the function of the hormones released during the ovulatory phase?

A

Causes maturation of the follicle

39
Q

What occurs in the luteal phase after the ovum is released?

A

The follicle develops into the corpus luteum

40
Q

What does the corpus luteum do?

A

Causes thickening of the endometrium to support embryonic development

41
Q

What happens if fertilization does not occur in the luteal phase?

A

Corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone and estrogen

42
Q

What is the result of decreased progesterone and estrogen?

A

Leads to shedding of the endometrium

43
Q

What is PMS associated with?

A

The luteal phase and the transition to the next menstrual cycle

44
Q

Fill in the blank: The fertilized ovum attaches to the _______ after ovulation.

A

endometrium

45
Q

What order do the phases of the menstrual cycle happen?

A

Menstruation, the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase

46
Q

What hormones are high during ovulation?

A

Oestrogen.
LH - peaks around day 13, stimulating ovulation.

47
Q

What hormones are high during literal phase?

A

Oestrogen
Progesterone - secreted from CL.

48
Q

What hormones are high during follicular phase?

A

FSH - stimulates development of follicles.
Oestrogen
Progesterone - remains stable but peaks at day 12.

49
Q

What hormones are high during menstruation?

A

Progesterone - ceases thickening of endometrium in preparation for fertilised egg.
Prostaglandins - causing cramps.

1st Year A&P (13 decks)

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