Endocrine System Flashcards
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
To regulate various bodily functions through hormones.
True or False: The endocrine system uses hormones to communicate between different parts of the body.
True
Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’ of the endocrine system?
The pituitary gland.
Fill in the blank: Hormones are secreted directly into the __________.
bloodstream.
What are the two main types of hormones?
Steroid hormones and peptide hormones.
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism?
Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
What gland produces insulin?
The pancreas.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?
A) Thyroid
B) Adrenal
C) Kidney
D) Pituitary
C) Kidney
True or False: The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys.
True
What is the role of cortisol in the body?
To help manage stress and regulate metabolism.
Which hormone is responsible for the fight-or-flight response?
Adrenaline (epinephrine).
Fill in the blank: The __________ gland regulates the body’s circadian rhythms.
pineal.
What is the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?
To link the nervous system to the endocrine system and regulate hormone release.
Multiple choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in water balance?
A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Glucagon
D) Estrogen
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
True or False: The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
True
What is the main effect of growth hormone?
To stimulate growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
Fill in the blank: Estrogen and testosterone are examples of __________ hormones.
sex.
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
Insulin.
Multiple choice: Which endocrine gland is involved in the immune response?
A) Thyroid
B) Thymus
C) Adrenal
D) Pituitary
B) Thymus
What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to in the context of the endocrine system?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment.
Pituitary Pregnancy Adaptations
- produces prolactin for lactation
- increases in size due to oestrogen
- causes hyperpigmentation of the skin
- oxytocin increases from
What does the endocrine system consist of?
A series of glands that produce and secrete hormones
The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions.
What is the function of the Thyroid Gland?
Affects metabolism
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body’s metabolic rate.
What do the Adrenal Glands help trigger?
Fight or flight response
The adrenal glands release hormones such as adrenaline during stressful situations.
What is regulated by the Parathyroid glands?
Calcium levels in the blood
The parathyroid glands secrete hormones that control calcium metabolism.
What hormones do the Testes secrete?
Male sex hormones
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced by the testes.
What is the function of the Pancreas in the endocrine system?
Regulates blood sugar levels
The pancreas produces insulin and glucagon, which are crucial for glucose homeostasis.
What hormones do the Ovaries secrete?
Female sex hormones
Estrogen and progesterone are the primary female sex hormones produced by the ovaries.
Thyroid Gland
Affects metabolism
Parathyroids
Regulate levels of calcium in the blood
Testis
Secrete male sex hormones
Hypothalamus
Brain region controlling the pituitary gland
Adrenal glands
Help to trigger fight or flight response
Pancreas
Regulates levels of sugar in blood
Pituitary gland
Secrets hormones which affect other glands/organs
Ovaries
Secrete female sex hormones
What is a key part of homeostasis?
Negative feedback
Negative feedback helps maintain stable internal conditions by counteracting changes.
What happens when there is a change in the body’s internal environment?
It is detected by receptors.
Receptors play a crucial role in monitoring internal conditions.
Which systems work together to return the body to its set point?
CNS and Endocrine systems
The Central Nervous System (CNS) and Endocrine systems coordinate responses to maintain homeostasis.
What is the set point?
The point at which the condition is at its optimum.
The set point is the ideal level for various physiological parameters.
What hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary?
- Oxytocin
- Vasopressin/Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
The posterior pituitary is responsible for the storage and release of these hormones, which are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?
АСТН Adrenocorticotrophin
Prolactin
TSH thyroid stimulating hormone
LH
FSH
GH
Put these in order:
1. Change detected
2. Conditions returned to set point
3. Conditions in body change from set point
4. Corrective mechanisms switched off
5. Corrective mechanisms activated
3, 1, 5, 2, 4
