Meningitis Flashcards
Is viral meningitis common?
Yes
Causes of viral meningitis?
Enteroviruses
Investigation of viral meningitis?
Stool culture
Throat swab
CSF PCR
Treatment for viral meningitis?
Supportive - self limiting
Causes of community acquired bacterial meningitis in neonates?
Listeria
Group b strep
E. coli
Cause of community acquired bacterial meningitis in children?
H. Influenza
Causes of community acquired bacterial meningitis in 10-21 year olds?
Neisseria meningitidis
Causes of community acquired bacterial meningitis in >21 year olds?
Strep pneumoniae > neisseria meningitidis
Causes of community acquired bacterial meningitis in >65year olds?
Strep pneumoniae > listeria
Clinical signs of bacterial meningitis?
Fever Stiff neck Alteration in consciousness Headache Vomiting Photophobia Rash
Cause of meningococcal meningitis?
Neisseria meningitidis
Cause of pneumococcal meningitis?
Strep pneumoniae
What is listeria?
A gram positive bacilli
Who gets listeria?
Neonates
>55
Immunosuppressed
What are meningococcal meningitis symptoms due to ?
Exotoxins
Who gets tuberculosis meningitis?
Re activation of TB
Elderly
Treatment of tuberculosis meningitis?
Isoniazid , rifampicin
What is cryptococcal meningitis?
Fungal
Mainly in HIV
Detection of cryptococcal meningitis?
Serum and CSF cryptococcal antigen
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis?
IV amphotericin B
Flucytosine
Fluconazole
Investigations for bacterial meningitis?
Bloods- culture / FBC, U&Es, LFTs/ glucose/ coagulation
Throat swab - culture
CSF - microscopy, C&S/ PCR / protein / glucose
Treatment of meningitis?
Steroids - dexamethasone - before or with first dose of antibiotics and every 6 hours for 4 day s
IV Ceftriaxone
Ampicillin / amoxicillin if listeria
( If have a penicillin allergy - co-trimoxazole)