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Neuro > Haemorrhages > Flashcards

Haemorrhages Flashcards

1
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding me to subarachnoid space

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2
Q

What usually causes subarachnoid haemorrhage ?

A

Usually underlying berry aneurysm

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3
Q

Symptoms of subarachnoid haemorrhage ?

A 
Sudden severe headache
Collapse
Vomiting
Neck pain 
Photophobia
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4
Q

Signs of subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Decreased conscious levels
Focal neurological deficit
Fundoscopy - retinal/ vitreous haemorrhage

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5
Q

Complications of subarachnoid haemorrhage ?

A 
Re-bleeding
Delayed ischaemic deficit 
Hydrocephalus
Hyponatraemia
Seizures
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6
Q

Investigations for subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

CT
Lumbar puncture
Cerebral angiography

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7
Q

Management of subarachnoid haemorrhages?

A

Keep hydrated to maintain cerebral perfusion
Nimodipine
Surgical clipping
Intracranial stents / balloon remodelling
Hyrocephalus - VP shunt

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8
Q

Prognosis for subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

50% die in first month

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9
Q

What is an intracranial haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding into the brain parenchyma

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10
Q

Causes of intracranial haemorrhages?

A

Hypertension

Aneurysm / arteriovenous malformation

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11
Q

Presentation of intracranial haemorrhage?

A

Headache
Focal neurological deficit
Decreased conscious level

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12
Q

Investigations for intracranial haemorrhage?

A

CT

Angiography

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13
Q

Treatment of intracranial haemorrhage?

A

Surgical evacuation of haematoma +/- treatment of underlying abnormality

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14
Q

What is a intraventricular haemorrhage ?

A

Rupture of a subarachnoid or intercerebral bleed into a ventricle

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15
Q

What is a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Bleeding between the arachnoid and dura mater

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16
Q

Most likely cause of subdural haemorrhage ?

A

Trauma

17
Q

What does subdural haemorrhage look like of CT/MRI?

A

Clots and a midline shift

18
Q

Does ICP increase or decrease in subdural haemorrhage?

A

Increase

19
Q

Treatment of subdural haemorrhage ?

A

Irrigation/ evacuation

Craniotomy - 2nd line

20
Q

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

A

Bleed between the bone and the dura

21
Q

Potential cause of extradural haemorrhage?

A

Fracture in temporal parietal bone causing laceration of Middle meningeal artery / vein

22
Q

Does extradural haemorrhage cause increase or decrease in ICP?

A

Increase

23
Q

Treatment of extradural haemorrhage?

A

Neurosurgery for clot evacuation and ligation of bleeding

Neuro (19 decks)

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