Auditory/ Vestibular

Question 1

What determines loudness?

Answer 1

Amplitude

Question 2

What determines pitch?

Answer 2

Frequency

Question 3

What is timbre?

Answer 3

Quality of the sound

Question 4

Action of the Middle ear?

Answer 4

Amplification

Question 5

How is middle ear adapted for amplification?

Answer 5

High ratio of area of ear drum to stapes foot plate
Lever actions of ossicles
Buckling of eardrum

Question 6

What detects angular acceleration?

Answer 6

Semicircular canals

Question 7

What detects linear acceleration?

Answer 7

Saccule and utricle - otolith organs

Question 8

How many degrees of freedom in detecting orientations?

Answer 8

6

• 3 translational
• 3 rotational

Question 9

What are the semicircular canals filled with?

Answer 9

Endolymph

Question 10

What happens in the semicircular canals on movements?

Answer 10

Movements causes the endolymph to circulate, displacing the cupula.
Displaced cupula moves the kinocili all in same direction so either excited or inhibited together.

Question 11

Utricle detects movement in what plane?

Answer 11

Horizontal plane

Question 12

Saccule detects movement in what plane?

Answer 12

Vertical / Sagittal plane

Question 13

Different between hair cells in semicircular canal and otolith?

Answer 13

All in same direction in semicircular canal

In all directions in the otolith organs

Question 14

What are the 3 vestibular reflexes?

Answer 14

Vestibulo-ocular reflex
Vestibulo- colic reflex
Vestibular-spinal reflex

Question 15

What does vestibulo-ocular reflex do?

Answer 15

Keeps eyes still in space when head moves

Question 16

What does the vestibulo-colic reflex do?

Answer 16

Keeps head still in space- at level plane when walking

Question 17

What does vestibular-spinal reflex do?

Answer 17

Adjusts posture for rapid changes in position